Prufrock, the speaker in the poem, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” by T.S Eliot, is extremely self conscious and emotionally distant from those around him. As made obvious by the poem, Prufrock must have been scrutinized for his appearance. He speaks of the bald spot he has on his head and describes his arms and legs to be small and thin. The scrutiny he receives due to his appearance is what I think caused him to have this strong need to escape from humanity. Throughout the poem, he feels distant from other people, and by the ending, even feels as though he belongs more with mermaids. He suggests this by using the pronoun, “We,” when talking about the mermaids. Prufrocks sensitivity and desire for distance is what led me to believe he is self conscious and emotionally distant from other humans. Show “For I have known them all already, known them all- The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase, And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin, When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall, Then how should I begin To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways? And how should I presume? (Lines 55-61) When first reading this quote, it was difficult for me to comprehend. However, after thinking about the main idea of the poem and the character, Prufrock, I realized what he was talking about and the quote became easy to understand. In this quote, Prufrock is describing the scrutiny that he faces for his physical appearance. Throughout the story, the discouragement he derives from his appearances makes it difficult for him to have relationships with people, specifically women. When he says, “The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,” the eyes he is referring to are those of the women or people that view him. When he says,” He feels as though they are dissecting him and judging all the details of him.” Furthermore, when he says, ”And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin, When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall, Then how should I begin To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?” He feels as though he is forced to say the truth about himself because he is exposed and cannot do anything about it. Questions – How does Prufrock fulfill or rebut stereotypes of the modern intellectual? – How does Eliot use the relationships between men and women to comment on society and culture? – Identify the linguistic devices Eliot uses in his poems and give evidence showing how he used those devices.
By barraging readers with a seemingly disjointed collage of images, T.S. Eliot uses the distinctly modernist style of Imagism to construct his poem, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” Imagism, a literary movement closely linked to modernism, is based on the principles that poetry should be constructed of precise descriptions of concrete images. The language used by Imagists is clear and exact. They held that only words that are absolutely necessary to enhancing the description should be used in poetry. Ezra Pound, one of the most influential Imagist poets, defined this movement by saying: “We are not a school of painters, but we believe that poetry should render particulars exactly and not deal in vague generalities, however magnificent and sonorous.” Knowing Eliot’s involvement with this movement, his use of imagery and description becomes especially important to the reader. His use of precise language invites readers to examine each word and image closely. In order to understand the meaning behind this poem, the reader must dissect Eliot’s imagery, analyze its symbolic meaning, and find thematic patterns. This site intends to do just that. By highlighting a few dominant images and allusions in the poem, I hope to gain some insight into Eliot’s use of imagery to relate the main themes of this poem. While the explications of the images on this page follow the same disjointed pattern of organization as Eliot’s images themselves, I hope to show that while each image or image cluster are distinct and seemingly unrelated, they are tied together though thematic elements. Through his use of imagery and allusion in this poem, Eliot deals with themes that revolve around the fragile and self-conscious human condition, touching on the ideas of inadequacy, sexual anxiety and fear of mortality. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” – Full Text Thinning and BaldnessWith a bald spot in the middle of my hair- The reoccurring image of baldness, and furthermore Prufrock’s obsessive anxiety about his own thinning hair, draws the reader’s attention to the theme of self-consciousness in this poem. As mentioned by critic Margaret Blum, Prufrock alludes to his own baldness or thinning hair on four different occasions during his dramatic monologue. Prufrock’s anxiety about his own baldness, and also about the feebleness of his body, can be related to his obsessive fear regarding aging and death. This theme is again echoed as Prufrock proclaims: “I have seen the Eternal footman hold my coat, and snicker, And in short I was afraid” (lines 85-86). Here, Prufrock expresses the belief that death itself mocks him in his old age. Through this passage, Eliot again displays Prufrock’s self-consciousness and fear as he nears the end of his life. The protagonist’s constant introspection and anxiety about his own death develops the theme of the mortality and fragility of human life. Prufrock’s apparent concern with his image and the way in which he is perceived by the guests at the party also serves to highlight his difficulties and anxieties regarding human interaction- a theme that is echoed throughout the poem in various other images. MichelangeloIn the room the women come and go Individual Female Body PartsAnd I have known the eyes already, known them all- Adding to the theme of sexual anxiety in this poem, literary critic Michelle Tepper also asserts that Prufrock’s self-conciousness and fear of human interaction, especially interaction with women, causes him to “reduce [female] bodies to arms and legs.” As the female attendees of the tea party are described