This country is recognized as one of the most ethnically homogeneous in the world

Overview of the various ethnic groups of Russia

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Ethnic groups of Russia, 1926–2010
Future projections
Language and culture
Indigenous peoples
External links

Russia, as the largest country in the world, has great ethnic diversity, is a multinational state, and is home to over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. However, demographically; ethnic Russians dominate the country's population. In the 2010 Census, roughly 81% of the population were ethnic Russians, and the remaining 19% of the population were ethnic minorities. The 83 (or 85) federal subjects which together constitute the Russian Federation include:

21 national republics (intended as homes to a specific ethnic minority)
4 autonomous okrugs (usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority)
1 autonomous oblast

Ethnic groups of Russia, 1926–2010

Ethnic group[1]	Language family	Main area	1926 Census		1939 Census		1959 Census	1970 Census		1979 Census		1989 Census	2002 Census		2010 Census
	Number	%	Number	%		Number	%	Number	%		Number	%	Number	%,		Number	% of total population	% of those who declared ethnicity		Number	% of total population	% of those who declared ethnicity
Russians	Slavic	European Russia	71,374,283	78.1%		89,747,795	82.9%	97,863,579	83.3%		107,747,630	82.8%	113,521,881	82.6%		119,865,469	81.5%		115,889,107	79.83%	80.6%		111,016,896	77.71%	80.9%
Tatars	Turkic	European Russia	3,926,053	3.2%		3,682,956	3.4%	4,074,253	3.5%		4,577,061	3.5%	5,055,757	3.6%		5,522,096	3.8%		5,554,601	3.83%	3.9%		5,310,649	3.72%	3.9%
Ukrainians[2]	Slavic	European Russia	6,870,976	7.9%		3,205,061	3.0%	3,359,083	2.9%		3,345,885	2.6%	3,657,647	2.7%		4,362,872	3.0%		2,942,961	2.03%	2.0%		1,927,888	1.35%	1.4%
Bashkir	Turkic	European Russia	738,861	0.80%		824,537	0.76%	953,801	0.81%		1,180,913	0.91%	1,290,994	0.94%		1,345,273	0.92%		1,673,389	1.16%	1.16%		1,584,554	1.11%	1.15%
Chuvashs	Turkic	European Russia	1,112,478	1.20%		1,346,232	1.24%	1,436,218	1.22%		1,637,028	1.26%	1,689,847	1.23%		1,773,645	1.21%		1,637,094	1.14%	1.14%		1,435,872	1.01%	1.05%
Chechens	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	318,361	0.34%		400,325	0.37%	261,311	0.22%		572,220	0.44%	712,161	0.52%		898,999	0.61%		1,360,253	0.95%	0.95%		1,431,360	1.00%	1.04%
Armenians	Indo-European	Caucasus	183,785	0.20%		205,233	0.19%	255,978	0.22%		298,718	0.23%	364,570	0.27%		532,390	0.36%		1,132,033	0.79%	0.79%		1,182,388	0.83%	0.86%
Avars	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	178,263	0.19%		235,715	0.22%	249,529	0.21%		361,613	0.28%	438,306	0.32%		544,016	0.37%		814,473	0.57%	0.57%		912,090	0.64%	0.66%
Mordvins	Uralic	European Russia	1,306,798	1.41%		1,375,558	1.27%	1,211,105	1.03%		1,177,492	0.91%	1,111,075	0.81%		1,072,939	0.73%		843,350	0.59%	0.59%		744,237	0.52%	0.54%
Kazakhs	Turkic	Southern	136,501	0.15%		356,500	0.33%	382,431	0.33%		477,820	0.37%	518,060	0.38%		635,865	0.43%		653,962	0.46%	0.46%		647,732	0.45%	0.47%
