What is the magnitude of the force in Newtons?

Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

1 N and above
External links

Examples of force.

The following list shows different orders of magnitude of force.

Since weight under gravity is a force, several of these examples refer to the weight of various objects. Unless otherwise stated, these are weights under average Earth gravity at sea level.

Below 1 N

Factor (N)	Value	Item
10−47	3.6×10−17 qN	Gravitational attraction of the proton and the electron in hydrogen atom[1]
10−30 quectonewton (qN)	8.9 qN	Weight of an electron[1]
10−26 rontonewton (rN)	16 rN	Weight of a hydrogen atom[1]
10−24 yoctonewton (yN)	5 yN	Force necessary to synchronize the motion of a single trapped ion with an external signal measured in a 2010 experiment[2][3]
10−22	170 yN	Force measured in a 2010 experiment by perturbing 60 beryllium-9 ions[4][5]
10−15 femtonewton (fN)
10−14	~10 fN	Brownian motion force on an E. coli bacterium averaged over 1 second[6]
~10 fN	Weight of an E. coli bacterium[7][8]
10−13	~100 fN	Force to stretch double-stranded DNA to 50% relative extension[6]
10−12 piconewton (pN)	~4 pN	Force to break a hydrogen bond[6]
~5 pN	Maximum force of a molecular motor[6]
10−11
10−10	~160 pN	Force to break a typical noncovalent bond[6]
10−9 nanonewton (nN)	~1.6 nN	Force to break a typical covalent bond[6]
10−8	8.2×10−8 N	Force on an electron in a hydrogen atom[1]
10−7	2×10−7 N	Force between two 1 meter long conductors, 1 meter apart by an outdated definition of one ampere
10−6 micronewton (μN)	1–150 μN	Output of FEEP ion thrusters used in NASA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna[9]
10−4
10−3 millinewton (mN)
10−2	19-92 mN	Thrust of the NSTAR ion engine tested on NASA's space probe Deep Space 1[10]
10−1

1 N and above

Magnitude	Value	Item
1 N	1.4 N	The weight of a smartphone[11][12]
2.5 N	Typical thrust of a Dual-Stage 4-Grid ion thruster.
10 N	9.8 N	One kilogram-force, nominal weight of a 1 kg object at sea level on Earth[13]
	50 N	Average force to break the shell of chicken eggs of young hens[14]
102 N	720 N	Average force of human bite, measured at molars[15]
5 kN	The force applied by the engine of a small car during peak acceleration[citation needed]
103 N kilonewton (kN)	8 kN	The maximum force achieved by weight lifters during a 'clean and jerk' lift[16] (During the clean part)
9 kN	The bite force of one adult American alligator[17]
104 N	16.5 kN	The bite force of a 5.2m Saltwater Crocodile[18]
18 kN	The estimated bite force of a 6.1m adult great white shark[19]
25 kN	Approximate force applied by the motors of a Tesla Model S during maximal acceleration[20]
25.5 to 34.5 kN	The estimated bite force of a large 6.7m adult Saltwater Crocodile[21]
105 N	100 kN	The average force applied by seatbelt and airbag to a restrained passenger in a car which hits a stationary barrier at 100 km/h[22]
569 kN	Maximum thrust of a large turbofan engine (General Electric GE90)
890 kN	Maximum pulling force (tractive effort) of a single large diesel-electric locomotive[1]
106 N meganewton (MN)	1.8 MN	Thrust of Space Shuttle Main Engine at lift-off[23][24][25]
1.9 MN	Weight of the largest Blue Whale[1]
107 N	35 MN	Thrust of Saturn V rocket at lift-off[26]
108 N	570 MN	Simplistic estimate of force of sunlight on Earth[27]
109 N giganewton (GN)
1020 N	2.0×1020 N	Gravitational attraction between Earth and Moon[28]
1022 N	3.5×1022 N	Gravitational attraction between Earth and Sun[29]

