Which two smoking related diseases are characterized by swollen and irritated bronchial tubes

Author

Jazeela Fayyaz, DO Attending Physician, Department of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Medical Director of Sleep Lab, Unity Hospital

Jazeela Fayyaz, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Roger B Olade, MD, MPH Medical Director, Genesis Health Group

Roger B Olade, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, American College of Physicians

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Klaus-Dieter Lessnau, MD, FCCP Former Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Pulmonary Physiology Laboratory, Director of Research in Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital

Klaus-Dieter Lessnau, MD, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP Geri and Richard Brawerman Chair in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Professor and Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, Medical Director, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine

Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Thoracic Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Paul Blackburn, DO, FACOEP, FACEP Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maricopa Medical Center

Paul Blackburn, DO, FACOEP, FACEP, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Osteopathic Emergency Physicians, American Medical Association, and Arizona Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

David FM Brown, MD Associate Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Vice Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital

David FM Brown, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Disclosure: Lippincott textbook royalty; Wiley textbook royalty

Ali Hmidi, MD Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Brooklyn Hospital Center, Weill Cornell Medical College

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Jeffrey Nascimento, DO, MS Fellow, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital

Jeffrey Nascimento, DO, MS, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American Medical Association, American Osteopathic Association, American Thoracic Society, New York County Medical Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System

Robert E O'Connor, MD, MPH, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Physician Executives, American Heart Association, American Medical Association, Medical Society of Delaware, National Association of EMS Physicians, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, and Wilderness Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Samuel Ong, MD Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Samer Qarah, MD Pulmonary Critical Care Consultant, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, The Brooklyn Hospital Center and Cornell University

Samer Qarah, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Critical Care Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

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Cigarette smoke exposure modulates airway immune cell composition and cytokine profile. (A) Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was evaluated for the composition of immune cells accumulating within airways following 8 weeks of NTHI-mediated chronic respiratory inflammation (n=10 air + NTHI; n=8 cigarette smoke + NTHI). Frequency and number of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes was determined by Wright-Giemsa differential staining. (B) Concentration of cytokines in BAL fluid was determined by ELISA. Line represents mean; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 two-tailed unpaired t-test.

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