Azerbaijanis	Turkic	Caucasus	24,335	0.03%		43,014	0.04%	70,947	0.06%		95,689	0.07%	152,421	0.11%		335,889	0.23%		621,840	0.43%	0.43%		603,070	0.42%	0.44%
Dargins	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	125,759	0.14%		152,007	0.14%	152,563	0.13%		224,172	0.17%	280,444	0.20%		353,348	0.24%		510,156	0.35%	0.35%		589,386	0.41%	0.43%
Udmurts (incl. Besermyan 1939–1989)	Uralic	European Russia	503,970	0.54%		599,893	0.55%	615,640	0.52%		678,393	0.52%	685,718	0.50%		714,883	0.49%		636,906	0.44%	0.45%		552,299	0.39%	0.40%
Mari	Uralic	European Russia	427,874	0.46%		476,314	0.44%	498,066	0.42%		581,082	0.45%	599,637	0.44%		643,698	0.44%		604,298	0.42%	0.42%		547,605	0.38%	0.40%
Ossetians	Iranian	Caucasus	157,280	0.17%		195,624	0.18%	247,834	0.21%		313,458	0.24%	352,080	0.26%		402,275	0.27%		514,875	0.36%	0.36%		528,515	0.37%	0.38%
Belarusians	Slavic	European Russia	607,845	0.66%		451,933	0.42%	843,985	0.72%		964,082	0.74%	1,051,900	0.77%		1,206,222	0.82%		807,970	0.56%	0.56%		521,443	0.37%	0.38%
Kabardins	Northwest Caucasian	Caucasus	139,864	0.15%		161,216	0.15%	200,634	0.17%		277,435	0.21%	318,822	0.23%		386,055	0.26%		519,958	0.36%	0.36%		516,826	0.36%	0.38%
Kumyks	Turkic	Caucasus	94,509	0.10%		110,299	0.10%	132,896	0.11%		186,690	0.14%	225,800	0.16%		277,163	0.19%		422,409	0.29%	0.29%		503,060	0.35%	0.37%
Yakuts (icl. Dolgans 1939–1959)	Turkic	Far East	240,682	0.26%		241,870	0.22%	236,125	0.20%		295,223	0.23%	326,531	0.24%		380,242	0.26%		443,852	0.31%	0.31%		478,085	0.34%	0.35%
Lezgians	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	92,937	0.10%		100,328	0.09%	114,210	0.10%		170,494	0.13%	202,854	0.15%		257,270	0.17%		411,535	0.28%	0.29%		473,722	0.33%	0.34%
Buryats (incl. Soyots 1939–1989)	Mongolic	Siberia	237,490	0.26%		220,618	0.20%	251,504	0.21%		312,847	0.24%	349,760	0.25%		417,425	0.28%		445,175	0.31%	0.31%		461,389	0.32%	0.34%
Ingush	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	72,137	0.08%		90,980	0.08%	55,799	0.05%		137,380	0.11%	165,997	0.12%		215,068	0.15%		413,016	0.29%	0.29%		444,833	0.31%	0.32%
Germans	Germanic	European Russia	707,277	0.76%		811,205	0.75%	820,016	0.70%		761,888	0.59%	790,762	0.58%		842,295	0.57%		597,212	0.41%	0.42%		394,138	0.28%	0.29%
Uzbeks	Turkic	Moscow	942	0.00%		16,166	0.01%	29,512	0.03%		61,588	0.05%	72,385	0.05%		126,899	0.09%		122,916	0.09%	0.09%		289,862	0.20%	0.21%
Tuvans	Turkic	Siberia	200	0.00%		794	0.00%	99,864	0.08%		139,013	0.11%	165,426	0.12%		206,160	0.14%		243,442	0.17%	0.17%		263,934	0.19%	0.19%
Komi (incl. Komi-Permyak 1939)	Uralic	European Russia	226,012	0.24%		415,009	0.38%	281,780	0.24%		315,347	0.24%	320,078	0.23%		336,309	0.23%		293,406	0.20%	0.20%		228,235	0.16%	0.17%
Karachays	Turkic	Caucasus	55,116	0.06%		74,488	0.07%	70,537	0.06%		106,831	0.08%	125,792	0.09%		150,332	0.10%		192,182	0.13%	0.13%		218,403	0.15%	0.16%
Roma	Indo-Aryan	European Russia	39,089	0.04%		59,198	0.05%	72,488	0.06%		97,955	0.08%	120,672	0.09%		152,939	0.10%		183,252	0.13%	0.13%		204,958	0.14%	0.15%
Tajiks	Iranian	Saint Petersburg	52	0.00%		3,315	0.00%	7,027	0.01%		14,108	0.01%	17,863	0.01%		38,208	0.03%		120,136	0.08%	0.08%		200,666	0.14%	0.15%
