(ii) nature of the solvent ((intermolecular forces) (iii) temperature (solubility curves) (i) Using less than the tabulated mass of solute in 100 mL water results in an unsaturated solution. (ii) Using the same, or greater, mass of solute than that tabulated in 100 mL of water results in a saturated solution. (i) mass of solute in grams per 100 mL of water (w/v % or m/v concentration) (ii) mass of solute in grams per 100 g of water (weight ratio percentage concentration, or, mass ratio percentage concentration) Water is a commonly used solvent, so it is very useful to construct a table of solubilities based on the mass of a solute that will dissolve in a given volume of water. Solubility tables (tables of solubility) usually tabulate the maximum mass in grams of the solute that can be dissolved in 100 mL of water. This data in the table is relevant only to the temperature given for the table. Commonly, solubility data is given for 25°C.
A solute is usually considered to be soluble in water if more than 1.0 g can be dissolved in 100 mL of water. A solute is usually considered to be insoluble in water if less than 0.1 g can be dissolved in 100 mL of water. It is important to note that "insoluble" does NOT necessarily mean that the solute cannot be dissolved, it only means that an extremely small amount of the solute can be dissolved in the solvent. A solute is usually considered to be slightly soluble, or sparingly soluble, in water if between 0.1 and 1.0 g can be dissolved in 100 mL of water. The solubility table below gives the maximum mass of solute in grams that can be dissolved in 100 mL of water at 25°C.
Sodium chloride, NaCl, is a soluble salt. From the solubility table above we see that the solubility of sodium chloride is 36 g/100 mL water at 25°C.
Do you know this? Join AUS-e-TUTE! Play the game now! Question 1: A student has been given 250 mL of water at 25°C and needs to add enough calcium hydroxide to make a saturated solution. The solubility of calcium hydroxide at 25°C is 0.12 g/100 mL water. What is the minimum mass, in grams, of calcium hydroxide that the student must add to the water? Response: What is the question asking you to do?
What information have you been given in the question?
What is the relationship between what you have been given and what you need to find out?
Perform the calculation
Is your answer plausible?
State your solution to the problem.
Do you understand this? Join AUS-e-TUTE! Take the test now! Question 2: A student adds 0.01 g of solid iodine to 20 mL of water at 25°C. The solubility of iodine is 0.03 g/100 mL water at 25°C. How much iodine, in grams, should precipitate out of the solution? Response: What is the question asking you to do?
What information have you been given in the question?
What is the relationship between what you have been given and what you need to find out?
Step 1: Calculate mass of iodine that dissolves
Step 2: Calculate mass of iodine that does not dissolve
Is your answer plausible?
State your solution to the problem.
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