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Page 2

Signal Artifact source Parameter
Ventilatory alarms   
   Pulse oximetry Movement Injection of contrast dye Interruption of blood-flow by non-invasive blood pressure Measurement

Ambient light

Oxygen saturation
Pulse frequency
   Capnography Occlusion of CO2-line (by kinking or built up fluid) Ventilator circuit leakage Atmospheric pressure variations Suctioning

Dead space in measurement circuit

End-tidal CO2
Inspired CO2
Respiratory rate
Hemodynamic Alarms   
   EKG Electrosurgical interference Power-line interference Movement artifacts (patient movement, positioning) Electrode instability or electrode distortion EMG/neuromonitoring interference Incorrect connection or lead contact Pacing/defibrillation Abnormally tall T-waves mistaken as QRS-complex

MRI interference

Heart rate, ST-values

Arrhythmia detection

   Non-invasive blood pressure Movement Inadequate size or cuff position Compression of cuff by external forces (surgeon or equipment pressing against the cuff

Kinked cuff tubing and leaking cuff bladder

Systolic, diastolic blood pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Other Alarms   
   Temperature Dislocated sensor Temperature

  1. EKG: electrocardiogram, EMG: electromyogram, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, CO2: carbon dioxide