Kalmyks	Mongolic	Caucasus	128,809	0.14%		129,786	0.12%	100,603	0.09%		131,318	0.10%	140,103	0.10%		165,103	0.11%		174,000	0.12%	0.12%		183,372	0.13%	0.13%
Laks	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	40,243	0.04%		54,348	0.05%	58,397	0.05%		78,625	0.06%	91,412	0.07%		106,245	0.07%		156,545	0.11%	0.11%		178,630	0.13%	0.13%
Georgians	South Caucasian	Caucasus	20,551	0.02%		43,585	0.04%	57,594	0.05%		68,971	0.05%	89,407	0.07%		130,688	0.09%		197,934	0.14%	0.14%		157,803	0.11%	0.11%
Jews	Semitic	European Russia	539,086	0.58%		891,147	0.82%	875,058	0.74%		807,526	0.62%	699,286	0.51%		550,709	0.37%		233,439	0.16%	0.16%		156,801	0.11%	0.11%
Moldovans	Romance	European Russia	16,870	0.02%		21,974	0.02%	62,298	0.05%		87,538	0.07%	102,137	0.07%		172,671	0.12%		172,330	0.12%	0.12%		156,400	0.11%	0.11%
Koreans	Koreanic	Far East	86,799	0.09%		11,345	0.01%	91,445	0.08%		101,369	0.08%	97,649	0.07%		107,051	0.07%		148,556	0.10%	0.10%		153,156	0.11%	0.11%
Tabasarans	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	31,983	0.03%		33,471	0.03%	34,288	0.03%		54,047	0.04%	73,433	0.05%		93,587	0.06%		131,785	0.09%	0.09%		146,360	0.10%	0.11%
Adyghe (incl. Shapsugs 1926–1989 and Cherkess 1926–1939)	Northwest Caucasian	Caucasus	64,959	0.07%		85,588	0.08%	78,561	0.07%		98,461	0.08%	107,239	0.08%		122,908	0.08%		128,528	0.09%	0.09%		124,835	0.09%	0.09%
Balkars	Turkic	Caucasus	33,298	0.04%		41,949	0.04%	35,249	0.03%		52,969	0.04%	61,828	0.04%		78,341	0.05%		108,426	0.08%	0.08%		112,924	0.08%	0.08%
Turks (incl. Meskhetian Turks 1926–1989)	Turkic	Caucasus	1,846	0.00%		2,668	0.00%	1,377	0.00%		1,568	0.00%	3,561	0.00%		9,890	0.01%		92,415	0.06%	0.06%		105,058	0.07%	0.08%
Nogais	Turkic	Caucasus	36,089	0.04%		36,088	0.03%	37,656	0.03%		51,159	0.04%	58,639	0.04%		73,703	0.05%		90,666	0.06%	0.06%		103,660	0.07%	0.08%
Kyrgyz	Turkic	Moscow	285	0.00%		6,311	0.01%	4,701	0.00%		9,107	0.01%	15,011	0.01%		41,734	0.03%		31,808	0.02%	0.02%		103,422	0.07%	0.08%
Komi-Permyak (in Komi 1939)	Uralic	European Russia	149,275	0.16%				143,030	0.12%		150,244	0.12%	145,993	0.11%		147,269	0.10%		125,235	0.09%	0.09%		94,456	0.07%	0.07%
Altay	Turkic	Siberia	52,248	0.06%		46,489	0.04%	44,654	0.04%		54,614	0.04%	58,879	0.04%		69,409	0.05%		77,822	0.05%	0.05%		89,773	0.05%	0.06%
Pontic Greeks (including Caucasus Greeks)	Hellenic	Caucasus	34,439	0.04%		65,705	0.06%	47,024	0.04%		57,847	0.04%	69,816	0.05%		91,699	0.06%		97,827	0.07%	0.07%		85,640	0.06%	0.06%
Cherkess (in Adyghe 1926–1939)	Northwest Caucasian	Caucasus						28,986	0.02%		38,356	0.03%	44,572	0.03%		50,572	0.03%		60,517		0.04%		73,184		0.05%
Khakas	Turkic	Siberia	45,607	0.05%		52,033	0.05%	56,032	0.05%		65,368	0.05%	69,247	0.05%		78,500	0.05%		76,278		0.05%		72,959		0.05%
Karelians	Uralic	European Russia	248,017	0.27%		249,778	0.23%	164,050	0.14%		141,148	0.11%	133,182	0.10%		124,921	0.08%		93,344		0.06%		60,815		0.04%
Poles	Slavic	European Russia	189,269	0.20%		142,461	0.13%	118,422	0.10%		107,084	0.08%	99,733	0.07%		94,594	0.06%		73,001		0.05%		47,125		0.03%
