What individual is the principal assistant to the officer of the deck?

4-*
A. CARRIER ORGANIZATION 4-*
B. Commanding Officer 4-*
C. Typical Carrier Departments 4-*
1. Administrative Department 4-*
2. Air Department 4-*
3. Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department (AIMD) 4-*
4. Chaplain Department 4-*
5. Communications Department 4-*
6. Deck Department 4-*
7. Dental Department 4-*
8. Engineering Department 4-*
9. Maintenance Management Department 4-*
10. Medical Department 4-*
11. Navigation Department 4-*
12. Operations Department 4-*
13. Safety Department 4-*
14. Supply Department 4-*
15. Training Department 4-*
16. Weapons Department 4-*
D. Air Wing Organization 4-*
1. Air Wing Commander (CAG) 4-*
2. Deputy Air Wing Commander 4-*
3. Operations Officer 4-*
4. USW Operations Officer 4-*
5. Air Intelligence Officer 4-*
6. Maintenance Officer 4-*
7. Weapons Officer 4-*
8. Landing Signal Officers (2) 4-*
9. Flight Surgeon 4-*
10. Carrier Air Wing Intelligence Team 4-*

MODULE 4—TYPICAL SHIP ORGANIZATION

Navy warships will of course vary in size and function. Most however, have similar organizational structures. For purposes of instruction, we will examine the organizational structure of the modern aircraft carrier as the largest expression of ship administration. Keep in mind that individual ships will incorporate different organizational structures.

A. CARRIER ORGANIZATION

When fully manned, an aircraft carrier is home to as many as 5,000 personnel—the size of a small city. Thinking of a carrier as a city is a useful way to understand its organization. At the top and comparable to a city’s mayor is the ship’s Commanding Officer (

CO), who is ultimately responsible for the entire ship and the accomplishment of its assigned mission. Next in line and acting as city manager is the Executive Officer (XO). From the XO on down, the ship’s individual functions are handled by the ship’s company via different departments. These departments are in turn divided into divisions, each specialized in an area of the ship’s operation and mission.

The carrier battlegroup’s primary mission is power projection to targets ashore and at sea. The central element of the carrier’s offensive punch is its embarked air wing (

CVW). The typical carrier air wing normally consists of nine squadrons, each with individual missions, which join the carrier while it is deployed.

B. Commanding Officer

The Commanding Officer of an aircraft carrier must satisfy two requirements: He must be an unrestricted line officer (which enables him to command at sea) and he must be a naval aviator. He is always the rank of Captain (O-6). Through his

XO (who in most cases is also is a Captain), the CO runs the ship via its various departments.

C. Typical Carrier Departments

Typical carrier departments are listed below:

Typical Carrier Departments

Administration	Maintenance Management
Air	Medical
Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance	Navigation
Chaplain	Operations
Communications	Safety
Deck	Supply
Dental	Training
Engineering	Weapons

Each department is further subdivided into divisions with personnel manning these divisions assigned to "Watches," "Sections," or both.

1. Administrative Department

The Administrative Department is responsible for maintaining all administrative data and paperwork necessary for the ship to function properly. These functions include data processing, as well as recreational, police, and postal services. This department is also responsible for operation of the ship’s Public Affairs Office as well as the onboard television and radio stations. This department typically handles personnel records, including visiting Naval Reserve personnel (see Module 1).

2. Air Department

The Air Department gives direct support to the embarked air wing. The Air Department is in charge of launching and landing aircraft, fueling, moving, and controlling fixed and variable wing aircraft. It is also responsible for the routine handling of aircraft on the flight deck and in the hangar bays. Note: Smaller vessels with embarked helicopter detachments should have some flavor of an Air Department, although it may be very small.

3. Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department (AIMD)

The AIMD provides industrial level maintenance for the air wing and the ship’s ground support equipment.

4. Chaplain Department

Onboard the carrier, the Chaplain Department is dedicated to promoting the spiritual, religious and personal morale of embarked military personnel. The Chaplain Corps extends this mission to all military personnel and their dependents. The Chaplain Department also coordinates all personal emergency communications from the American Red Cross, provides pastoral care and counseling, and directs operation of the ship’s library. Smaller vessels may not have their own chaplain, especially if they are deployed with a CVBG. In these cases, a chaplain will fly from the carrier via helicopter to conduct services.

5. Communications Department

The Communications Department sends and receives messages to and from other ships, aircraft and shore facilities via various sophisticated electronic equipment. Such equipment includes computers, satellites, cryptographic devices, and high power transmitters and receivers.

6. Deck Department

The Deck Department is charged with the most traditional of nautical responsibilities. Enlisted Boatswain’s Mates (BM) maintain the exterior of the ship’s surfaces, anchor and moor the ship, man the rescue and assistance lifeboats, and monitor underway replenishment. The BMs’ most prevalent (and audible) duty is the "piping away" of different events over the ship’s intercom. This department is headed by the ship’s First Lieutenant (a job title, not to be confused with the Army, Air Force or Marine Corps rank of O-2).

7. Dental Department

The Dental Department provides comprehensive dental care, encompassing simple preventative care through emergency services for all embarked personnel. Note: Only large ships, such as carriers and amphibious warfare ships, have embarked Dental Departments. This department, along with Medical and Supply, are known as support departments.

