Chapter 11 Managing individual differences and behavior
The Big Five Personality Dimensions are
(1) extroversion, (2) agreeableness, (3) conscientiousness, (4) emotional stability, and (5) openness to experience.
How outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive a person is.
How trusting, good-natured, cooperative, and soft-hearted one is.
How dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, and persistent one is.
How relaxed, secure, and unworried one is.
How intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded one is.
Self-efficacy: I can/can't do this task
is the belief in one's personal ability to do a task. This is about your personal belief that you have what it takes to succeed.
represents a broad personality trait comprising four positive individual traits: (1) self-efficacy, (2) self-esteem, (3) locus of control, and (4) emotional stability. Managers need to be aware of these personality traits so as to understand workplace beh
self-esteem: I like/Dislike myself
the extent to which people like or dislike themselves, their overall self-evaluation
Locus of Control: "I Am/Am Not the Captain of My Fate
ndicates how much people believe they control their fate through their own efforts.
Emotional Stability: "I'm Fairly Secure/Insecure When Working Under Pressure
Emotional stability is the extent to which people feel secure and unworried and how likely they are to experience negative emotions under pressure.
emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor your and others' feelings and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions.
organizational behavior (OB)
which is dedicated to better understanding and management of people at work.
are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.
The Three Components of Attitudes:
Affective, Cognitive, & Behavioral
I feel." The affective component of an attitude consists of the feelings or emotions one has about a situation.
I believe." The cognitive component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation.
I intend." The behavioral component of an attitude, also known as the intentional component, refers to how one intends or expects to behave toward a situation.
to describe the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior
their actions and judgments.
The Four Steps in the Perceptual Process
is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.
Interpretation & Evaluation
What was it i noticed & what does it mean?
Remember it as an event, concept, person, or all three?
Retrieving from memory to make judgments & decisions
What do i recall about it?
Four Distortions in Perception
1) stereotyping, (2) the halo effect, (3) the recency effect, and (4) causal attribution.
is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs.39
, in which we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.
is the activity of inferring causes for observed behavior.
The self-fulfilling prophecy
also known as the Pygmalion ("pig-mail-yun") effect, describes the phenomenon in which people's expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.
, defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
is the extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work.
Organizational commitment
reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.
Important Workplace Behaviors
(1) performance and productivity, (2) absenteeism and turnover, (3) organizational citizenship behaviors, and (4) counterproductive work behaviors.
represents all the ways people are unlike and alike�the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.
the metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive
working at jobs that require less education than they have
1. stereotypes and prejudices2. fear of reverse discrimination3. resistances to diversity program priorities4. unsupportive social atmosphere5. lack of support for family demands 6. lack of support for career-building steps
the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain in their ability to handle them effectively
people who are involved in a chronics, determined struggle to accomplish more in less time
The state of emotional,mental, and even physical exhaustion-call in sick- miss deadlines-take longer lunch breaks -indifference to performance
are sets of behaviors that people expect of occupants of a position.
I'm going to buy a Ford to support the U.S. auto industry" is an example of which component of attitude?a) behavioralb) affectivec) actionabled) cognitive e) value
a) The behavioral component of an attitude, also known as the intentional component, refers to how one intends or expects to behave toward a situation.
Empathy and organizational intuition are a part of which emotional intelligence (EI) trait?a) self-monitoringb) self-managementc) self-awarenessd) relationship management e) social awareness
e) social awareness
When much of her work was automated with a new computerized system, Brittany became unsure of her ability to do her job. Sara, her boss, has been mentoring her to improve her __________.a) self-efficacyb) agreeablenessc) conscientiousness d) learned he
a) Self-efficacy is a belief in one's personal ability to do a task. It's about your personal belief that you have what it takes to succeed. Employees' expectations can be improved through guided experiences, mentoring, and role modeling.
Jason is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment; he has a(n) ______ personality.a) proactiveb) reactivec) introvertedd) agreeable e) extroverted
a) Someone who has a proactive personality is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment. Research reveals that proactive people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, committed to their employer, and produce more work than
Since Frank believes that external forces control him, he may do best in a highly structured job that requires greater compliance. This is an example of _________.a) high self-efficacyb) low self-monitoringc) high self-esteemd) low self-esteem e) an e
e) Locus of control indicates how much people believe they control their fate through their own efforts. If you have an external locus of control, you believe external forces control you. Employees with external locus of control might do better in highly
_________ is (are) defined as those stable psychological and behavioral attributes that give you your identity.a) Attitudeb) Personalityc) Characterd) Values e) Individual behavior
b) Personality consists of the stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity. As a manager, you need to understand personality attributes because they affect how people perceive and act within the organizatio
Low self-efficacy is associated with learned helplessness, the debilitating lack of faith in one's ability to control one's environment.
True
A self-fulfilling prophecy is also known as __________.a) learned helplessnessb) burnoutc) selective perceptiond) the Pygmalion effect e) causal attribution
d) The Pygmalion effect, also known as self-fulfilling prophecy, describes the phenomenon in which people's expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true.
Compensation, recognition, and status are common ______ in the workplace.a) attitudesb) valuesc) normsd) perceptions e) structures
b) From a manager's point of view, it's helpful to know that values are those concepts, principles, things, people, or activities for which a person is willing to work hard, and even make sacrifices. Compensation, recognition, and status are common values
The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is called _________.a) Selective perceptionb) the halo effectc) stereotypingd) Fundamental attribution bias e) self-serv
d) Fundamental attribution bias |