Nenets (incl. Enets 1926–1979 and Nganasans 1926–1939)	Uralic	Siberia	17,560	0.02%		24,716	0.02%	22,845	0.02%		28,487	0.02%	29,487	0.02%		34,190	0.02%		41,302		0.03%		44,640		0.03%
Abazas	Northwest Caucasian	Caucasus	13,825	0.01%		14,739	0.01%	19,059	0.02%		24,892	0.02%	28,800	0.02%		32,983	0.02%		37,942		0.03%		43,341		0.03%
Yazidis	Iranian	Caucasus	1	0.00%															31,273		0.02%		40,586		0.03%
Evenks	Tungusic	Far East	38,804	0.03%		29,599	0.02%	24,583	0.02%		25,051	0.02%	27,278	0.02%		29,901	0.02%		35,527		0.02%		37,843		0.03%
Turkmens	Turkic	Caucasus	7,849	0.01%		12,869	0.01%	11,631	0.01%		20,040	0.02%	22,979	0.02%		39,739	0.03%		33,053		0.02%		36,885		0.03%
Rutuls	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	10,333	0.01%		SDP	SDP	6,703	0.01%		11,904	0.01%	14,835	0.01%		19,503	0.01%		29,929		0.02%		35,240		0.03%
Aghuls	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	7,653	0.01%		SDP	SDP	6,460	0.01%		8,751	0.01%	11,752	0.01%		17,728	0.01%		28,297		0.02%		34,160		0.02%
Lithuanians	Baltic	European Russia	26,128	0.03%		20,795	0.02%	108,579	0.09%		76,718	0.06%	66,783	0.05%		70,427	0.05%		45,569		0.03%		31,377		0.02%
Khanty	Uralic	Urals	22,301	0.02%		18,447	0.02%	19,246	0.02%		21,007	0.02%	20,743	0.02%		22,283	0.02%		28,678		0.02%		30,943		0.02%
Chinese	Sino-Tibetan	Far East	8,739	0.01%		22,491	0.02%	19,097	0.02%		7,987	0.01%	5,743	0.00%		5,197	0.00%		34,577		0.02%		28,943		0.02%
Bulgarians	Slavic	European Russia	4,087	0.00%		8,338	0.01%	24,899	0.02%		27,321	0.02%	24,943	0.02%		32,785	0.02%		31,965		0.02%		24,038		0.02%
Kurds (incl. Yazidis 1939–1989)	Iranian	Caucasus	164	0.00%		387	0.00%	855	0.00%		1,015	0.00%	1,634	0.00%		4,724	0.00%		19,607		0.01%		23,232		0.01%
Evens	Tungusic	Far East	2,044	0.00%		9,674	0.01%	9,023	0.01%		11,819	0.01%	12,215	0.01%		17,055	0.01%		19,071		0.01%		22,383		0.02%
Finns	Uralic	European Russia	134,089	0.14%		138,962	0.13%	72,356	0.06%		62,307	0.05%	55,687	0.04%		47,102	0.03%		34,050		0.02%		20,267		0.01%
Latvians	Baltic	European Russia	124,312	0.13%		104,877	0.10%	74,932	0.06%		59,695	0.05%	67,267	0.05%		46,829	0.03%		28,520		0.02%		18,979		0.01%
Estonians	Uralic	European Russia	146,051	0.16%		130,494	0.12%	78,556	0.07%		62,980	0.05%	55,539	0.04%		46,390	0.03%		28,113		0.02%		17,875		0.01%
Chukchi (incl. Kereks 1926–1989 and Chuvans 1939–1979)	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Far East	12,331	0.01%		13,830	0.01%	11,680	0.01%		13,500	0.01%	13,937	0.01%		15,107	0.01%		15,767		0.01%		15,908		0.01%
Vietnamese	Austro-Asiatic	Moscow	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	781	0.00%		6,287	0.00%	661	0.00%		2,142	0.00%		26,206		0.02%		13,954		0.01%
Gagauz	Turkic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	3,012	0.00%		3,704	0.00%	4,176	0.00%		10,051	0.01%		12,210		0.01%		13,690		0.01%
Shors	Turkic	Siberia	13,000	0.01%		16,042	0.01%	14,938	0.01%		15,950	0.01%	15,182	0.01%		15,745	0.01%		13,975		0.01%		12,888		0.01%
Tsakhurs	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	3,533	0.00%		SDP	SDP	4,437	0.00%		4,730	0.00%	4,774	0.00%		6,492	0.00%		10,366		0.01%		12,769		0.01%