8. Engineering Department

The Engineering Department maintains the ship’s power plants providing steam for propulsion and aircraft launch catapults. It also provides all life support systems, fresh water, heating, air conditioning, ventilation, hot water, electrical power, telephone service, and maintains the ship’s sewage system. The ship’s Chief Engineer, or "Cheng", heads this department.

9. Maintenance Management Department

The Maintenance Management Department is responsible for the scheduling and coordination for all off-ship maintenance (i.e., repairs at shipyards or dry docks) and planned organic maintenance ship-wide.

10. Medical Department

The Medical Department is responsible for maintaining the health of the crew, the treatment of sick and injured ship’s personnel, disease prevention and the promotion of good health ship-wide. The head of this department must be an officer of the Navy Medical Corps (MC). Additionally, the Medical Officer also advises the ship’s CO on ship’s hygiene and sanitation conditions. Smaller ships may not have an embarked Medical Officer in which case Hospital Corps personnel run the department under the administrative auspices of the Operations Department (see below).

11. Navigation Department

The enlisted navigation Quarter Masters (QMs) and the ship’s navigator brief the Commanding Officer and the Officer-of-the Deck (OOD) on the position of the ship, the direction of travel and the safest sea lanes to traverse. Computations are made using celestial navigation, electronic machinery and visual reports. The Navigation Department is also responsible for executing all military traditions, customs and honors onboard ship.

12. Operations Department

The Operations Department is responsible for collecting, cataloging, analyzing and distributing combat information vital to the accomplishment of the ship’s offensive and defensive missions. Heading this very important department is the ship’s Operations Officer, or "Ops." This individual is one of the busiest persons on the ship. Intelligence, photographic intelligence, local air traffic control, and missile system maintenance are types of services provided by this department. The ship’s intelligence officer and the CVIC spaces fall under this department on a carrier. On other ships, 3905 enlisted Intelligence Specialists and/or collateral duty intelligence officers fall under the Operations Department. As a reserve intelligence officer (1635) or enlisted Intelligence Specialist, you most likely will be assigned to this department during your AT-at-Sea. The Operations Department will be discussed in more detail in the next module.

13. Safety Department

The Safety Department is responsible for ongoing training and education programs, equipment dangers, procedural hazards, and accident prevention. It is found only on aircraft carriers. As mentioned earlier, a ship can be an extremely dangerous place to work (see Module 1). While onboard, constantly be aware of maintaining posted safety regulations and procedures.

14. Supply Department

The Supply Department is responsible for feeding and paying the ship’s crew, including the running of ship’s wardroom(s) and messing spaces. This department holds responsibility for the laundry and dry cleaning services, stores, barbershops, and recreation services. This department also stocks spare parts for underway ship and/or aircraft repairs. Heading this department is the ship’s Supply Officer, or "Suppo," a member of the Navy Supply Corps (SC). The Supply Officer may have assistants for disbursing, food service, ship’s store, or wardroom mess.

15. Training Department

The Training Department is responsible for the continued coordination of enlisted advancement exams, reenlistments and coordination of special schools. Training also handles general damage control and 3M training.

16. Weapons Department

The Weapons Department maintains and operates the ship’s various weapons systems. Personnel of the Weapons Department also assemble, test and maintain bombs, missiles, torpedoes and small weapons ammunition. On smaller ships, this department might fall under the administrative auspices of the Deck Department (see above).

D. Air Wing Organization

If assigned to a carrier or other vessel with embarked aircraft, it is important to familiarize yourself with their organization. It mirrors to a large extent, the ship’s organizational structure. The embarked aircraft squadrons retain their corporate identity and basic organization, but each squadron also supplies specific personnel, such as ship mess cooks, stewards, and laundry, to various departments listed above.

1. Air Wing Commander (CAG)

The

CAG is directly responsible for the operational readiness and tactical performance of the air wing. He is responsible for the coordination and supervision of all activities of the embarked squadrons and detachments, and for the material readiness, communications, and intelligence functions of the air wing. The CAG does not fall directly under the carrier’s commanding officer. Rather, he is a co-commanding officer. Both the carrier CO and CAG report to the composite warfare commander under the CWC concept discussed earlier.

2. Deputy Air Wing Commander

The primary duty of the Deputy CAG is to assist the CAG, acting in effect as his executive officer. The Chief of Staff will ensure the activities and functions of the CAG staff adhere to the desires of the CAG.

3. Operations Officer

Responsible for supervising the training, operations, and readiness of all air wing squadrons. The Operations Officer standardizes operational procedures between squadrons, coordinates and develops operational contingency plans, and supervises the execution of those plans.

4. USW Operations Officer

Responsible for USW operations conducted by air wing assets. The USW Operations officer provides advice on the operational employment and training of the air wing USW squadrons.

5. Air Intelligence Officer

The Air wing Intelligence Officer is responsible for the collection, preparation, and dissemination of intelligence material needed by the CAG to plan and execute operations with air assets. He also directs and supervises the Mission Planning (MP) work center of CVIC.

6. Maintenance Officer

This individual is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the maintenance of air wing assets, and ensuring all necessary equipment and spare parts required by the squadrons is available. The Maintenance Officer also reports to the CAG regarding the impact on operational readiness by maintenance and material conditions in the squadrons.