in Prufrock’s monologue it is true that they are often severed into “arms that lie along a table” or “eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase.” In a Petrarchan sense, this division of female body parts creates a blazon – a literary device in which the poet praises individual parts of a woman’s body often with flowery, figurative language. Yet this device, while it seems to compliment the female object of the poem, is not entirely an innocent form of flattery. The division of the female body into mere pieces is a means of objectification and the denial of her existence as a whole human being. However, Prufrock’s division and objectification of female body parts does not seem intentional. Rather, due to his anxiety in his relations with others, Prufrock is subconsciously unable to recognize the females he interacts with as whole human beings and instead must view them as individual body parts. Furthermore, Prufrock’s anxiety leads to his own self-objectification, adding more complexity to the effects of his fear of human interaction as reflected in his self-image and the way in which he deals with others. The protagonist’s tendency to regard himself and others as fragmented, objectified beings expresses his sexual anxiety as well as the difficulties of human interaction. The ideas of a disconnect in human interaction and the failures of communication are prevalent among Modernist writers and poets. Eliot uses Prufrock’s dramatic monologue to highlight the characteristically Modernist theme of a rift in human interaction within this poem. “Ragged Claws” and Allusions to HamletI should have been a pair of ragged claws This image of “ragged claws scuttling across the floors of silent seas” reiterates the previously discussed theme of aging and mortality and also can be read as an allusion to Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a play that is referenced several times in the poem. But before analyzing this line as an allusion in the context of Hamlet, many critics, like Robert Fleissner, argue that the image has an innate meaning that fits well with the ideas woven together in this poem. Fleissner views the use of this crustacean as a symbol of growing old and futile. The use of the crab, especially, conjures images of futility, of moving slowly and with great difficulty- images also associated with the process of aging and approaching death. In a colloquial sense, this image of the crab bring to mind the idea of “crabbiness” or ill-tempered petulance that is also often linked to growing old and senile. While one interpretation of this image is based on its context within the poem, other some believe that it takes on a more fully-developed meaning when read as an allusion to Hamlet. Many critics look to Polonius’s line to Hamlet, “if, like a crab, you could go backward” (2.2.205-206), to interpret Eliot’s mention of “ragged claws scuttling.” In this light, his alignment of Prufrock with the image of a crab ties back to the protagonist’s feelings of self-consciousness and regret and echoes his obsession with “decisions and revisions.” As Prufrock nears the end of his life and begin to grapple with his own mortality, he turns fretfully inward and wishes regretfully the be able to revise his own past. As seen though both interpretations of this image, it furthers Eliot’s theme of aging and death as well as the anxiety and self-consciousness that comes about in response to this process. The PeachShall I part my hair from behind? Do I dare eat a peach? (122) While Eliot only briefly mentions the peach in this poem, it has come to be one of the most critically contested images, in terms of deciphering its meaning. In his book, Ascending the Prufrockian Stair, Robert Fleissner dedicates an entire chapter to offering various interpretations of “Prufrock’s Peach.” Firstly, he considers the idea that the peach, in this context, could be a reference to the Forbidden Fruit of the biblical Creation story. With this interpretation, Prufrock must choose between knowledge and immortality. This struggle fits in closely with Prufrock’s constant grappling with his own mortality. In Prufrock’s eyes, he has already eaten the biblical fruit and must now heed the consequences: a burdensome awareness of the world around him and his own approaching death. Another interpretation by Fleissner also broaches the topic of Prufrock’s fear of aging. He believe that Prufrock’s uneasiness in biting into the peach stems from his fear of losing his teeth while doing so. Much like with his obsession with his thinning hair, Prufrock is plagued by self-consiousness and panic that his body will fail him even in everyday tasks such as eating. Finally, many critics agree on the idea that the peach can be taken as a sexual symbol, representative of Prufrock’s reoccuring feelings of sexual inadequacy and anxiety when faced with human interaction. With the image of the peach representing female sexuality, and especially with his self-doubt in considering whether to eat the peach, Prufrock revisits the feelings of inadequacy that he presents in his inability to compare to Michelangelo’s David. Notably, the peach is used as a means to objectify women and female sexuality. As explained previously with the speaker’s tendency to represent women as mere body parts, this objectification is a result of Prufrock’s anxiety when faced with human interaction. This anxiety, it seems, is only intensified when dealing with the potential of sexual relations. While there is no conclusive agreement as to the meaning of the peach, most critical interpretations are in accord that this image in some way enhances the themes of Prufrock’s fear of aging and death, his feelings of inadequacy and self-deprecation, or his panic when interacting with other humans. Listen to the poem: prufrock.mp3 Works Cited Blum, Margaret Morton. “The Fool in ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’.” Modern Language Notes, Vol. 72, No. 6 (Jun., 1957), pp. 424-426 Photos: Tea Party: Painting by Frank L. http://www.forgottentreasurez.com/servlet/Detail?no=573</span> Back to T.S. Eliot Back to The Twentieth Century Homepage |