What is a rapid response team in a hospital

Bagshaw SM, Mondor EE, Scouten C et al. (2010) A survey of nurses’ beliefs about the medical emergency team system in a Canadian tertiary hospital. Am J Crit Care, 19: 74-83.

Bell MB, Konrad D, Granath F et al. (2006) Prevalence and sensitivity of MET-criteria in a Scandinavian University Hospital. Resuscitation, 70: 66-73.

Bellomo R, Ackerman M, Bailey M et al. (2006) A controlled trial of electronic automated advisory vital signs monitoring in general hospital wards. Crit Care Med, 40: 2349-61.

Bellomo R, Goldsmith D, Uchino S et al. (2003) A prospective before-and-after trial of a medical emergency team. Med J Aust, 179: 283-7.

Brennan TA, Localio AR, Leape LL et al. (1990) Identification of adverse events occurring during hospitalization. A cross-sectional study of litigation, quality assurance, and medical records at two teaching hospitals. Ann Intern Med, 12: 221-6.

Brown C, Drosdowskyy A, Krishnasamy M (2017) An exploration of medical emergency team intervention at the end of life for people with advanced cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 31: 77-83.

Buist M, Bellomo R (2004) MET: the emergency medical team or the medical education team?  Crit Care Resus, 6: 88-91.

Buist M, Harrison J, Abaloz E et al. (2007) Six year audit of cardiac arrests and medical emergency team calls in an Australian outer metropolitan teaching hospital. BMJ, 335: 1210-2.

Buist, MD, Jarmolowski E, Burton PR et al. (1999) Recognising clinical instability in hospital patients before cardiac arrest or unplanned admission to intensive care. A pilot study in a tertiary-care hospital. Med J Aust, 171: 22-5.

Chan PS, Jain R, Brahmajee K et al. (2010) Rapid response teams: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med, 170: 18-26.

Chen J, Bellomo R, Flabouris A et al; MERIT Study Investigators for the Simpson

Centre; ANZICS Clinical Trials Group (2009) The relationship between early emergency team calls and serious adverse events. Crit Care Med, 37: 148-53.

Chen J, Bellomo R, Flabouris A et al. (2015) Delayed emergency team calls and associated hospital mortality: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med, 43: 2059-65.

Chen J, Flabouris A, Bellomo R et al. (2008) The medical emergency team system and not-for resuscitation orders: results from the MERIT study. Resuscitation, 79: 391-7.

Chen J, Ou L, Hillman K (2014) The impact of implementing a rapid response system: A comparison of cardiopulmonary arrests and mortality among four teaching hospitals in Australia. Resuscitation, 85: 1275-81.

Cretikos M, Bellomo R, Hillman K et al. (2008) Respiratory rate: the neglected vital sign. MJA, 188: 657–9.

Cretikos M, Chen J, Hillman K et al.; MERIT study investigators. (2007) The objective medical emergency team activation criteria: a case-control study. Resuscitation, 73: 62-72. 

Davis P, Lay-Yee R, Briant R et al. (2002) Adverse events in New Zealand public hospitals I: occurrence and impact. N Z Med J, 115: U271.

DeVita M (2005) Medical emergency teams: deciphering clues to crises in hospitals. Crit Care, 9: 325-6.

DeVita MA, Bellomo R, Hillman K et al. (2006) Findings of the first consensus conference on medical emergency teams. Crit Care Med, 34: 2463-78.

DeVita MA, Hillman K (2006) Potential sociological and political barriers to medical emergency team implementation. In: DeVita MA, Hillman K, Bellomo R, eds. Medical emergency teams. Implementation and outcome measurement. New York: Springer Science and Business Media, pp. 91-103.

England K, Bion JF (2008) Introduction of medical emergency teams in Australia and New Zealand: a multicentre study. Crit Care, 12: 151.

Foraida MI, DeVita MA, Braithwaite RS et al. (2003) Improving the utilization of medical crisis teams (Condition C) at an urban tertiary care hospital. J Crit Care, 18: 87-94.

Franklin C, Mathew J (1994) Developing strategies to prevent in hospital cardiac arrest: analyzing responses of physicians and nurses in the hours before the event. Crit Care Med, 22: 244-7.

Gao H, McDonnell A, Harrison DA et al. (2007) Systematic review and evaluation of physiological track and trigger warning systems for identifying at-risk patients on the ward. Intensive Care Med, 33: 667-9.

Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M et al; MERIT study investigators (2005) Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 365: 2091-7.

Hodgetts TJ, Kenward G, Vlackonikolis I et al. (2002) Incidence, location and reasons for avoidable in-hospital cardiac arrest in a district general hospital. Resuscitation, 54: 115-23.

Jones D, Bates S, Warrillow S et al. (2005) Long term effect of a medical emergency team on cardiac arrests in a teaching hospital. Critical Care, 9: R808-15.

Jones D, Bellomo R, DeVita MA (2009) Effectiveness of the medical emergency team: the importance of dose. Crit Care, 13: 313.

Jones D, Duke G, Green J et al. (2006) Medical emergency team syndromes and an approach to their management. Critical Care, 10: R30.

Jones D, Opdam H, Egi M et al. (2007) Long-term effect of a medical emergency team on mortality in a teaching hospital. Resuscitation, 74: 235-41.

Jones DA, Baldwin I, McIntyre T et al. (2006) Nurses’ attitudes to a medical emergency team service in a teaching hospital. Qual Saf Health Care, 15: 427-32.

Leuvan CH, Mitchell I (2008) Missed opportunities? An observational study of vital sign measurements. Crit Care Resusc, 10: 111-5.

Loekito E, Bailey J, Bellomo R (2013) Common laboratory tests predict imminent death in ward patients. Resuscitation, 84: 280-5.

Ludikhuize J, Brunsveld-Reinders AH, Dijkgraaf MG et al. (2015) Outcomes associated with the nationwide introduction of rapid response systems in The Netherlands. Crit Care Med, 43(12): 2544-51.

Maharaj R, Raffaele I, Wendon J (2015) Rapid response systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care, 19: 254.

McGaughey J, Alderdice F, Fowler R et al. (2007) Outreach and early warning systems (EWS) for the prevention of intensive care admission and death of critically ill adult patients on general hospital wards. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (3): CD005529.

McQuillan P, Pilkington S, Allan A et al. (1998) Confidential inquiry into quality of care before admission to intensive care. BMJ, 316: 1853-8.

Sebat F, Musthafa AA, Johnson D et al. (2007) Effect of a rapid response system for patients in shock on time to treatment and mortality during 5 years. Crit Care Med, 35: 2568-75.

Sharek PJ, Parast LM, Leong K et al. (2007) Effect of a rapid response team on hospital-wide mortality and code rates outside the ICU in a children's hospital. JAMA, 298(19): 2267-74.

Steel AC, Reynolds SF (2008) The growth of Rapid Response Systems. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 34: 489-95.

Subbe CP, Duller B, Bellomo R (2017) Effect of an automated notification system for deteriorating ward patients on clinical outcomes. Crit Care, 21: 52.

Tan LH, Delaney A (2014) Medical emergency teams and end of life care: a systematic review. Crit Care Resusc, 16: 62-8.

Thomas EJ, Studdert DM, Burstin HR et al. (2000) Incidence and types of adverse events and negligent care in Utah and Colorado. Med Care, 38: 261-71.

Wilson RM, Harrison BT, Gibberd RW et al. (1999) An analysis of the causes of adverse events from the Quality in Australian Health Care Study. Med J Aust, 170: 411-5.

Wilson RM, Runciman WB, Gibberd RW et al. (1995) The Quality in Australian Health Care Study. Med J Aust, 163: 458-71.

Winters BD, Pham J, Pronovost PJ (2006) Rapid response teams – walk don’t run. JAMA, 296: 1645-7. 

1. Jones DA, DeVita MA, Bellomo R. Rapid-response teams. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:139.

   CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

2. Schein RM, Hazday N, Pena M, et al. Clinical antecedents to in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Chest. 1990;98:1388.

   CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

3. Kause J, Smith G, Prytherch D, et al. A comparison of antecedents to cardiac arrests, deaths and emergency intensive care admissions in Australia and New Zealand, and the United Kingdom--the ACADEMIA study. Resuscitation. 2004;62:275.

   Article  Google Scholar 

4. Devita MA, Bellomo R, Hillman K, et al. Findings of the first consensus conference on medical emergency teams. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:2463.

   Article  Google Scholar 

5. Bellomo R, Goldsmith D, Uchino S, Buckmaster J, Hart GK, Opdam H, Silvester W, Doolan L, Gutteridge G. A prospective before-and-after trial of a medical emergency team. Med J Aust. 2003;179(6):283–8.