7. Weapons Officer

Advises the CAG on loading, handling, and expenditure of the weapons employed by the air wing. This individual will assist the squadrons in all matters relating to weapons handling and employment.

8. Landing Signal Officers (2)

Two LSOs are normally assigned to the air wing. They coordinate with pilots to improve recovery (i.e., landing) operations and safety awareness.

9. Flight Surgeon

The Flight Surgeon provides medical care for the officers and men of the air wing. He is tasked with keeping the CAG informed of particular medical problems affecting the air wing.

10. Carrier Air Wing Intelligence Team

This group consists of the squadron intelligence officers and intelligence specialists assigned to the squadrons in the air wing. The Air wing Intelligence Officer is the leader of this team and as such is the Mission Planning Coordinator. All squadron intelligence personnel work in

CVIC when embarked. That is, they integrate into a combined CV/CVW intelligence team. The Carrier Air Wing Intelligence Team provides direct support to the air wing with cyclic event briefs/debriefs, and in-flight aids in support of exercises and/or operations. Except for the TARPS officer, the members of this team also augment the SUPPLOT. The TARPS officer normally works in the Multi-Sensor Interpretation (MSI) area of CVIC.

Page 2

MODULE 5—The OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT

This module will cover the organization within the operations department. As with ship’s organizational structure in the previous module, the Operations Department from ship to ship will vary slightly. As before, we will use an example from a typical carrier for purposes of instruction. Elements of a typical carrier Operations Departments include the Combat Direction Center, Air Operations, Intelligence Center, Meteorology, Electronics Material Office, and Strike Operations. Already mentioned in the previous module, the Carrier Intelligence Center (

The

OI Division is responsible for tracking all surface and air contacts. This division provides tactical information support, control of the ship’s defenses, and supports ship’s safe navigation. Enlisted Operations Specialists (OSs) typically man this division.

OW Division analyzes data collected from the electromagnetic spectrum. Its mission is to detect, identify, and classify air, surface, and subsurface contacts via passive detection means aided by the use of electronic support measures (ESM) equipment. Enlisted Electronics Warfare Technicians (EWs) typically man this division.

The OX Division provides mission support to the battlegroup’s undersea warfare assets. It is responsible for the ship’s USW defensive systems and is the fusion center for all USW operations conducted by the carrier’s USW aircraft such as LAMPS helicopters and S-3A/Bs (see Module 2).

This division maintains the Phalanx Close In Weapons System (CIWS) for short-range defense against cruise missiles or aircraft. Most every ship has this system to help protect it from anti-ship cruise missiles. Enlisted Fire Control men (FCs) typically work in this division.

Meteorology (which is often referred to as "Metro") monitors environmental conditions affecting the battlegroup and provides data to use weather for possible tactical advantage. This is accomplished by providing forecasts of radar effectiveness and acoustic propagation conditions to aid in optional positioning and use of accompanying ships and aircraft. Enlisted Aerographer Mates (AGs), the navy’s weathermen, work in this division.

Strike Operations Division coordinates with all warfare commanders to establish a viable

On a carrier, the

Like

OP

The

The personnel in this division are responsible for the day-to-day operation of

The Air Operations Division is responsible for airspace management around the carrier, and monitoring the status of all airborne aircraft. These functions are performed in the Carrier Air Traffic Control Center (

The

The OE Division is the formal name to the division within the

The following figure graphically illustrates the various functions and divisions of the Operations Department discussed above:

Figure 3.6. Typical CV Operations Department.

Page 3

MODULE 6—Intelligence WORK CENTERS

The ship’s intelligence work centers coordinate to provide the commanding officer or higher embarked authority with the most up-to-date tactical picture. Most ships will have some kind of intelligence coordination center and personnel assigned to it in either a primary or collateral duty. Of course, the ultimate intelligence fusion center is found on the carrier itself. Smaller ships in the battlegroup act as information gatherers, reporting sensor and positional data in real time to the carrier. The total intelligence fusion effort then takes place across many different platforms and work centers. Learning where you fit in is crucial to maximizing your effectiveness as a reservist.

The carrier

CVIC

CVIC

The major physical sections of

Note that

The main mission planning areas of support are flight operations and strike support. Individual functions within mission planning generally fall into two categories: photographic reconnaissance and strike mission planning.

The second major group within CVIC is multi-sensor interpretation (MSI) which focuses on collection, reporting and reconnaissance. It is defined as the employment of two or more sensors simultaneously or covering of the same target with two or more sensors on the same mission. The "products" of MSI are reports generated from multi-sensor analyses such as TARPS photography from F-14s and ISAR imagery from ES-3Bs). MSI contributes to the overall strike support readiness effort. When considering MSI systems there are two areas of concern: reconnaissance and interpretation.

MSI Reconnaissance is concerned with collecting intelligence. Ideal reconnaissance systems should have all of the following basic capabilities; all weather performance, day and night performance, provide location of target data, identification and status of target(s), and good resolution. Multi-sensor systems currently include; optical photography, side looking airborne radar (SLAR), synthetic aperture radar (SAR), inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), infrared systems (IR), LASER systems, and passive electronic countermeasures (PECM). Combining sensors usually results in producing the greatest amount of intelligence data about a potential target.

