If you are writing your school paper with Chicago style citation using the notes-biblio style or if your teacher asks you to include notes in your paper, you need to know the difference between footnotes and endnotes. Typically, notes are included in Chicago 17 notes-biblio style, but you may include them in an MLA or APA citation style school project if your instructor requires them. Show Where Do You Place the Notes?The difference between footnotes and endnotes is simple:
Note: In a full-length book, endnotes may be at the end of each chapter. In substantive texts, you may see both endnotes and footnotes used in the paper or book. However, you will not do this in a typical research paper in school. Which Format Should I Use?Consider these factors while deciding which format to use: Footnotes
Endnotes
Note: Many times, online scholarly research articles insert hyperlinks between the note number and the actual note. APA FootnotesAPA style does not recommend using footnotes at all. However, as with all things, there are always exceptions. First of all, you may use a footnote in your APA paper if you are using copyrighted material for which you requested permission. This may occur if you use extensive data from a research paper. Fair use for students and teachers allows you to use a certain amount of copyrighted material without asking permission, so check those guidelines first. You may also use content footnotes in APA; however, again, this is not suggested. Incorporate the information into your text instead. Numbering Footnotes and EndnotesThe numbering system for footnotes and endnotes is really simple.
Additional InformationUsing footnotes and endnotes in a Chicago style citation paper guides the reader through the text. However, footnotes can be used in MLA or APA to supply additional information. These guidelines help you decide which format to use; however, always follow your teacher’s directions and you will be sure to turn in a top paper. Written by Anne Danahy, MS, RDN on April 8, 2021 — Medically reviewed by Grant Tinsley, PhD, Nutrition
If you’ve ever accidentally grabbed a bunch of parsley instead of cilantro, or vice versa, while grocery shopping, you’re not alone. At first glance, these two leafy green herbs could be twins. People often mistake them for one another, and many wonder whether they’re interchangeable. This article explains the difference between parsley and cilantro, so you can decide which to use and when. Share on PinterestDesign by Alexis Lira Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) are two bright green, leafy, aromatic herbs that grow on long, thin stems. They come from the same botanical family, called Apiaceae (1, 2). People in some regions refer to cilantro as coriander or Chinese parsley. Although cilantro and parsley bear a great resemblance, you can tell them apart by examining their leaves. Cilantro leaves are more rounded, while parsley leaves are pointed. However, the best way to tell the two apart is by smelling them. Parsley has a fresh, mild herbal scent, while cilantro has a much stronger, spicy, citrusy aroma. Some people describe the smell and taste of fresh cilantro leaves as soap-like. That’s because they contain aldehyde compounds that are common to soap (3). People use both herbs frequently in cooking, but they also have a long history of use in traditional medicine (1, 2, 4, 5). Summary Parsley and cilantro contain similar nutrients. Both are very low in calories, protein, carbs, and fat. However, both are a rich source of several vitamins. The table below provides nutritional information for 28 grams of each raw herb (6, 7). Parsley’s vitamin K content is notable. Just 28 grams provides nearly 6 times the recommended Daily Value for this vitamin. Vitamin K is especially important for healthy blood clotting and strong bones (8). In addition to their nutrients, both herbs are rich in phenolic compounds. These are antioxidants that can protect your cells and DNA from oxidative damage (1, 2, 4, 5). Summary Like other herbs and spices, parsley and cilantro have been part of traditional medicine practices for hundreds of years. Test-tube and animal studies have found that the plant chemicals that occur naturally in these herbs may confer various health benefits, such as (1, 2, 4, 5, 9):
Cilantro does not appear to reduce heavy metals in the body, such as leached mercury from dental fillings, though anecdotal sources have made this claim (10). It’s important to note that the findings in the list above were mainly observed in animal and test-tube studies (1, 5). Therefore, scientists need to study these potential health benefits in humans before they can make health claims about parsley or cilantro. When you use these herbs in recipes, the cooking method and other ingredients used may affect these herbs’ content of nutrients and other health-promoting compounds. For example, cooking parsley and cilantro reduces the amounts of certain antioxidants but increases those of others (11). When researchers looked at the effects of cooking methods on various herbs, including parsley, they found that simmering increased their antioxidant content, while stir-frying and grilling decreased it (11). The amount of vitamin K you absorb from both herbs can also vary depending on how you eat them. Adding them to a recipe that has some fat, such as olive oil, avocado, or coconut milk, increases the amount of vitamin K your body absorbs (8). Summary Both herbs add a pop of bright green to recipes. However, they have very different flavors, so you can’t always substitute one for the other in recipes. Traditional Mexican, Asian, and Indian recipes often call for cilantro. Its distinctive fresh, spicy-citrusy flavor is a key to transforming mashed avocados into guacamole and diced tomatoes into pico de gallo. Both the stems and leaves of cilantro are very flavorful. The leaves are very tender, while the stems are a bit tougher. Still, you can chop them and use every part of this herb. You’ll get the most flavor from cilantro if you eat it raw rather than cooked or dried. Use it to flavor salad dressings or vegetable dips. If you want to add it to a cooked recipe, such as chili or a curry dish, add it at the very end or as a garnish. Parsley tends to be a more versatile herb because of its fresh, mild, herbaceous flavor. It brightens up nearly any recipe and complements other ingredients like lemon or garlic. It’s a staple in Middle Eastern recipes like tabbouleh, and it adds a pop of flavor to almost any soup, stew, sauce, or marinade. Unlike cilantro, parsley retains most of its flavor when cooked. Thus, you can add it to dishes during cooking or use it as a garnish to add flavor and color. The stems are edible, but some people find them tough or bitter and prefer to use only the leaves. To store either of these herbs, cut the bottoms off the stems and place each bunch in a small jar with a few inches of water. Don’t wash the herbs until you’re ready to use them. Keep them in the refrigerator, and they should last at least a week. Summary Parsley and cilantro are leafy green herbs that might look like twins, but they have very different flavors and culinary uses. Parsley tends to be more versatile, while fresh cilantro brings a strong herbaceous, citrusy flavor to recipes. They’re similar nutritionally, although parsley comes out ahead for its vitamin K content. Both are rich in antioxidants. Incorporating more of either herb into your diet may help improve your health and liven up your meals. Last medically reviewed on April 8, 2021 This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by experts. Our team of licensed nutritionists and dietitians strive to be objective, unbiased, honest and to present both sides of the argument. This article contains scientific references. The numbers in the parentheses (1, 2, 3) are clickable links to peer-reviewed scientific papers. |