Growth and development are inseparable but they differ from each other. The growth represents the physical changes of an individual and development represents the overall changes, structure and shape of an individual. Show
Knowledge of the growth and development at the various stage is very essential for the teacher. The teacher has to stimulate the growth and development of a child. He can do it only if he has proper knowledge of the growth and development at various stages. Meaning of Growth and DevelopmentGrowth terms represent a purely physical sense of a person, i.e height, weight, size and length etc. Growth is quantitive. It starts with conception but ends at some particular age. Development implies the overall change in shape, form or structure, along with the function of the organ. Development is both quantitative and qualitative. It is a continuous process starting from the Womb and ending with the tomb. Principles of Growth and Development1. Principle of ContinuityThe development follows the principle of continuity which means that development is a continuous process. It starts with pre-natal and ends with death. 2. Principle of IntegrationDevelopment thus involves a movement from the whole to parts and from parts to the whole and this way it is the integration of the whole and its parts as well as the specific and general responses. It enables a child to develop satisfactorily concerning various aspects or dimensions of his personality. Example: Child first starts to learn hand movement then finger movement and then learn the movement of both hand and finger together this is called integration 3. Principle of lack of uniformity in the developmental rateDevelopment through a continuous process, but does not exhibit steadiness and uniformity in terms of the rate of development in various development of personality or the developmental periods and stages of life. Example: A person may have a high rate of growth and development in terms of height and weight but may not have the same pace of mental and social development. 4. Principle of individual differenceEvery organism is a distinct creation in itself. One of the most important principles of development is that involves individual differences. There is no fixed rate of development. That all children will learn to walk is universal, but the time at which each child takes his her first step may vary. Also Read What are the three domains of Bloom's Taxonomy? 5. Principle of uniformity patternAlthough development does not proceed at a uniform rate and shows marked individual differences concerning the process and outcome of various stages of development, it follows a definite pattern in one or the other dimension which is uniform and universal concerning the individual of a species. 6. Principe of proceeding from general to specificWhile developing to any aspect of personality. The child first pickup or exhibit a general response and learn how to show specific and goal-directed responses afterwards. 7. Principle of interaction between Heredity and EnvironmentThe development of a child is a process that cannot be defined wholly based on either heredity or environment. Both have to play an important role in development. There are arguments in favour of both. However, most psychologists agree that an interplay o these two factors leads to development. Where heredity decides or set some limits on development ( mostly physical), environmental influences complete the developmental process ( qualitative). Environmental influences provide space for multidimensional development through interaction with family, peers, society and so on. Growth and development is a joint product of heredity and environment. 8. Principle of interrelationVarious aspects or dimensions of one’s growth and development are interrelated. What is achieved or not achieved in one or other dimensions in the course of the gradual and continuous process of development surely affects the development of other dimensions. A healthy body tends to develop a healthy mind and an emotionally stable, physically strong, and socially conscious personality. Inadequate physical or mental development may, on the other hand, result in a socially or emotionally maladjusted personality. 9. Principle of CephalocaudalDevelopment proceeds in the direction of the longitudinal axis. Development from head to foot or toe. That is why, before it becomes able to stand, the child first gains control over his head and arms and then on his legs. Also Read Piaget's Stages of Child Development-B.Ed Notes 10. Principle of ProximodistalDevelopment of motor skills to start at central body parts to outwards. That is why, in the beginning, the child is seen to exercise control over the large fundamental muscles of the arm and then hand and only afterward over the smaller muscles of the fingers. 11. Principle of predictabilityDevelopment is predictable, which means that with the help of the uniformity of pattern and sequence of development. We can go to a great extent, forecast the general nature and behavior of a child in one or more aspects or dimensions at any particular stage of its growth and development. We can know the particular age at which children will learn to walk, speak, and so on.
12. Principle of Spiral versus Linear advancementThe child doesn’t proceed straight or linear on the path of development at any stage never takes place at a constant or steady pace. After the child had developed to a certain level, there is likely to be a period of rest for consolidation of the developmental progress achieved till then. In advancing further, therefore, the development turns back and then moves forward again in a spiral pattern Image source: Advanced Educational Psychology by S.K. Mangal 13. Principle of Association of Maturation and LearningBiological growth and development are known as maturation. Biological changes involve changes in the brain and the nervous system, which provide new abilities to a child. Development proceeds from simple to complex. In the beginning, a child learns through concrete objects and gradually moves to abstract thinking. This transition happens because of the maturation ConclusionThe principle of growth and development is one of the most important topics in child development psychology. We as a teacher must understand the different stages and principles of growth and development so that we can teach the students according to their age, interest, skills, and needs Educational Implication of the principles of growth and DevelopmentThe knowledge of the above–mentioned principles of growth and development may prove beneficial to us in several ways describe below:
Also Read Piaget's Stages of Child Development-B.Ed Notes References:
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