There are several MSI systems in this area: NIPS A/B, PC-NIPS , GCCS-M, JDDS, STRED, and GALE LITE. The CVIC may also have access to tactical circuits such as TACINTEL, TADIXS-A, OTCIXS, TDDS, TADIXS-B, and TIBS. Later modules will cover these systems in depth.

All incoming film collected by airborne platforms (e.g., helicopters and TARPS missions) and the ship’s onboard sighting team is developed and processed in the photo lab. It is then taken to the multi-sensor interpretation (MSI) area located in CVIC for analysis, evaluation and dissemination to operators.

This area is a collection of various publications frequently used by intelligence personnel in CVIC. It can include both classified and unclassified data. There are various commercially available as well as classified GENSER publications found here dealing with worldwide combat fleets, weapons systems and aircraft. Also found in CVIC libraries are hard copies of some electronic displays, microfiche collections, and CD-ROMs.

Aircrew are debriefed in this are following mission completion to assess the overall success or possible shortcomings of the mission. Debriefing is discussed in the next module.

The SCIF is a special restricted area where Top Secret/SCI material is stored. The SCIF is managed by the Special Security Officer (SSO) and reports directly to the ship’s Intelligence Officer. Special access is required to utilize information stored in this area.

This area, not physically located in

This is the other photo lab found on board a carrier. As already mentioned, it handles more carrier-oriented photography duties such as administrative and publicity duties. It nevertheless can support intelligence related efforts should extra processing be needed (e.g., in support of a major exercise).

Module 3 mentioned that some cruisers and smaller vessels have a

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MODULE 7—BRIEFING, DEBRIEFING & REPORTING

“Briefing is fun.”

Fleet Intelligence Training Center Pacific

Briefing, debriefing, and reporting constitute the most important activities of the intelligence officer or enlisted intelligence specialist. It is highly probable that you will be involved in one or more of these activities in some aspect during the period of your

Briefs given by

CVIC

Prior to arriving at a certain port of call, the CVIC or intelligence personnel may be asked to give a Port Brief for the benefit of ship’s company. On a carrier this brief might be broadcast throughout the ship on the television system. This type of brief outlines the characteristics of the port, including customs regulations, local port authority, the identification of restricted or "off-limits" areas, and any special information pertinent to navy personnel visiting the area. This type of brief may be combined with a Country Brief (see below).

Prior to reaching a certain operating area or beginning an exercise, CVIC personnel may be tasked with giving a Platform Brief. This type of brief summarizes information on a particular platform of interest to the battlegroup and air wing. It may, for example, give the performance characteristics of foreign or U.S. aircraft, surface ships, or weapon systems. Such a brief may utilize graphics, imagery, line drawings, and/or video footage (if available) of the platform of interest.

A Country Brief details a broad overview of a specific country of interest to the deployed battlegroup. The country could be one the battlegroup will visit in port or potentially operate against. This type of brief summarizes political, economic, and military characteristics for the country of interest. The brief may treat each subject broadly or concentrate on one or more topics as required. For example,

This type of brief constitutes an important intelligence "product." A Current Intelligence brief typically summarizes world political and military events using as inputs a variety of intelligence sources, both open and classified. Classified sources usually come in the way of received message traffic and documents in the classified vault or

This brief is narrower in scope than the current intelligence brief described above. The

The Event brief is a generic term that describes many different types of briefs that are necessary to conduct regular battlegroup operations. The most typical Event brief supports air operations. For example, when the Carrier and Carrier Air Wing (

1. Squadron numbers.
2. Number and type of aircraft.
3. Mission to be performed.
4. Control/Communications Buttons.
5. Sector Coverage.
6. Vectors/Range & Bearings.

1. Surface picture.
2. Items of interest.

As can be seen, the Event brief is a comprehensive dissemination of information and preparation for it will take some time and effort. Fortunately, most

In some cases, the Staff Intelligence Officer may be asked to prepare a written Intelligence Estimate (

The

Much exists about what a brief should consist of, but it is also important to know how to give and prepare a brief, regardless of its content or type. Taking our cue from Captain Warshawsky at the beginning of this module, we also need to remember that briefing can be fun as well.

Above all, a good brief is: 1)

A. Introduction

1. Greeting

2. Name (Rank/Rate)

3. Subject of Brief

a. Value Statement (why is brief important?)

b. Overview of brief (include name of other briefers as appropriate)

4. Classification (if applicable)

B. Body of Brief

1. Maintain logical organization (incorporate one of the following styles):

a. Chronological

b. Geographic

c. Order of importance

d. Cause and/or effect

2. Transition statements

a. Smooth flow from point to point

b. Keep to outline

3. Visual aids

a. One for each major point of the brief

b. Avoid complex or distracting graphics

C. Conclusion

1. Summary of brief

a. Verbal and graphic

b. Re-state specific or key terms

c.

2. Re-state classification

3. Open for questions and answers

When giving a brief, avoid over-reliance on notes and scripts. Audiences bore easily when read to from a prepared script. Rather, think of the brief as a

After aircraft missions, pilots are debriefed in

Other required information includes, ordnance released, fuel given/received, names of aircrew, frequencies copied, mission changes, etc.

Note: Debriefing requires the intelligence officer to at least know the basics of air operations at sea in order to know which questions to ask.

