Basic Account Get to know the platform Single Account The ideal entry-level account for individual users $59 $39 / Month * in the first 12 months Corporate Account Full access * Prices do not include sales tax. {point.key}<\><\><\><\><\>","pointFormat":"•<\> {series.name}<\>{point.y}<\><\>","footerFormat":"<\>"},"plotOptions":{"series":{"cursor":"pointer","lineWidth":4,"borderWidth":0,"groupPadding":0.085,"pointPadding":0.05,"marker":{"symbol":"circle","radius":4,"fillColor":null,"lineColor":null},"shadow":false,"stacking":null,"dataLabels":{"shadow":false,"style":{"textShadow":null,"color":"#4f4f4f"},"enabled":false,"zIndex":3,"rotation":0}},"pie":{"allowPointSelect":true,"minSize":280,"dataLabels":{"enabled":true,"useHTML":true,"overflow":"justify","crop":true,"connectorPadding":20,"padding":5,"distance":20,"style":{"fontWeight":"normal","fontSize":"12px"},"format":"•<\> {point.name}<\> {point.y:,.f}%"}},"line":{"dataLabels":{"y":-8,"x":2,"format":"{y:,.f}%","useHTML":false,"crop":false}},"bar":{"dataLabels":{"crop":false,"overflow":"none","allowOverlap":true,"format":"{y:,.f}%","useHTML":false}},"column":{"dataLabels":{"crop":false,"overflow":"none","allowOverlap":true,"format":"{y:,.f}%","useHTML":false}}},"colors":["#2876dd","#0f283e","#bababa","#a60b0b","#87bc24","#ebb523","#5d2b76","#c271da","#76a5e3","#099676","#919191","#c85a79","#468d02","#c8640c","#927eb7","#aaa9d6"],"series":[{"name":"Presidential elections","data":[{"y":11.6},{"y":6.3},{"y":20.1},{"y":32.3},{"y":23.8},{"y":36.8},{"y":40.4},{"y":16.9},{"y":10.1},{"y":26.9},{"y":57.3},{"y":57},{"y":56.5},{"y":80.3},{"y":79.2},{"y":72.8},{"y":69.5},{"y":79.4},{"y":81.8},{"y":76.3},{"y":80.9},{"y":72.1},{"y":82.6},{"y":80.5},{"y":78.2},{"y":80.5},{"y":75.8},{"y":79.6},{"y":73.7},{"y":65.5},{"y":65.7},{"y":59},{"y":61.8},{"y":49.2},{"y":48.9},{"y":56.9},{"y":56.9},{"y":61},{"y":62.4},{"y":55.9},{"y":52.2},{"y":62.3},{"y":60.2},{"y":63.8},{"y":62.8},{"y":62.5},{"y":56.2},{"y":54.8},{"y":54.2},{"y":55.2},{"y":52.8},{"y":58.1},{"y":51.7},{"y":54.2},{"y":60.1},{"y":61.6},{"y":58.6},{"y":60.1},{"y":66.2}]},{"name":"Midterm elections","data":[{"y":21.6},{"y":25},{"y":36},{"y":42},{"y":45.8},{"y":49.8},{"y":52.8},{"y":41.1},{"y":44.7},{"y":50.1},{"y":55.7},{"y":63},{"y":70.8},{"y":61.8},{"y":60.3},{"y":60.5},{"y":66.1},{"y":69.1},{"y":65.1},{"y":71.4},{"y":67},{"y":65},{"y":65.2},{"y":65.7},{"y":63.9},{"y":64.6},{"y":67.4},{"y":60.1},{"y":55.6},{"y":51.3},{"y":52},{"y":50.4},{"y":39.9},{"y":35.7},{"y":32.9},{"y":36.7},{"y":44.5},{"y":46.6},{"y":33.9},{"y":38.8},{"y":43.6},{"y":43.5},{"y":45},{"y":47.7},{"y":48.7},{"y":47.3},{"y":39.1},{"y":39},{"y":42},{"y":38.1},{"y":38.4},{"y":41.1},{"y":38.1},{"y":39.5},{"y":40.4},{"y":41},{"y":36.7},{"y":50},null]}],"navigation":{"buttonOptions":{"enabled":false}},"exporting":{"url":"https:\/\/highcharts.statista.com","allowHTML":true,"filename":"statistic_id1139251_voter-turnout-in-us-presidential-and-midterm-elections-1789-2020"}}> United States Elections Project. (December 16, 2020). Turnout rates among the voting-eligible population in United States presidential and midterm elections from 1789 to 2020 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved May 18, 2022, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139251/voter-turnout-in-us-presidential-and-midterm-elections/ United States Elections Project. "Turnout rates among the voting-eligible population in United States presidential and midterm elections from 1789 to 2020." Chart. December 16, 2020. Statista. Accessed May 18, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139251/voter-turnout-in-us-presidential-and-midterm-elections/ United States Elections Project. (2020). Turnout rates among the voting-eligible population in United States presidential and midterm elections from 1789 to 2020. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: May 18, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139251/voter-turnout-in-us-presidential-and-midterm-elections/ United States Elections Project. "Turnout Rates among The Voting-eligible Population in United States Presidential and Midterm Elections from 1789 to 2020." Statista, Statista Inc., 16 Dec 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139251/voter-turnout-in-us-presidential-and-midterm-elections/ United States Elections Project, Turnout rates among the voting-eligible population in United States presidential and midterm elections from 1789 to 2020 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139251/voter-turnout-in-us-presidential-and-midterm-elections/ (last visited May 18, 2022) This article needs additional citations for verification.(April 2017) The 1788–89 United States presidential election was the first quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Monday, December 15, 1788, to Saturday, January 10, 1789, under the new Constitution ratified that same year. George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president and John Adams became the first vice president. This was the only U.S. presidential election that spanned two calendar years without a contingent election.
Presidential election results map. Green denotes states won by Washington. Black denotes states that did not appoint any electors. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes cast by each state.[note 1] Office established George Washington Under the Articles of Confederation, which was ratified in 1781, the United States had no head of state. Separation of the executive function of government from the legislative was incomplete similar to countries that use a parliamentary system. Federal power, strictly limited, was reserved to the Congress of the Confederation whose "President of the United States in Congress Assembled" was also chair of the Committee of the States which aimed to fulfill a function similar to that of the modern Cabinet.
The Constitution created the offices of President and Vice President, fully separating these offices from Congress. The Constitution established an Electoral College, based on each state's Congressional representation, in which each elector would cast two votes for two candidates, a procedure modified in 1804 by the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment. States had varying methods for choosing presidential electors.[2] In five states, the state legislature chose electors. The other six chose electors through some form involving a popular vote, though in only two states did the choice depend directly on a statewide vote in a way even roughly resembling the modern method in all states.
The enormously popular Washington was distinguished as the former Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. After he agreed to come out of retirement, it was known that he would be elected by virtual acclaim; Washington did not select a running mate as that concept was not yet developed.
No formal political parties existed, though an informally organized consistent difference of opinion had already manifested between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Thus, the contest for the Vice-Presidency was open. Thomas Jefferson predicted that a popular Northern leader such as Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts or John Adams, a former minister to Great Britain who had represented Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president. Anti-Federalist leaders such as Patrick Henry, who did not run, and George Clinton, who had opposed ratification of the Constitution, also represented potential choices.
All 69 electors cast one vote for Washington, making his election unanimous. Adams won 34 electoral votes and the vice presidency. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 candidates, including John Jay, who finished third with nine electoral votes. Three states were ineligible to participate in the election: New York's legislature did not choose electors on time, and North Carolina and Rhode Island had not ratified the constitution yet. Washington was inaugurated in New York City on April 30, 1789, 57 days after the First Congress convened.