Mansi	Uralic	Urals	5,754	0.01%		6,295	0.01%	6,318	0.01%		7,609	0.01%	7,434	0.01%		8,279	0.01%		11,432		0.01%		12,269		0.01%
Nanais	Tungusic	Far East	5,860	0.01%		8,411	0.01%	7,919	0.01%		9,911	0.01%	10,357	0.01%		11,883	0.01%		12,160		0.01%		12,003		0.01%
Abkhaz	Northwest Caucasian	Caucasus	97	0.00%		647	0.00%	1,400	0.00%		2,427	0.00%	4,058	0.00%		7,239	0.00%		11,366		0.01%		11,249		0.01%
Assyrians	Semitic	Caucasus	2,791	0.00%		7,446	0.01%	7,612	0.01%		8,098	0.01%	8,708	0.01%		9,622	0.01%		13,649		0.01%		11,084		0.01%
Arabs	Semitic	Caucasus	466	0.00%		94	0.00%	649	0.00%		2,555	0.00%	2,339	0.00%		2,704	0.00%		10,811		0.01%		9,583		0.01%
Nağaybäk	Turkic	Urals	11196	0.01%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		9,600		0.01%		8,148		0.01%
Koryaks	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Far East	7,437	0.01%		7,337	0.01%	6,168	0.01%		7,367	0.01%	7,637	0.01%		8,942	0.01%		8,743		0.01%		7,953		0.01%
Dolgans (in Yakuts 1939–1959)	Turkic	Siberia	656	0.00%							4,718	0.00%	4,911	0.00%		6,584	0.00%		7,261		0.01%		7,885		0.01%
Veps	Uralic	Northwest	32,783	0.04%		31,442	0.03%	16,170	0.01%		8,057	0.01%	7,550	0.01%		12,142	0.01%		8,240		0.01%		5,936		0.00%
Afghans	Iranian	Moscow	38	0.00%		190	0.00%	175	0.00%		561	0.00%	184	0.00%		858	0.00%		9,800		0.01%		5,350		0.00%
Meskhetian Turks (in Turks 1926–1989)	Turkic	Caucasus																	3,527		0.00%		4,825		0.00%
Nivkh	Nivkh	Far East	4,076	0.00%		3,857	0.00%	3,690	0.00%		4,356	0.00%	4,366	0.00%		4,631	0.00%		5,162		0.00%		4,652		0.00%
Udis	Northeast Caucasian	Caucasus	2	0.00%		SDP	SDP	35	0.00%		94	0.00%	216	0.00%		1,102	0.00%		3,721		0.00%		4,267		0.00%
Indians	Indo-Aryan	European Russia	17	0.00%		0	0.00%	216	0.00%		1,378	0.00%	181	0.00%		535	0.00%		4,980		0.00%		4,058		0.00%
Shapsugs (in Adyghe 1926–1989)	Northwest Caucasian	Caucasus																	3,231		0.00%		3,882		0.00%
Persians	Iranian	Caucasus	8,626	0.01%		6,041	0.01%	2,490	0.00%		2,548	0.00%	1,747	0.00%		2,572	0.00%		3,821		0.00%		3,696		0.00%
Uygurs	Turkic	Siberia	26	0.00%		642	0.00%	720	0.00%		1,513	0.00%	1,707	0.00%		2,577	0.00%		2,867		0.00%		3,696		0.00%
Selkups	Uralic	Siberia	1,630	0.00%		2,604	0.00%	3,704	0.00%		4,249	0.00%	3,518	0.00%		3,564	0.00%		4,249		0.00%		3,649		0.00%
Soyots (in Buryats 1939–1989)	Mongolic	Siberia	229	0.00%															2,769		0.00%		3,608		0.00%
Serbs	Slavic	European Russia	1,278	0.00%		2,373	0.00%	0	0.00%		1,431	0.00%	815	0.00%		1,580	0.00%		4,156		0.00%		3,510		0.00%
Romanians	Romance	European Russia	2,881	0.00%		2,682	0.00%	3,316	0.00%		4,093	0.00%	3,837	0.00%		5,996	0.00%		5,308		0.00%		3,201		0.00%
Itelmeni	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Far East	803	0.00%		SSP	SSP	1,096	0.00%		1,255	0.00%	1,335	0.00%		2,429	0.00%		3,180		0.00%		3,193		0.00%
Mongols	Mongolic	Siberia	548	0.00%		0	0.00%	1,511	0.00%		3,759	0.00%	1,812	0.00%		2,117	0.00%		2,656		0.00%		2,986		0.00%
Kumandins	Turkic	Siberia	6,335	0.01%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		3,114		0.00%		2,892		0.00%
Hungarians	Uralic	European Russia	3,882	0.00%		0	0.00%	4,175	0.00%		6,681	0.01%	4,313	0.00%		5,742	0.00%		3,768		0.00%		2,781		0.00%