Intelligence personnel aboard ship use several reporting formats to transmit contact and other observational data to the appropriate authority. The drilling Naval Reservist should have been exposed to some or all of these various reporting formats in the course of previous training ATs. It is a good idea to review the procedures for filing these reports so as to report aboard fully prepared to make a significant contribution. Several reporting formats are discussed below.

The Maritime Reporting System provides a standardized method for drafting requests, orders, contact reports, status reports, summaries, and planning messages within a maritime operational environment. The resultant messages are intended to be both human and machine capable. The formatted message most commonly used by intelligence personnel at sea is the Maritime Force Locator (

Intelligence Information Reports (

The RECCEXREP is a formatted message used to report the exploitation of tactical reconnaissance imagery. Each reconnaissance mission flown normally requires a RECCEXREP, describing routes and results. This type of report is governed by the Navy publications NWP 10-1-13 (Supplement 1).

The MISREP is used to report the results of air missions. It provides timely details of mission results to theater operations commanders.

Page 5

The module will focus on the actual hardware and software systems found in the intelligence spaces onboard navy warships. These tools allow the battle staff to function in today’s time sensitive warfare environment. Keep in mind that automated data processors (

This section should not be substituted for the actual systems briefs or sessions designed to train the user in their operation. Rather, this section presents summaries of their basic function, mission and incorporation into intelligence activities. Where possible, each section provides points of contact or numbers to call for further information or training opportunities.

Much of the information in this section can be found in various Navy publications which describe intelligence systems, notably Afloat Intelligence Systems Handbook produced by the Navy and Marine Corps Intelligence Training Center (

GCCS-M, also known as JMCIS,

There are a number of GCCS-M environments, GCCS-M Afloat, GCCS-M Ashore, and GCCS-M Tactical Mobile. GCCS-M Afloat systems are located on board ships and are the primary Intelligence Specialist and Intelligence officer’s tactical display and Common Operating Picture (COP) workstation. GCCS-M ashore support the CNO and FLT CINCS providing a single integrated C2 system to process the combat readiness, positional information, and employment scheduling, of own and Allied forces. GCCS-M Tactical Mobile provides fixed and mobile sites C2 support to maritime patrol and surveillance missions. Basic hardware in

TAMPS is a computerized method of planning and optimizing mission routes against hostile targets. TAMPS is employed extensively by embarked Navy air wings and Marine Corps aviation units to provide planners a common automated system for rapidly processing large quantities of digitized terrain, threat and environmental data, aircraft, avionics, and weapon systems parameters. The system has an intended capability to meet the tactical mission planning and digital data upload requirements of fixed and rotary wing aircraft, standoff weapons, avionics systems mission support systems and unmanned air vehicles.

TAMPS core software provides flexible interfaces to a wide variety of USN and USMC C4I systems to provide users near-real-time updates to weather and intelligence databases. A modular, open systems architecture was developed to satisfy specialized aircraft, weapons, and avionics systems requirements while maintaining consistent displays and user interactions across all platforms. Platform unique requirements are provided via a Mission Planning Module (MPM) system that integrates with appropriate core libraries and servers providing a complete planning environment for any user platform. This integrated MPM planning environment is used to develop, analyze, store missions, and create mission planning products (including digital loads, strip route charts, and pilot kneeboard cards) to support tactical aviation combat operations.

TAMPS is hosted on the Navy Standard Desktop Tactical-support Computer 2 (DTC-2) which is comprised of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware. The bulk of fleet TAMPS installations consists of a DTC-2 unit containing three work stations; one data base administrator station and two mission planner stations. A portable configuration of TAMPS is hosted on the ACE/VME single workstation computer.

The aircraft types compatible with

Page 6

Books a-*
Books and Reports a-*
Journals and Periodicals a-*
CD-ROMs a-*
World Wide Web Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) a-*

•  
• Bibliography & Internet sources

Books

Books and Reports

Bearden, Bill, reviser, The Bluejacket’s Manual, 21st (or current) edition, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1990.

Berkman, Robert, Find It Fast: How to Uncover Expert Information on Any Subject, 3rd Ed., (Harper & Collins, 1994), 1-800-427-7372.

Couhat, Jean L., and Bernard Pr�zelin, ed., Combat Fleets of the World, English Language Version, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, (latest edition).

Friedman, Norman, Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Systems, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1989.

Jane’s Information Group,

Various Publications, including Jane’s Fighting Ships, All the World’s Aircraft, Jane’s Naval Combat Systems, etc. Updated yearly.

Knott, Richard,

CAPT, U.S. Navy, The Naval Aviation Guide, 4th (or current) edition, The Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1985.

Lowenthal, Mark, The U.S. Intelligence Community: An Annotated Bibliography (Garland, 1994),

ISBN 0-81531423.

Navy and Marine Corps Intelligence Training Center, Afloat Intelligence Systems, 11 March 1994 (or latest version),

NMITC, 2088 Regulus Ave., Virginia Beach, VA 23461.

Office of Naval Intelligence, Strategic Planning for the Office of Naval Intelligence: Vision and Direction for the Future, July 1992.

Polmar, Norman, The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, 14th (or current) edition, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, 1987.

Richelson, Jeffery T., Sword and Shield,

Soviet Intelligence and Security Apparatus, Ballinger Publishing, Cambridge, MA, 1986 (or latest edition).

Richelson, Jeffery T., The U.S. Intelligence Community, 2nd (or latest) edition, Ballinger Publishing, Cambridge,

MA, 1989.

