Describe two trends that have increased the likelihood of unethical behavior.

January 2019

This chapter seeks to set out the incumbency of the international obligations under mixed and EU-only IIPAs. This issue is ultimately important for the international responsibility of the EU and the Member States: Being bound by an international obligation is a constituent element of international responsibility to arise. As Article 1 ARS and Article 3 ARIO make clear, international ... [Show full abstract] responsibility of a state or an international organisation requires an internationally wrongful act. Pursuant to Article 4(b) ARIO an internationally wrongful act of an international organisation consists of conduct attributable to an international organisation and ‘in breach of an obligation of that international organization’. Article 2(b) ARS equally requires a ‘breach of an international obligation of the state’. Thus, without the existence of an international obligation incumbent upon either the EU or a Member State there is, generally, no case for international responsibility for either one.

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October 1993 · Waterlines

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  Jan Hendrik Alberts
• René Meza
• Denis Solís
• Marvin Rodríguez

After a 10-yr development process in Nicaragua, the rope-and-washer pump has proven its efficiency, low breakdown rate, low price, and very high social acceptance. The pump is used in wells up to 40 m deep, and it costs about US$75. Current sales of up to 80 pumps a month indicate the extent of the succeess. This article describes the conditions which led to the introduction of the rope pump, ... [Show full abstract] focusing on the organisational and technical matters related to this development. -from Authors

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December 2004 · Journal of Drug Issues

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  Hannah K Knudsen
• 
  Paul Michael Roman
• 
  James Aaron Johnson

Although research has explored the diffusion of drug testing as a management technique, little attention has been paid to how organizations manage employees who fail drug tests. Organizations can choose a strategy that externalizes or internalizes the drug-positive employee. Furthermore, those organizations that internalize drug-positive employees may respond in a rehabilitative or punitive ... [Show full abstract] manner. This paper explores the variation in organizational responses to positive drug tests by considering industrial sector, organizational structure, and culture. Using data from the 1997 National Employee Survey, multinomial logistic regression results indicate significant differences in organizational responses to positive drug tests based on the industrial sector, unionization, the provision of employee assistance program services, establishment size, and formalization.