Ulchs	Tungusic	Far East	723	0.00%		SSP	SSP	2,049	0.00%		2,410	0.00%	2,494	0.00%		3,173	0.00%		2,913		0.00%		2,765		0.00%
Teleuts	Turkic	Siberia	1,898	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		2,650		0.00%		2,643		0.00%
Talysh	Iranian	Caucasus	0	0.00%		47	0.00%	33	0.00%				2	0.00%		202	0.00%		2,548		0.00%		2,529		0.00%
Crimean Tatars	Turkic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	416	0.00%		2,852	0.00%	5,165	0.00%		21,275	0.01%		4,131		0.00%		2,449		0.00%
Besermyan (in Udmurts 1939–1989)	Uralic	European Russia	10,035	0.01%															3,122		0.00%		2,201		0.00%
Hemshins	Indo-European	Caucasus	2	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		1,542		0.00%		2,047		0.00%
Kamchadals	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Far East	4216	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		2,293		0.00%		1,927		0.00%
Czechs	Slavic	European Russia	7,996	0.01%		7,526	0.01%	7,174	0.01%		6,073	0.00%	4,491	0.00%		4,375	0.00%		2,904		0.00%		1,898		0.00%
Sami	Uralic	European Russia	1,715	0.00%		1,828	0.00%	1,760	0.00%		1,836	0.00%	1,775	0.00%		1,835	0.00%		1,991		0.00%		1,771		0.00%
Dungans	Sino-Tibetan	Siberia	6,009	0.01%		48	0.00%	169	0.00%		304	0.00%	1,159	0.00%		635	0.00%		801		0.00%		1,651		0.00%
Eskimo	Eskimo–Aleut	Far East	1,292	0.00%		SSP	SSP	1,111	0.00%		1,265	0.00%	1,460	0.00%		1,704	0.00%		1,750		0.00%		1,738		0.00%
Yukaghir	Yukaghir	Far East	443	0.00%		SSP	SSP	440	0.00%		593	0.00%	801	0.00%		1,112	0.00%		1,509		0.00%		1,603		0.00%
Tats	Iranian	Caucasus	223	0.00%				5,136	0.00%		8,753	0.01%	12,748	0.01%		19,420	0.01%		2,303		0.00%		1,585		0.00%
Americans	Germanic	European Russia	0	0.00%		457	0.00%	273	0.00%		785	0.00%	81	0.00%		185	0.00%		1,275		0.00%		1,572		0.00%
Udege (incl. Taz 1926–1989)	Tungusic	Far East	1,357	0.00%		1,701	0.00%	1,395	0.00%		1,396	0.00%	1,431	0.00%		1,902	0.00%		1,657		0.00%		1,496		0.00%
French	Romance	European Russia	1,338	0.00%		991	0.00%	535	0.00%		1,243	0.00%	305	0.00%		352	0.00%		819		0.00%		1,475		0.00%
Karakalpaks	Turkic	Volga	14	0.00%		306	0.00%	988	0.00%		2,267	0.00%	1,743	0.00%		6,155	0.00%		1,609		0.00%		1,466		0.00%
Italians	Romance	European Russia	749	0.00%		713	0.00%	525	0.00%		889	0.00%	356	0.00%		627	0.00%		862		0.00%		1,370		0.00%
Ket	Yeniseian	Siberia	1,428	0.00%		SSP	SSP	1,017	0.00%		1,161	0.00%	1,072	0.00%		1,084	0.00%		1,494		0.00%		1,219		0.00%
Spanish	Romance	European Russia	0	0.00%		2,290	0.00%	1,615	0.00%		2,631	0.00%	1,961	0.00%		2,054	0.00%		1,547		0.00%		1,162		0.00%
Slovenes	Slavic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		0		0.00%		1,008		0.00%
Chuvans (in Chukchi 1939–1979)	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Far East	704	0.00%		1,384	0.00%												1,087		0.00%		1,002		0.00%
British	Germanic	European Russia	517	0.00%		416	0.00%	312	0.00%		542	0.00%	115	0.00%		223	0.00%		529		0.00%		950		0.00%
Japanese	Japonic	Far East	79	0.00%		922	0.00%	888	0.00%		1,141	0.00%	655	0.00%		591	0.00%		835		0.00%		888		0.00%