Thompson, Alan, D.

CWO4, USAR, Open Source Intelligence Resources for the Military Intelligence Officer, 434th Military Intelligence Detachment (Strategic), U.S. Army Reserve. Available via OSS, Inc., 11005 Langton Arms Court, Oakton, VA 22124-1807.

United States Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Warfare of the U.S. Armed Forces, Joint Pub 1, National Defense University Press, Ft. McNair, Washington,

D.C., 1991.

Journals and Periodicals

The Economist

, Subscription Department, P.O. Box 58510, Boulder, CO 80321-8510.

Jane’s Intelligence Review

, Jane’s Information Group, London.

Intelligence

, Electronic Newsletter, Oliver Schmidt, ed. For more information send e-mail to: .

CD-ROMs

Jane’s Information Group, Jane’s Executive Information System,

CD-ROM for PC, UNIX, NeXT and Macintosh, Jane’s, London, 1993.

Quanta Press, Inc.,

USA Wars: Desert Storm, CD-ROM for Macintosh, PC, 1992.

Software Toolworks, Inc., World Atlas, Version 3.0,

CD-ROM for the Macintosh, 1993.

Wayzata Technology, Wayzata World Factbook, incorporating the

CIA World Factbook, CD-ROM for Macintosh, PC or UNIX, 1993.

World Wide Web Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

NATIONAL

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT....USAID

(gopher://gopher.info.usaid.gov/1) The regional and country focus files give a good overview of economic and development issues plus an indication of US interests in the country.

ARMY COUNTRY HANDBOOKS

.... (http://lcweb.loc.gov/homepage/country.html) Everything you could ever want to know about Ethiopia, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, South Korea and Yugoslavia. Provides background material to country experts for the deployment. Unfortunately there are no maps or pictures, which really make the hard copy pubs useful.

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

..... (http://www.odci.gov/cia) The CIA Factbook is available on-line which can be useful. The intelligence reading list is interesting from a professional development standpoint.

CIA MAPS FROM THE UNIV OF TEXAS

.... (http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/Map_collection.html) This is a great site. All the 8X10 CIA Briefing Maps are available in .GIF format. Download the ones you need before you deploy since they are large files. Load them up into Harvard Graphics or PowerPoint. They make really great base maps (better than clip art or JMCIS) for briefs and staff papers.

CONGRESS - SEARCH LEGISLATION AND THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD....THOMAS

(http://thomas.loc.gov) Provides full text search capability for the Congressional Record and legislation. Can provide useful information if the issue gets to the floor of either house but unfortunately does not provide committee and subcommittee testimony which is of more frequent interest.

INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY

.... (http://www.odci.gov/ic) The mission statements are a good summary of what the various agencies provide, but not much else here. Interesting in the fact that it exists at all.

OSD PUBLIC AFFAIRS POLICY....DEFENSE ISSUES

(http://www.dtic.dla.mil/defenselink/pubs/di_index.html) These are major policy speeches and can serve as a useful source of unclassified information about an issue when dealing with foreign visitors especially.

OSD PUBLIC AFFAIRS SPEECHES AND PRESS RELEASES

.... (http://www.dtic.dla.mil/defenselink/news/#current) Provides OSD press briefings and releases searchable by key word. Especially valuable are the Background Briefings. These include background briefings attributable to a Senior Military Official on a variety of topics that provide some useful insights on the long range plans.

PRESIDENTIAL AND WHITE HOUSE STAFF - SEARCHABLE

.... (http://www1.ai.mit.edu/search/white-house-publications) Allows key word search of all presidential and executive office of the president personnel (Press secretary, National Security Adviser) speeches, releases and public letters. A great source for policy guidance and unclassified background material. This covers the entire Clinton Presidency.

STIMSON CENTER

(http://www.stimson.org/pub/stimson/stimson/resource.htm) Collection of policy papers and research material on confidence building measures, and chemical and nuclear weapons control.

STATE DEPARTMENT FOREIGN AFFAIRS NETWORK

.... (http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/dosfan.html) The Bosnia link provides full text of speeches, briefings and documents on the Balkans. The DOSFAN gopher can be searched by key word... e.g. search on "Cambodia" to get the US policy and an overview of the issues as seen by senior State Officials. The Regional Bureaus provide copies of congressional testimony and speeches by Under and Asst. Secretaries; the publications directory includes the full set of Human Rights Reports (a real gold mine of background information), economic reports and copies of DISPATCH the State Department weekly magazine for Foreign Service Officers with good info on foreign policy. DISPATCH is available as a text file or as a .PDF file (compressed image viewable with ADOBE ACROBAT which can be downloaded for free from the NY TIMES FAX page below).

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

ASIA STUDIES SERVER DIRECTORY

(http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-AsianStudies.html) Comprehensive collection of pointers to servers providing information on countries throughout Asia. A real gold mine.

CITY NET COUNTRY FILES

(http://www.city.net/regions) Another collection of pointers to servers addressing country and regional issues. They cover the entire world and are nicely organized providing basic background info and more sophisticated data.

COUNTRY COMPENDIUM FROM YAHOO

(http://www.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries) Another collection of pointers to country specific servers.

