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Answer the following questions briefly. (a) How does a planet differ from a star? (b) What is meant by the ‘Solar System’? (c) Name all the planets according to their distance from the Sun. (d) Why is the Earth called a unique planet? (e) Why do we see only one side of the Moon always? (f) What is the Universe?
(a) Stars are big and hot celestial bodies made up of gases. They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts. Planets are also celestial bodies, but they do not have their own heat and light. They are lit by the light of stars. (b) The Sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies known as asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system. (c) In order of their distance from the sun, the eight planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. (d) Conditions favourable to support life are probably present only on Earth. The Earth is neither too hot nor too cold. It has water and air, which are very essential for our survival. The air has life-supporting gases like oxygen. Because of these reasons, the Earth is a unique planet in the solar system. (e) The Moon moves around the Earth in about 27 days. It takes exactly the same time to complete one spin. As a result, only one side of the Moon is visible to us on the Earth. (f) A galaxy is a huge system of billions of stars, and clouds of dust and gases. Millions of such galaxies make up the universe.
Tick the correct answers. (a) The planet known as the “Earth’s Twin” is
(b) Which is the third nearest planet to the Sun?
(c) All the planets move around the Sun in a
(d) The Pole Star indicates the direction to the
(e) Asteroids are found between the orbits of
(a) The planet known as the “Earth’s Twin” is
(b) Which is the third nearest planet to the Sun?
(c) All the planets move around the Sun in a
(d) The Pole Star indicates the direction to the
(e) Asteroids are found between the orbits of
Page No 8:
Fill in the blanks. (a) A group of ________ forming various patterns is called a ________. (b) A huge system of stars is called _________. (c) ________ is the closest celestial body to our Earth. (d) ________ is the third nearest planet to the Sun. (e) Planets do not have their own _________ and __________.
(a) A group of stars forming various patterns is called a constellation. (b) A huge system of stars is called a galaxy. (c) The Moon is the closest celestial body to our Earth. (d) Earth is the third nearest planet to the Sun. (e) Planets do not have their own heat and light.
Diversify your product line. Stick to your knitting. Hire a professional manager. Watch fixed costs. Those are some of the suggestions that entrepreneurs sort through as they try to get their ventures off the ground. Why all the conflicting advice? Because in a young company, all decisions are up for grabs. Based on his observations of several hundred start-up ventures over eight years, Amar Bhidé has developed a three-step sequence of questions that all entrepreneurs must ask themselves in order to establish priorities among the vast array of opportunities and problems they face: What are my goals? Do I have the right strategy? Can I execute the strategy? Before entrepreneurs can set goals for a business, they must articulate their personal goals. They may want, for instance, to attain a certain lifestyle, experiment with technology, or build an institution that can outlive them. Only when entrepreneurs decide what they want from their businesses can they determine what kind of company they must build, what they are willing to risk, and whether they have a well-defined strategy. Great strategies, however, don’t guarantee great execution. A venture may fail if its founders do not hire the best people, attract capital, invest in organizational infrastructure, and shape a culture to suit the venture’s strategy. Founders must also consider the evolution of their personal roles. Entrepreneurs cannot build self-sustaining companies simply by “letting go.” While they sketch out the future, entrepreneurs must manage as if the company were about to go under. They must continually acquire new skills—and continually ask themselves where they want to go and how they will get there.
Of the hundreds of thousands of business ventures launched each year, many never get off the ground. Others fizzle after spectacular rocket starts. Why such dismal odds? Entrepreneurs—with their bias for action—often ignore ingredients essential to business success. These include a clear strategy, the right workforce talent, and organizational controls that spur performance without stifling employees’ initiative. Moreover, no two ventures take the same path. Thus entrepreneurs can’t look to formulas to navigate the myriad choices arising as their enterprise evolves. A decision that’s right for one venture may prove disastrous for another. How to chart a successful course for your venture? Bhide recommends asking yourself these questions:
Improvisation takes a venture only so far. Successful entrepreneurs keep asking tough questions about where they want to go—and whether the track they’re on will take them there. The Idea in Practice A closer look at Bhide’s three questions: Where Do I Want to Go?To articulate your goals for the enterprise, clarify:
How Will I Get There?Successful strategies:
Can I Do It?A great strategy is worthless unless you can execute it. To do so, you’ll need the right:
Of the hundreds of thousands of business ventures that entrepreneurs launch every year, many never get off the ground. Others fizzle after spectacular rocket starts. A version of this article appeared in the November–December 1996 issue of Harvard Business Review.
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