1 Expert Answer
Mark M. answered • 11/28/16 Mathematics Teacher - NCLB Highly Qualified
A tangent intersects a circle at only one point. A chord intersects a circle at two points. The largest chord of a circle is the diameter.
A line that intersects a circle in exactly one point is called a tangent and the point where the intersection occurs is called the point of tangency. The tangent is always perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency. A secant is a line that intersects a circle in exactly two points. When a tangent and a secant, two secants, or two tangents intersect outside a circle then the measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs. $$m\angle A=\frac{1}{2}(m\overline{DE}-m\overline{BC} )$$ When two chords intersect inside a circle, then the measures of the segments of each chord multiplied with each other is equal to the product from the other chord: $$AB\cdot EB=CE\cdot ED$$ If two secants are drawn to a circle from one exterior point, then the product of the external segment and the total length of each secant are equal: $$AB\cdot AD=AC\cdot AE$$ If one secant and one tangent are drawn to a circle from one exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent is equal to the product of the external secant segment and the total length of the secant: $$AB^{2}=AC\cdot AD$$ If we have a circle drawn in a coordinate plane, with the center in (a,b) and the radius r then we could always describe the circle with the following equation: $$(x-a)^{2}+(y-b)^{2}=r^{2}$$ Video lessonFind the value of t in the figure
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With Hilbert's axiomatic system, How do I prove that a non-tangent line $d$ that intersects a circle $C$ intersects it in exactly two point? My teacher gave us the following clue: First show that if ABC and A'B'C' are two triangles with right angles in B and B' and if AB≅A'B' and AC≅A'C' then the triangles are congruent. $\endgroup$ 3In geometry, a secant is a line that intersects a curve at a minimum of two distinct points.[1] The word secant comes from the Latin word secare, meaning to cut.[2] In the case of a circle, a secant intersects the circle at exactly two points. A chord is the line segment determined by the two points, that is, the interval on the secant whose ends are the two points.[3] CirclesCommon lines and line segments on a circle, including a secantA straight line can intersect a circle at zero, one, or two points. A line with intersections at two points is called a secant line, at one point a tangent line and at no points an exterior line. A chord is the line segment that joins two distinct points of a circle. A chord is therefore contained in a unique secant line and each secant line determines a unique chord. In rigorous modern treatments of plane geometry, results that seem obvious and were assumed (without statement) by Euclid in his treatment, are usually proved. For example, Theorem (Elementary Circular Continuity):[4] If C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} is a circle and ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } a line that contains a point A that is inside C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} and a point B that is outside of C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} then ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } is a secant line for C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} . In some situations phrasing results in terms of secant lines instead of chords can help to unify statements. As an example of this consider the result:[5] If two secant lines contain chords AB and CD in a circle and intersect at a point P that is not on the circle, then the line segment lengths satisfy AP⋅PB = CP⋅PD.If the point P lies inside the circle this is Euclid III.35, but if the point is outside the circle the result is not contained in the Elements. However, Robert Simson following Christopher Clavius demonstrated this result, sometimes called the secant-secant theorem, in their commentaries on Euclid.[6] CurvesFor curves more complicated than simple circles, the possibility that a line that intersects a curve in more than two distinct points arises. Some authors define a secant line to a curve as a line that intersects the curve in two distinct points. This definition leaves open the possibility that the line may have other points of intersection with the curve. When phrased this way the definitions of a secant line for circles and curves are identical and the possibility of additional points of intersection just does not occur for a circle. Secants and tangentsSecants may be used to approximate the tangent line to a curve, at some point P, if it exists. Define a secant to a curve by two points, P and Q, with P fixed and Q variable. As Q approaches P along the curve, if the slope of the secant approaches a limit value, then that limit defines the slope of the tangent line at P.[1] The secant lines PQ are the approximations to the tangent line. In calculus, this idea is the geometric definition of the derivative. The tangent line at point P is a secant line of the curveA tangent line to a curve at a point P may be a secant line to that curve if it intersects the curve in at least one point other than P. Another way to look at this is to realize that being a tangent line at a point P is a local property, depending only on the curve in the immediate neighborhood of P, while being a secant line is a global property since the entire domain of the function producing the curve needs to be examined. Sets and n-secantsThe concept of a secant line can be applied in a more general setting than Euclidean space. Let K be a finite set of k points in some geometric setting. A line will be called an n-secant of K if it contains exactly n points of K.[7] For example, if K is a set of 50 points arranged on a circle in the Euclidean plane, a line joining two of them would be a 2-secant (or bisecant) and a line passing through only one of them would be a 1-secant (or unisecant). A unisecant in this example need not be a tangent line to the circle. This terminology is often used in incidence geometry and discrete geometry. For instance, the Sylvester–Gallai theorem of incidence geometry states that if n points of Euclidean geometry are not collinear then there must exist a 2-secant of them. And the original orchard-planting problem of discrete geometry asks for a bound on the number of 3-secants of a finite set of points. Finiteness of the set of points is not essential in this definition, as long as each line can intersect the set in only a finite number of points. See also
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