Nganasans (in Nenets 1926–1939)	Uralic	Siberia						721	0.00%		823	0.00%	842	0.00%		1,262	0.00%		834		0.00%		862		0.00%
Mountain Jews	Semitic	Caucasus	15,612	0.02%		0	0.00%	19,352	0.02%		15,434	0.01%	6,509	0.00%		11,282	0.01%		3,394		0.00%		762		0.00%
Tofas	Turkic	Siberia	2,828	0.00%		SSP	SSP	476	0.00%		570	0.00%	576	0.00%		722	0.00%		837		0.00%		762		0.00%
Cubans	Romance	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	1,175	0.00%		1,566	0.00%		707		0.00%		676		0.00%
Orochs (incl. Oroks 1970–1979)	Tungusic	Far East	646	0.00%		SSP	SSP	779	0.00%		1,037	0.00%	1,040	0.00%		883	0.00%		686		0.00%		596		0.00%
Negidals	Tungusic	Far East	683	0.00%		SSP	SSP				495	0.00%	477	0.00%		587	0.00%		567		0.00%		513		0.00%
Pakistani	Indo-Aryan	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		0		0.00%		507		0.00%
Aleut	Eskimo–Aleut	Far East	353	0.00%		SSP	SSP	399	0.00%		410	0.00%	489	0.00%		644	0.00%		540		0.00%		482		0.00%
Pamiris	Iranian	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		0		0.00%		363		0.00%
Chulyms	Turkic	Siberia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		656		0.00%		355		0.00%
Macedonians	Slavic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		0		0.00%		325		0.00%
Slovaks	Slavic	European Russia	0	0.00%		513	0.00%	497	0.00%		758	0.00%	439	0.00%		711	0.00%		568		0.00%		324		0.00%
Croats	Slavic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		174	0.00%	115	0.00%		479	0.00%		0		0.00%		304		0.00%
Oroks (in Orochs 1970–1979)	Tungusic	Far East	162	0.00%		SSP	SSP	2	0.00%							179	0.00%		346		0.00%		295		0.00%
Taz (in Udege 1926–1989)	Sino-Tibetan	Far East																	276		0.00%		274		0.00%
Izhorians	Uralic	European Russia	16,136	0.02%		7,720	0.01%	564	0.00%		561	0.00%	449	0.00%		449	0.00%		327		0.00%		266		0.00%
Bosnians	Slavic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		0		0.00%		256		0.00%
Enets (in Nenets 1926–1979)	Uralic	Siberia														198	0.00%		237		0.00%		227		0.00%
Ruthenians	Slavic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		97		0.00%		225		0.00%
Karaites	Turkic	European Russia	1,608	0.00%				1,608	0.00%		1,236	0.00%	939	0.00%		680	0.00%		366		0.00%		205		0.00%
Montenegrins	Slavic	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		0		0.00%		181		0.00%
Krymchaks	Turkic	European Russia	6,185	0.01%		0	0.00%	249	0.00%		389	0.00%	1,365	0.00%		338	0.00%		157		0.00%		90		0.00%
Georgian Jews	South Caucasian	Caucasus	82	0.00%		0	0.00%	109	0.00%		109	0.00%	130	0.00%		1,172	0.00%		53		0.00%		78		0.00%
Votes	Uralic	European Russia	705	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		73		0.00%		64		0.00%
Central Asian Rroma	Indo-Aryan	European Russia	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%	0	0.00%		0	0.00%		486		0.00%		49		0.00%
Central Asian Jews	Semitic, Turkic, Iranian	European Russia	93	0.00%		0	0.00%	99	0.00%		91	0.00%	336	0.00%		1,407	0.00%		54		0.00%		32		0.00%
Kereks (in Chukchi 1926–1989)	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Far East																	8		0.00%		4		0.00%
Small Dagestan Peoples (SDP)		Caucasus				20,962	0.02%
Small Siberian Peoples (SSP)		Siberia				11,824	0.01%