   Article  Google Scholar 

6. Priestley G, Watson W, Rashidian A, Mozley C, Russell D, Wilson J, Cope J, Hart D, Kay D, Cowley K, Pateraki J. Introducing critical care outreach: a ward-randomised trial of phased introduction in a general hospital. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(7):1398–404.

   Article  Google Scholar 

7. Bristow PJ, Hillman KM, Chey T, Daffurn K, Jacques TC, Norman SL, Bishop GF, Simmons EG. Rates of in-hospital arrests, deaths and intensive care admissions: the effect of a medical emergency team. Med J Aust. 2000;173(5):236–40.

   CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

8. Bellomo R, Goldsmith D, Uchino S, Buckmaster J, Hart G, Opdam H, Silvester W, Doolan L, Gutteridge G. Prospective controlled trial of effect of medical emergency team on postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(4):916–21.

   Article  Google Scholar 

9. Chan PS, Khalid A, Longmore LS, Berg RA, Kosiborod M, Spertus JA. Hospital-wide code rates and mortality before and after implementation of a rapid response team. Jama. 2008;300(21):2506–13.

   CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

10. Maharaj R, Raffaele I, Wendon J. Rapid response systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

11. Jones D, Baldwin I, McIntyre T, Story D, Mercer I, Miglic A, Goldsmith D, Bellomo R. Nurses’ attitudes to a medical emergency team service in a teaching hospital. BMJ Qual Saf. 2006;15(6):427–32.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

12. Bagshaw SM, Mondor EE, Scouten C, Montgomery C, Slater-MacLean L, Jones DA, Bellomo R, Gibney RN, Capital Health Medical Emergency Team Investigators. A survey of nurses’ beliefs about the medical emergency team system in a Canadian tertiary hospital. Am J Crit Care. 2010;19(1):74–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

13. Berwick DM, Calkins DR, McCannon CJ, Hackbarth AD. The 100 000 lives campaign: setting a goal and a deadline for improving health care quality. Jama. 2006;295(3):324–7.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

14. Day V, Expert group. Comprehensive critical care: a review of adult critical care services. London: Department of Health; 2000.

15. O'Rourke M. The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care agenda for improvement and implementation. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management. 2007;2(2):21.

16. Cretikos M, Chen J, Hillman K, Bellomo R, Finfer S, Flabouris A, Merit Study Investigators. The objective medical emergency team activation criteria: a case–control study. Resuscitation. 2007;73(1):62–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

17. Chen J, Bellomo R, Flabouris A, Hillman K, Finfer S. The relationship between early emergency team calls and serious adverse events. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(1):148–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

18. Sharek PJ, Parast LM, Leong K, Coombs J, Earnest K, Sullivan J, Frankel LR, Roth SJ. Effect of a rapid response team on hospital-wide mortality and code rates outside the ICU in a children’s hospital. Jama. 2007;298(19):2267–74.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

19. Al-Qahtani S, Al-Dorzi HM, Tamim HM, Hussain S, Fong L, Taher S, Al-Knawy BA, Arabi Y. Impact of an intensivist-led multidisciplinary extended rapid response team on hospital-wide cardiopulmonary arrests and mortality. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):506–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

20. Buist MD, Moore GE, Bernard SA, Waxman BP, Anderson JN, Nguyen TV. Effects of a medical emergency team on reduction of incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrests in hospital: preliminary study. Bmj. 2002;324(7334):387–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

21. Brilli RJ, Gibson R, Luria JW, Wheeler TA, Shaw J, Linam M, Kheir J, McLain P, Lingsch T, Hall-Haering A, McBride M. Implementation of a medical emergency team in a large pediatric teaching hospital prevents respiratory and cardiopulmonary arrests outside the intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2007;8(3):236–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

22. Morris DS, Schweickert W, Holena D, Handzel R, Sims C, Pascual JL, Sarani B. Differences in outcomes between ICU attending and senior resident physician led medical emergency team responses. Resuscitation. 2012;83(12):1434–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

23. Karvellas CJ, de Souza IA, Gibney RN, Bagshaw SM. Association between implementation of an intensivist-led medical emergency team and mortality. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012;21(2):152–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Page 2

Skip to main content

From: Outcomes of rapid response team implementation in tertiary private hospitals: a prospective cohort study