Notes

^ a b c d e f Hugh D. Young, University Physics 4th Ed, 1992, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co, Inc.
^ Knünz, S.; Herrmann, M.; Batteiger, V.; Saathoff, G.; Hänsch, T.; Vahala, K.; Udem, T. (2010). "Injection Locking of a Trapped-Ion Phonon Laser" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 105 (1): 013004. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.105a3004K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.013004. PMID 20867440.
^ "Single atoms for detecting extremely weak forces". Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics. Archived from the original on 2010-08-26. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
^ Brumfiel, G. (2010). "Scientists measure atomic nudge". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.187.
^ M. J. Biercuk; H. Uys; J. W. Britton; A. P. VanDevender; J. J. Bollinger (9 Apr 2010). "Ultrasensitive detection of force and displacement using trapped ions". Nature Nanotechnology. 5 (9): 646–650. arXiv:1004.0780. Bibcode:2010NatNa...5..646B. doi:10.1038/NNANO.2010.165. PMID 20729835. S2CID 119244588. detection of forces as small as 174 yN
^ a b c d e f "Forces involved at the biological level". PicoTwist. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
^ "E. coli Statistics". The CyberCell Database. Archived from the original on 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
^ Calculated: weight = mass * g = 1e-15 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 = 1e-14 N
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2009-01-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "NSTAR Ion Thruster". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 January 2003. Retrieved 9 January 2012. thrust from 19 mN to 92 mN
^ "How Much Does Your Smartphone Really Weigh?".
^ https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3097/fs2006-3097.pdf[bare URL PDF]
^ "Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically". NIST Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
^ Damme, Klaus (2020). Geflügeljahrbuch 2021. Stuttgart, Germany: Eugen Ulmer KG. pp. 262–281. ISBN 978-3-8186-1186-6.
^ Houston T E, Bite Force and Bite Pressure: Comparisons of Humans and Dogs, 2003 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-01-24. Retrieved 2016-02-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ The Human Machine By R. McNeill Alexander, Mark Iley, Sally Alexander
^ Erickson, G. M.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A. (2003). "The ontogeny of bite-force performance in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 260 (3): 317. doi:10.1017/S0952836903003819. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-07. 9452 N
^ "Crocodiles Have Strongest Bite Ever Measured, Hands-on Tests Show". Retrieved 15 March 2012. The "winners"—saltwater crocodiles—slammed their jaws shut with 3,700 pounds per square inch (psi), or 16,460 newtons, of bite force.
^ "Great White Tops List of Hardest-Biting Sharks". Discovery News. Discovery Channel. Retrieved 21 January 2012. a bite force of 9,320 Newton at the tip of its jaws and 18,216 N at the back of its jaws
^ Calculated from maximum acceleration of 1.22 g and kerb mass 2050 kg.
^ Erickson, Gregory M.; Gignac, Paul M.; Steppan, Scott J.; Lappin, A. Kristopher; Vliet, Kent A.; Brueggen, John D.; Inouye, Brian D.; Kledzik, David; Webb, Grahame J. W. (2012). "Insights into the Ecology and Evolutionary Success of Crocodilians Revealed through Bite-Force and Tooth-Pressure Experimentation". PLOS ONE. 7 (3): e31781. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731781E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781. PMC 3303775. PMID 22431965. scientifically documented 6.7-meter long Crocodylus porosus individuals were likely capable of molariform bite forces of approximately 27,531 N to 34,424 N (6,187 to 7,736 lbs).
^ Lawrence Weinstein and John A. Adams, Guesstimation, 2008, Section 6.3.1
^ "Space Shuttle Main Engine". Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2013. 109% power level at sea level: 418,000 lb
^ Wade, Mark. "SSME". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on June 26, 2002. Retrieved 27 October 2011. Launches normally used 104% ... as a maximum
^ Calculated: 418000 lbf * 4.45 N/lbf * (104% launch power level / 109%) = 1.77e6 N.
^ "What Was the Saturn V?". NASA. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2012. The rocket generated 34.5 million newtons ... of thrust at launch
^ 1.63 x 10−14 x gravitational attraction between Earth and Sun, assuming total absorption of sunlight Sunlight Exerts Pressure, NASA Glenn LTP Math & Science Resources
^ "The Earth-Moon Equations". Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
^ NASA.gov