EAST ASIA STUDIES DIRECTORY

. (http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~felsing/ceal/welcome.html) Another collection of background information and pointers to servers providing information on East Asian countries.

EAST ASIA STUDIES UCSB

(http://www.library.ucsb.edu/eastasia.html) University of California at Santa Barbara maintains background information and set of pointers to other servers focused on Asia.

HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATION

Directory (gopher://gopher.humanrights.org:5000) Pointers to Human Rights Watch and other Human Rights organization servers which can provide useful background in developing countries. Good coverage of Indonesia, Cambodia etc.

INDIA HOMEPAGE

.... (http://www.eng.ua.edu/college/people/bdilbagh/india.html) A great collection of pointers to servers covering the subcontinent.

INT'L FEDERATION OF RED CROSS/RED CRESCENT SOCIETES

.... (http://www.ifrc.org) Good info on natural disasters. They have a disaster response handbook that is excellent and the lessons learned comparing Haiti, Rwanda and Somalia are valuable.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

.... (http://www.pitt.edu/~ian/ianres.html) Good source of academic studies.

JANE'S DEFENSE PUBLICATIONS

.... (http://www.janes.com/janes.html) Highlights of the Jane's Defense Publications series including selected articles and an archive of great pictures updated weekly. The pictures are useful for briefs.

MIDDLE EAST STUDIES DIRECTORY

(http://menic.utexas.edu/mes.html) A collection of pointers to servers covering the Middle East.

ONLINE INTELLIGENCE COUNTRY SERVERS

(http://www.icg.org/intelweb/index.html) A commercial operation which is doing many of the things that the Open Source Intelligence System is working on. Watch this server, it could become very useful.

RUSSIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES

(http://www.pitt.edu/~cjp/rees.html) Background and pointers to servers providing information on Russia and Eastern European Countries. The servers in Russia are interesting in what they provide.

UNITED NATIONS DOCUMENTS

.... (http://www.undp.org) The UNSCOM reports and other periodic reports to the Secretary General and Security Council are particularly useful. The UNSC resolutions are all available on the server. Other items of interest include UN daily highlights, Daily Journal and Press Releases.

NEWS

AP WIRE SERVICE

.... (http://www1.trib.com/NEWS/APwire.html) Top AP world, domestic, business and sports reports.

ASIAWEEK MAGAZINE

(http://pathfinder.com/@@zPjSezH0dwAAQF@B/Asiaweek/) Time-Warner's premiere weekly focused on Asian current events, politics, people and business. The search feature makes this a real gold mine when looking for background info.

CHINA NEWS DIGEST

.... (gopher://cnd.cnd.org:70/11/English-Menu) The Global edition provides an extensive compilation of news from and about China and Taiwan. Unfortunately no database of the CND that allows you to search by key word. Good to check as you steam by or have a Hong Kong port call.

CNN SEARCH TODAY'S NEWS

.... (http://www.cnn.com) Selected stories including pictures from Headline news. If your CNN reception drops on deployment this is a good way catch that hot story in toto that you are only getting bits of from the broadcast. Search feature is especially useful.

ELECTRONIC NEWS SEARCH

.... (http://www.enews.com) A directory to a wide range of foreign domestic press servers (not necessarily all in English)

HEADLINE NEWS OF INDIA

(http://www.genius.net/indolink/INDNews/index.html) Various newspapers from the subcontinent complementing the HINDU.

HINDU, THE

.... (http://www.webpage.com/hindu) Selected news and commentary from the leading newspaper of India. Usually one or two extensive military articles of particular interest each week.

INDONESIA NEWS AND POLICY MONTHLY

(http://www.newsindonesia.com) A monthly newsletter produced by the Indonesian Embassy in Washington disseminating news and government policy information.

NEW YORK TIMES...TEXT

(http://www.nytimes.com) In exchange for some demographic and marketing data (for now), you get access to the current days NY Times international, national and business news in text form vice selected articles in .PDF image form available via NY TIMESFAX service.

NEW YORK TIMESFAX

(http://nytimesfax.com) A daily 8 page news, business, sports and crossword puzzle extract from NYT. Files are about 100K and requires that you have ADOBE ACROBAT which can be downloaded (~1.5MByte) from the Times server.

NEWS FROM JAPAN

.... (http://www.asahi.com/english/english.html) ASAHI SHIMBUN is one of Japan's leading newspapers. Good information on the Japanese perspective and particularly on events in Southeast Asia that fail to make the editorial cut in the US.

NEWS FROM JAPAN

.... (http://www.smn.co.jp/menu.html) Selected news and commentary from SHIMA news in Japan. A different perspective.

NEWS FROM KOREA

.... (http://kimsoft.com/korea.htm) Selected news and commentary from Korea. The material on Kim Chong-il is very interesting, and provides an interesting perspective on how our allies view the world.

NEWS OF CAMBODIA

(http://www.jaring.my/at-asia/camb_at_asia/camb_times/ct_bklist.html) A Cambodian Daily published by the Malaysian Star Group.

NEWS OF MALAYSIA...STAR

(http://www.jaring.my/star) News from one of Malaysia's leading dailies. The current days major stories and the last week's issues are available for review including pictures.

NEWS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA

(news:misc.news.southasia) Provides news articles and discussion of news of, from and about Southeast Asia. Articles are from many of the leading newspapers and magazines world wide.