Ethnic groups in Russia (2010)[3]

Russians (77.7%)

Turkic peoples (8.42%)

Peoples of the Caucasus (4.9%)

Finnic peoples (1.59%)

Ukrainians (1.35%)

Others (2.09%)

No answer (3.94%)

Future projections

The ethnic demographic mix of the Russian Federation is projected to change far into the future. The majority population, ethnic Russians, who have been in slight decline since the 1950's will decline further due to a below replacement fertility rate and population ageing.[4] In 2010, rough population projections from Ivan Beloborodov projecting to 2030 estimated that the percentage of Russians within the population would decrease to around 70 to 60% of the total population.[5]

Language and culture

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Although the constitution of Russia recognizes Russian as the official language, the individual republics may declare one or more official languages. Many of these subjects have at least two—Russian and the language of the "eponymous" nationality.[6] There is a minority language scene in most subjects of the country, with more than 1,350 newspapers and magazines, 300 TV channels and 250 radio stations in over 50 of these minority languages. Moreover, new legislation allows usage of minority languages in federal radio and TV broadcasting.[citation needed]

In 2007, there were 6,260 schools which provided teaching in 38 minority languages. Over 75 minority languages were taught as a discipline in 10,404 schools.[citation needed] The Ministers of Council of Europe has noted significant efforts to improve the supply of minority language textbooks and teachers, as well as a greater availability of minority language teaching. However, as Ministers has noted, there remain shortcomings in the access to education of a person(s) belonging to certain minorities.[citation needed]

There are more than 2,000 national minorities' public associations and 560 national cultural autonomies, however the Committee of Ministers has noted that in many regions, amount of state support for the preservation and development of minority cultures is still inadequate.[citation needed] There's a significant difference between "eponymous" ethnic groups and nationalities without their own national territory, as resources of the last are relatively limited.

Indigenous peoples

Russia is also home to a particular category of minority peoples, i.e. small indigenous peoples of the North and Far East, who maintain very traditional lifestyles, often in a hazardous climatic environment, while adapting to the modern world. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia passed legislation to protect rights of these small northern indigenous peoples.[citation needed]

Gil-Robles has noted agreements between indigenous representatives and oil companies, which are to compensate potential damages on peoples habitats due to oil exploration. As Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe noted in 2007,[7] despite some initiatives for development, the social and economic situation of numerically small indigenous peoples was affected by recent legislative amendments at the federal level, removing some positive measures as regards their access to land and other natural resources.[8]

Maps

1989 ethnic map of Russia showing the largest ethnic group of each region or Republic; with brown as Russians, green as Turkic peoples
Ethnic map of Russia, 2010
Largest ethnic group apart from Russians: yellow – Ukrainians, lawn green – Tatars, green – Kazakhs, orange – Armenians, blue – Buryats, gray-blue – Germans, pink – Koreans
The largest two ethnic groups, excluding Russians, in each region (Census 2010)
Distribution of Russians, 2010
Distribution of Tatars, 2010
Distribution of Ukrainians, 2010
Distribution of Bashkirs, 2010
Distribution of Chuvashs, 2010
Distribution of Chechens, 2010
Distribution of Armenians, 2010
Distribution of Mordvins, 2010
Distribution of Kazakhs, 2010
Distribution of Azerbaijanis, 2010
Distribution of Belarusians, 2010
Distribution of Germans, 2010

References

^ Demoskop Weekly No 543-544 Archived October 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^ Численность, удельный вес и половой состав украинского населения России, 1926–2010 гг. / Завьялов А. В. Социальная адаптация украинских иммигрантов : монография / А. В. Завьялов. – Иркутск : Изд-во ИГУ, 2017. – 179 с.
^ "Национальный состав населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
^ Chausovsky, Eugene (2021-02-09). "The City of Kazan and Russia's Non-Slavic Future". New Lines Magazine. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
^ "Какова будет численность русских в ближайшие 10—20 лет?". 2012-01-06. Archived from the original on 6 January 2012. Retrieved 2022-09-11.
^ "Definition of EPONYMOUS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
^ "ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES" (PDF).
^ Alexseev, Mikhail A. (2016). "Backing the USSR 2.0". In Kolstø, Pål; Blakkisrud, Helge (eds.). Backing the USSR 2.0: Russia's ethnic minorities and expansionist ethnic Russian nationalism. The New Russian Nationalism. Imperialism, Ethnicity and Authoritarianism 2000–2015. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 160–191. ISBN 978-1-4744-1042-7. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1bh2kk5.13. Retrieved 2022-05-20.

External links

Population by mother tongue and districts in 50 Governorates of the European Russia in 1897
Human Rights problems in Russia: The situation of non-Russian Peoples
Ethnic and National Minorities of the Russian Federation: A Diversity Based Curriculum for the Intermediate Russian Classroom

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