Which strategy by the nurse is best when communicating with a 3-year-old

1. DiMatteo MR. The role of effective communication with children and their families in fostering adherence to pediatric regimens. Pat Educ Counsel. 2004;55(3):339–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

2. Curry H, Schmer C, Ward-Smith P et al. Kid cards: teaching children about their medicines. J Pediatr Health Care. 2006;20(6):414–418. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

3. Wolf MS, Wilson EA, Rapp DN et al. Literacy and learning in health care. Pediatrics. 2009;124(suppl 3):S275–281. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

4. Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM, Kindig DA, editors. Institute of Medicine. Health Literacy: A prescription to end confusion. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; c2004. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10883. Accessed January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]

5. DeWalt DA, Hink A. Health literacy and child health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2009;124(suppl 3):S265–S274. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

6. Yin HS, Johnson M, Mendelsohn AL et al. The health literacy of caregivers in the United States: a nationally representative study. Pediatrics. 2009;124(suppl 3):S289–S298. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

7. Kutner M, Greenberg E, Jin Y The health literacy of America's adults: results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy. US Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education; 2006. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2006/2006483.pdf. Accessed January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]

8. The Joint Commission. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: 2007. “What Did the Doctor Say?” Improving health literacy to protect patient safety. http://www.jointcommission.org/What_Did_the_Doctor_Say/. January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]

9. Yin HS, Mendelsohn AL, Wolf MS et al. Parents' medication administration errors: role of dosing instruments and health literacy. Arch Pediatr Adolesec Med. 2010;164(2):181–186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

10. Yin HS, Mendelsohn AL, Fierman A et al. Use of a pictographic diagram to decrease caregiver dosing errors with infant acetaminophen: a health literacy perspective. Acad Pediatr. 2011;11(1):50–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

11. Ranelli PL, Bartsch K, London K. Pharmacists' perceptions of children and families as medicine consumers. Psychol Health. 2000;15(6):829–840. [Google Scholar]

12. Abrams MA, Klass P, Dreyer BP. Health literacy and children: introduction. Pediatrics. 2009;124(suppl 3):S262–S264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

13. Borzekowski DLG. Considering children and health literacy: a theoretical approach. Pediatrics. 2009;124(suppl 3):S282–288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

14. Abrams MA, Klass P, Dreyer BP. Health literacy and children: recommendations for action. Pediatrics. 2009;124(suppl 3):S327–S331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

15. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Simply put. A guide for creating easy-to-understand materials. Atlanta, GA: US CDC; 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/pdf/simply_put.pdf. Accessed January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]

16. National Patient Safety Foundation, Partnership for Clear Health Communication. What is ask me 3? Boston, MA: National Patient Safety Foundation; 2013. http://www.npsf.org/?page=askme3. Accessed January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]

17. Stivers T. Physician-child interaction: when children answer physicians' questions in routine medical encounters. Patient Educ Counsel. 2012;87(1):3–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

18. Deering CG, Cody DJ. Communicating with children and adolescents. Am J Nurs. 2002;102(3):34–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

19. Hameen-Anttila K, Bush P. Health children's perceptions of medicines: a review. Res Soc Admin Pharm. 2009;4:98–114. [Google Scholar]

20. Condren ME. Communication with children, adolescents, and their caregivers. In: Benavides S, Nahata M, editors. Pediatric Pharmacotherapy. Lenexa, KS: American College of Clinical Pharmacy; 2012. [Google Scholar]

21. Sleath B, Bush PJ, Pradel FG. Communicating with children about medicine: a pharmacist's perspective. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003;60(6):604–607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

22. Krahenbuhl S, Blades M. The effect of interviewing techniques on young children's responses to questions. Child Care Health Dev. 2006;32(3):321–331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

23. Erickson SJ, Gerstle M, Feldstein SW. Brief interventions and motivational interviewing with children, adolescents, and their caregivers in pediatric health care settings. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159(12):1173–1180. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

24. Levensky ER, Forcehimes A, O'Donohue WT et al. Motivational interviewing: an evidence-based approach to counseling helps patients follow treatment recommendations. Am J Nurs. 2007;107(10):50–58. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

25. Wald HS, Dube CE, Anthony DC. Untangling the Web—the impact of Internet use on health care and the physician-patient relationship. Pat Educ Counsel. 2007;68(3):218–24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

26. Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the quality chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Center for Education; 2001. http://www.nap.edu/html/quality_chasm/reportbrief.pdf. Accessed January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]

27. Timpka T, Eriksson H, Ludvigsson J et al. Web 2.0 systems supporting childhood chronic disease management: a pattern language representation of a general architecture. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008;8:1–11. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

28. Gentles SJ, Lokker C, McKibbon KA. Health information technology to facilitate communication involving health care providers, caregivers, and pediatric patients: a scoping review. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(2):e22. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

29. Blanson Henkemans OA, Bierman BP, Janssen J et al. Using a robot to personalise health education for children with diabetes type 1: A pilot study. Pat Educ Counsel. 2013;92(2):174–181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

30. Ye J, Rust G, Fry-Johnson Y et al. Email in patient-provider communication: A systematic review. Pat Educ Counsel. 2010;80(2):266–273. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

31. Gerstle RS. E-mail communication between pediatricians and their patients. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):317–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

32. Rosen P, Kwoh CK. Patient-physician email: an opportunity to transform pediatric health care delivery. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):701–706. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

33. Kvedar JC, Bierstock S. Should physicians use email to communicate with patients. The Wall Street Journal. January 23, 2012 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204124204577152860059245028.html. Accessed January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]

34. Patient centered medical home. Kansas: American Academy of Family Physicians; 2013. http://www.aafp.org/practice-management/pcmh/overview.html. Accessed January 19, 2016. [Google Scholar]