NEWS OF SRI LANKA

(http://www-math.bgsu.edu/~mabhaya/info.html) Background information and pointers to various news sources on Sri Lanka from South Asia and around the world.

NEWS PROSPECTS FOR THE COMING WEEK FROM THE BBC

.... (http://www.bbcnc.org.uk/worldservice/caversham/index.html) A weekly compendium of VIP travel and conferences where the news will be generated.

OPEN MEDIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE (RADIO FREE EUROPE)

Daily Reports....SEARCHABLE (http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/friends/news/rferl/master.html) Search by key word the last three years of RFE/OMRI Daily Reports.

OPEN MEDIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE (RADIO FREE EUROPE) (

http://omri.cz/index.html) OMRI DAILY REPORTS covering the news from Russia and Eastern Europe are available plus selected articles from TRANSITIONS their weekly magazine providing in depth analysis and opinion on events within the former Warsaw Pact countries. Especially good coverage of the Russian elections.

THAILAND, LAOS, BURMA AND CAMBODIA NEWS ARCHIVES

... (http://www.nectec.or.th/soc.culture.thai/archives.html) Archives of the soc.culture.thai, Laos, Burma and Cambodia newsgroups. While there is lots of garbage there are also lots of news reports from Reuters, AP, Asahi News, Bangkok Post, LA Times NY Times and Wall Street Journal that people have downloaded and posted (illegally no doubt). Good Stuff to look at as you transit the SCS.

TIME - SEARCH LAST YEAR'S MAGAZINES

.... (http://pathfinder.com/@@itSeShHOMQAAQJNS/time) Over a year's worth of TIME magazine articles are in a WAIS database that you can search by key word. TIME DAILY provides high interest current news stories. Good source of background on an emergent issue.

TIMES OF LONDON

(http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/home.html?1051298) Great coverage of UK, EU and former Commonwealth countries.

VOICE OF AMERICA REPORTS

.... (gopher://gopher.voa.gov:70/11/newswire) The last seven days of VOA stories covering the world and the US are available. VOA was reporting on the civil unrest in Bahrain months before it was picked up in the national media and more candidly that in the intelligence products. Coverage of events in smaller countries is great.

MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS & STRATEGY

ACADEMIC DEFENSE RESOURCE

.... (gopher://gopher.nato.int/11/secdef) A collection of pointers to national, academic and think tank servers on defense issues.

CHINESE NAVY

.... (http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~wen/plan.html) A privately maintained site with good background information of the PLAN from open sources and great collection of pictures.

DEFENSE MAPPING AGENCY....MAPS 'R US

(http://www.dma.gov) Excellent on-line access to all the gazetteers in the world!!! Links to other MC&G servers and geographic information systems and descriptions of DMA products.

INFORMATION WARFARE INSTITUTE

.... (http://www.psycom.net/iwar.1.html) A description of information warfare as an emerging discipline with pointers to military, agency and academic material on the subject. A good introduction to the field but not "tactical".

MILITARY SCIENCE RESOURCE

.... (gopher://ukoln.bath.ac.uk:7070/11/Link/Tree/War) Another collection of pointers to national, academic and think tank servers on defense issues.

NAVAL AVIATION SERVER COLLECTION

(http://webcom.com/~amraam/vulrow.html) A collection of pointers to a growing collection of servers devoted to all aspects of Naval Aviation. Great collection of images.

NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY

.... (http://www.ndu.edu/cgi-bin/wais.pl) NDU and its Institutes and Colleges provide a wide range of National Security Strategy, Military Strategy and Foreign Affairs studies and reports. The Strategic Forum articles are short and topical. The C2WC may be interested in some of the Advanced Concepts papers on Information Warfare - these are good for staff training but tend not to address the tactical issues C2WC deals with daily. The publications are in a WAIS database so you can search via key word.

NATO INFORMATION RESOURCES

.... (gopher://gopher.nato.int/11/natodata) NATO review articles on Bosnia are good. There are also a number of strategy articles on the former USSR and peacekeeping operations such as UNTAC in Cambodia from an Australian perspective which are good.

NAVY SERVERS

.... (http://www.navy.mil) Pointers to Navy servers of all types. Tends to be heavy on the research labs and engineering centers as you might expect. The Public Affairs servers has a searchable database of Navy News reports going back several years which the PAO can occasionally find useful.

USCINCPAC

.... (http://www.pacom.mil) The WGS-84 Transition Primer and a review of the theaters Cooperative Engagement strategy are presented. Access to unclassified exercise information is restricted.

SEARCH ENGINES

These sites provide the ability to search various databases by key word. Construct a tight search criteria to avoid being overwhelmed. They all have guidance on how to use

AND and NOT modifiers to narrow the search. Results are usually presented with the highest "quality" sites at the top of the list.

EXCITE

Search engine (http://www.excite.com)

LYCOS

(http://lycos.cs.cmu.edu)

MCKINLEY

(http://www.mckinley.com)

SEARCH ENGINE COLLECTION

(http://www-scf.usc.edu/~coste/searchingtools.html)

W3 CATALOG

(http://cuiwww.unige.ch/w3catalog)

WEBCRAWLER

(http://webcrawler.com)

WORLD WIDE WEB WORM

(http://guano.cs.colorado.edu/home/mcbryan/WWWW.html)