What type of research shows relationship or connectedness of two factors circumstances or agents called variables that affect the research?

(LECTURE FOR ABM STUDENTS)

Reference: Baraceros, E., 2016. Practical Research 1. Manila: RBSI

Types of Research

1. Based on Application of Research Method

Pure Research

This type of research deals with theoretical issues and aims to increase one’s understanding about certain concepts, principles, or abstract things.

Applied Research

This type of research seeks to find ways in answering practical issues, solving certain societal problems, and making positive changes in the society.

1. Based on Purpose of the Research

Descriptive Research

Aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.

Correlational Research

Shows relationships or connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables.

Explanatory Research

Elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the relationship of two factors, but the ways by which such relationship exists.

Exploratory Research

Its purpose is to find out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct research study on a certain topic.

Action Research

Studies an ongoing practice of a school, organization, community, or institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvements in the system.

1. Based on Types of Data Needed

Qualitative Research

Requires non-numerical data, which means that the research uses words rather than numbers to express the results, the inquiry, or investigation about people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles regarding the object of the study.

Quantitative Research

Involves measurement of data. It presents research findings referring to the number of frequency of something in numerical forms (i.e. using percentages, fractions, numbers).

NOTE:

Primary data

Obtained through direct observation or contact with people, objects, artifacts, paintings, etc.

Secondary data

If the data have already been written about or reported on and are available for reading purposes

ACTIVITY:

Activity 2: On Types of Research

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2.4.3 Test (TST) - Microeconomics (Test).docx

Week 7 Case Analysis .docx

What are the main types of qualitative approaches to research?

While there are many different investigations that can be done, a study with a qualitative approach generally can be described with the characteristics of one of the following three types:

Historical research describes past events, problems, issues and facts.  Data are gathered from written or oral descriptions of past events, artifacts, etc.  It describes “what was” in an attempt to recreate the past.  It is different from a report in that it involves interpretation of events and its influence on the present.  It answers the question: “What was the situation?” 

Examples of Historical Research:

• A study of the factors leading to the historical development and growth of cooperative learning
• A study of the effects of the historical decisions of the United States Supreme Court on American prisons
• A study of the evolution of print journalism in the United States through a study of collections of newspapers
• A study of the historical trends in public laws by looking recorded at a local courthouse

Ethnographic research develops in-depth analytical descriptions of current systems, processes, and phenomena and/or understandings of the shared beliefs and practices of a particular group or culture.  This type of design collects extensive narrative data (non-numerical data) based on many variables over an extended period of time in a natural setting within a specific context. The background, development, current conditions, and environmental interaction of one or more individuals, groups, communities, businesses or institutions is observed, recorded, and analyzed for patterns in relation to internal and external influences.  It is a complete description of present phenomena.

One specific form of ethnographic research is called a case study.  It is a detailed examination of a single group, individual, situation, or site. 

A meta-analysis is another specific form.  It is a statistical method which accumulates experimental and correlational results across independent studies.  It is an analysis of analyses.

Examples of Ethnographic Research:

• A case study of parental involvement at a specific magnet school
• A multi-case study of children of drug addicts who excel despite early childhoods in poor environments
• The study of the nature of problems teachers encounter when they begin to use a constructivist approach to instruction after having taught using a very traditional approach for ten years
• A psychological case study with extensive notes based on observations of and interviews with immigrant workers
• A study of primate behavior in the wild measuring the amount of time an animal engaged in a specific behavior

Narrative research focuses on studying a single person and gathering data through the collection of stories that are used to construct a narrative about the individual’s experience and the meanings he/she attributes to them.

Examples of Narrative Research:

• A study of the experiences of an autistic student who has moved from a self-contained program to an inclusion setting
• A study of the experiences of a high school track star who has been moved on to a championship-winning university track team