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The draft was viewed as unequal because the working class man’s only choice was to go to war, while the wealthy men would go to college or enlist in the National Guard. By the end of the 1960’s the nation was fed up with the war, and they were angry with how the war itself was being carried out. What was one criticism of the draft during the Vietnam war?What was one criticism of the Vietnam-era draft system? It disproportionately affected working class young men and African Americans. What were the exceptions to the draft during Vietnam?1. Be a Conscientious Objector. Jehovah’s Witnesses, Mennonites, the Amish, and Quakers are all considered Peace Churches who are opposed to any kind of military service. They were allowed to serve in other ways, however, but in a civilian capacity. Was there a draft for World war 2?On September 16, 1940, the United States instituted the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, which required all men between the ages of 21 and 45 to register for the draft. This was the first peacetime draft in United States’ history. How did the draft affect the Vietnam War?The military draft brought the war to the American home front. During the Vietnam War era, between 1964 and 1973, the U.S. military drafted 2.2 million American men out of an eligible pool of 27 million. Ironically, as the draft continued to fuel the war effort, it also intensified the antiwar cause. When did the draft start for the Vietnam War?The Draft in Context The military draft brought the war to the American home front. During the Vietnam War era, between 1964 and 1973, the U.S. military drafted 2.2 million American men out of an eligible pool of 27 million. What are the arguments for and against the military draft?These propositions have been met by mostly negative reactions by the American public who deem a military draft as a violation of their civil liberties. However, the US faces multiple wars and increasing threats from hostile nations leading to a high demand for a bigger army. Why did people protest the draft in Vietnam?When a draft-by-lottery system was put in place, youth protested, not only for their personal inconvenience, disruption of education plans, etc., but because they were not sympathetic to the notion that the U.S. should be a “police force” in the world, nor that the Vietnamese people wanted to be “saved.” How did the draft affect the antiwar movement?Ironically, as the draft continued to fuel the war effort, it also intensified the antiwar cause. Although the Selective Service’s deferment system meant that men of lower socioeconomic standing were most likely to be sent to the front lines, no one was completely safe from the draft. On August 7th 1964 the United States Congress passed into law the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which, for all intents and purposes, officially brought the United States into the Vietnam War. Following this resolution, a draft was instated to increase the number of men that could be sent to war. Shortly after men started to be signed into conscription for the United States Military, a public outcry started over the use of a draft to increase military size. The draft was found to be unfair to American Citizens because certain groups of men were severely disadvantaged, the draft was illegal in many ways, and veteran’s future lives were harmed, among other reasons. Among the men that were conscripted into the supposedly random draft, certain groups of men were found to have been more likely to be called into service. Using statistical analysis it was found that "A box plot of the data by months confirms the pattern: those born in the second half of the year tend to receive lower lottery numbers." (Starr 1) The pattern that Star is referring to shows that, when a line is drawn using the mean values of the lottery number that men received over the course of twelve months, the line decreased over the time span. When Starr says that men with later birthdays receive a lower lottery number, he is basically pointing out that those men are called into service before the men with earlier birthdays. Had this been a truly random lottery, the data should have shown an equal distribution of lower and higher numbers between all of the days of the year. Not only did the draft discriminate against certain groups, the legality of it has been challenged numerous times. Under United States draft law, certain guidelines must be followed to allow men to be... ... middle of paper ... .../recent_news/chance_news_6.10.html#draftlottery>. Schecter, Arnold, et al. "Recent Dioxin Contamination From Agent Orange in Residents of a Southern Vietnam City." FFRD. N.p., May 2011. . Rpt. in JOEM. Vol. 43. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. 5. FFRD. Web. 3 Apr. 2011. Starr, Nortan. "Nonrandom Risk: The 1970 Draft Lottery Norton Starr ." Journal of Statistics Education. N.p., 1997. Web. 3 Apr. 2011. . Starr, Norton. "1970 Draft Lottery Data." University of Hong Kong, Economics Department. N.p., 21 Sept. 1998. Web. 4 Apr. 2011. "Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam." Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam. N.p., 1994. Web. 3 Apr. 2011. .
If you're looking for tips on how to shirk military service, you're about 40-some years too late. And if you're looking to dodge a draft, you are also probably not our target audience. For those unfamiliar with their civic duty, US law says all male citizens of the United States and male immigrants (and bizarrely, illegal immigrants, too) have to register for the Selective Service System (SSS — aka "The Draft") within 30 days of their 18th birthday. You are not joining the military but registering with the government to be available in a time where a draft would be necessary. The US first started drafting civilians during the Civil War. Back then, rich men had many other options open to them avoiding Civil War service. To dodge the Civil War draft, people could pay a less wealthy person to take their place in the draft, pay a crooked doctor to give them a bad health exam, or outright bribe draft officials. The modern Selective Service system was established to raise an army to fight in Europe during World War I. It was used again from 1940-47 to raise troops to fight World War II, and then again to meet the needs for the Korean War. Between the end of WWII and the Korean War, men could just be drafted to serve, regardless of the demands of a national emergency.
After Vietnam, President Gerald Ford abolished the draft entirely in 1975 but President Jimmy Carter established the draft system in place today as a response to the potential threat posed by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. President Richard Nixon established a draft lottery in 1969 but stopped drafting military-age males in 1973 when the US military became an all-volunteer force, but not before an estimated half-million people avoided conscription. There were two kinds of methods to avoid being drafted when you number was called: illegal and legal. There were a few laws in place relevant to Selective Service meant to keep necessary men in their homes and with their families. Purposely pursuing a legal waiver or deferment for any reason is draft avoidance. Those who could not meet the criteria for legal would mitigate their responsibilities by illegal means, this is called draft evasion or more popularly known as "draft dodging." Those who received deferments (especially politicians and other people who like to closely associate themselves with the military) will fervently argue there is a distinct difference. Here are 11 ways people beat the draft in the 1970s. |
Why was the draft system used in Vietnam considered unfair?
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