Though no organized political parties yet existed, political opinion loosely divided between those who had more stridently and enthusiastically endorsed ratification of the Constitution, called Federalists or Cosmopolitans, and Anti-Federalists or Localists who had only more reluctantly, skeptically, or conditionally supported, or who had outright opposed ratification. Both factions supported Washington for president. Limited, primitive political campaigning occurred in states and localities where swaying public opinion might matter. For example, in Maryland, a state with a statewide popular vote, unofficial parties campaigned locally, advertising.
Former Minister to the Netherlands
Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Former Governor
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Former Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army Anti-Federalist candidates
Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of yellow are for the Federalists. No nomination process existed at the time of planning, and thus, the framers of the Constitution presumed that Washington would be elected unopposed. For example, Alexander Hamilton spoke for national opinion when in a letter to Washington attempting to persuade him to leave retirement on his farm in Mount Vernon to serve as the first President, he wrote that "...the point of light in which you stand at home and abroad will make an infinite difference in the respectability in which the government will begin its operations in the alternative of your being or not being the head of state." Another uncertainty was the choice for the vice presidency, which contained no definite job description beyond being the President's designated successor while presiding over the Senate. The Constitution stipulated that the position would be awarded to the runner-up in the Presidential election. Because Washington was from Virginia, then the largest state, many assumed that electors would choose a vice president from a northern state. In an August 1788 letter, U.S. Minister to France Thomas Jefferson wrote that he considered John Adams and John Hancock, both from Massachusetts, to be the top contenders. Jefferson suggested John Jay, John Rutledge, and Virginian James Madison as other possible candidates.[3] Adams received 34 electoral votes, one short of a majority – because the Constitution did not require an outright majority in the Electoral College prior to ratification of the Twelfth Amendment to elect a runner-up as vice president, Adams was elected to that post. Voter turnout comprised a low single-digit percentage of the adult population. Though all states allowed some rudimentary form of popular vote, only six ratifying states allowed any form of popular vote specifically for presidential electors. In most states only white men, and in many only those who owned property, could vote. Free black men could vote in four Northern states, and women could vote in New Jersey until 1807. In some states, there was a nominal religious test for voting. For example, in Massachusetts and Connecticut, the Congregational Church was established, supported by taxes. Voting was hampered by poor communications and infrastructure and the labor demands imposed by farming. Two months passed after the election before the votes were counted and Washington was notified that he had been elected president. Washington spent one week traveling from Virginia to New York for the inauguration. Similarly, Congress took weeks to assemble.[citation needed] As the electors were selected, politics intruded, and the process was not free of rumors and intrigue. For example, Hamilton aimed to ensure that Adams did not inadvertently tie Washington in the electoral vote.[4] Also, Federalists spread rumors that Anti-Federalists plotted to elect Richard Henry Lee or Patrick Henry president, with George Clinton as vice president. However, Clinton received only three electoral votes.[5] ResultsPopular vote
Source: U.S. President National Vote. Our Campaigns. (February 11, 2006). (a) Only six of the 11 states eligible to cast electoral votes chose electors by any form of popular vote. Electoral vote
Source: "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 30, 2005. Source (popular vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825[6] (a) Only 6 of the 10 states casting electoral votes chose electors by any form of the popular vote.
The popular vote totals used are the elector from each party with the highest vote totals. The vote totals of Virginia appear to be incomplete.
Electoral Vote
Source: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections[13] New York's lack of electorsDue to feuding political factions, New York's legislative branches could not come to agreement on how Presidential Electors would be chosen. The Anti-federalists (championing the middling-classes and state prerogatives) controlled the Assembly and were resentful that they had been forced by events to agree to ratify the Constitution of the United States of America without amendments. While the Federalists had gone from being conservative patriots during the war to nationalists who, backed by the great landed families and New York City commercial interests, controlled the Senate. Bills on how the state should appoint Presidential Electors were crafted by each of the legislative bodies and rejected by the other body. This was not resolved by January 7, 1789, which was the required date for all presidential Electors to be chosen by the states.[14] The Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, provided that the state legislatures should decide the manner in which their Electors were chosen. State legislatures chose different methods:[15]
(a) New York's legislature did not choose electors on time.
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