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The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Illinois General Assembly. Alongside the Illinois State Senate, it forms the legislative branch of the Illinois state government and works alongside the governor of Illinois to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Illinois House of Representatives include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes. The Illinois House of Representatives meets in the state capitol building in Springfield, Illinois. The Illinois State Legislature approved new state legislative maps in a special session on August 31, 2021. Gov. J.B. Pritzker (D) signed the new maps into law on September 24, 2021.[2] These maps were revised versions of maps enacted on June 4, 2021, that the legislature based on non-census population estimates. Following the release of census data in August, the legislature reconvened to develop and approve a revised map. These maps were later subject to a federal lawsuit that was decided on December 30, 2021, with the court upholding the maps enacted on September 24, 2021.[3] Learn more here. For more information about redistricting after the 2020 census, click here.
This page contains the following information on the Illinois House of Representatives. Party controlCurrent partisan controlThe table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Illinois House of Representatives as of July 2022: MembersLeadershipThe speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the body and is elected by its full membership. Duties of the speaker include preserving order and decorum, deciding all points of order, signing all bills and acts of the House, and appointing all chairs, co-chairs, and vice chairs of committees, as well as appointing all majority caucus members of committees. The minority leader appoints all minority caucus members to committees.[4] Current leadership and members
SalariesSee also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
Swearing in datesSee also: When state legislators assume office after a general electionIllinois legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January.[5] Membership qualificationsSee also: State legislature candidate requirements by stateArticle IV of the Illinois Constitution states: "To be eligible to serve as a member of the General Assembly, a person must be a United States citizen, at least 21 years old, and for the two years preceding his election or appointment a resident of the district which he is to represent."[6] Historical party controlFrom 1992 to 2020, the Illinois House of Representatives was under Democratic control except for after the 1994 elections when Republicans held a majority for one cycle. The table below shows the partisan history of the Illinois House of Representatives following every general election from 1992 to 2020. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff. Illinois House of Representatives election results: 1992-2020
From 1900 to 2020, the Illinois House of Representatives was a competitive chamber, switching partisan control 15 times. The time period from 1950 to 1980 was particularly competitive as the chamber changed control seven times. After the 1982 elections, Democrats built a majority that would hold power in most years through 2020. Democrats won a 67-51 majority in the 1992 elections. The next year, however, Republicans took control of the Illinois House with a 64-54 majority. That majority lasted just one cycle, as Democrats won a 60-58 majority in 1996. Following the 1996 elections, Democrats expanded their majority in the elections through 2008, when they won 70 seats. Republicans saw gains in 2010 as they won six seats and brought the Democratic majority to 64-54. However, in 2012, Democrats won back the seats they lost and more. They ended up with a 71-47 majority, which was enough for a three-fifths supermajority that could override gubernatorial vetoes. Democrats maintained their supermajority in the 2014 elections, despite the national trend toward Republicans that year. In 2016, Republicans broke the Democratic supermajority when they won 51 seats. However, Democrats regained their supermajority in 2018, controlling 74 seats after the election. Trifecta historyA state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2021, Illinois was under the following types of trifecta control: Democratic trifecta: 2003-2014, 2019-2021 Republican trifecta: 1995-1996 Divided government: 1992-1994, 1997-2002, 2015-2018 Illinois Party Control: 1992-2022
ElectionsElections by yearIllinois state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. Illinois holds elections for its legislature in even years. 2022See also: Illinois House of Representatives elections, 2022Elections for the Illinois House of Representatives will take place in 2022. The general election is on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 28, 2022. The filing deadline was March 14, 2022. 2020See also: Illinois House of Representatives elections, 2020Elections for the office of Illinois House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for March 17, 2020. The filing deadline was December 2, 2019. In the 2020 elections, the Democratic majority in the Illinois House of Representatives decreased from 74–44 to 73–45. Selection of speakerOn January 13, 2021, Emanuel Welch (D) was elected speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives. Welch replaced former House Speaker Michael Madigan (D), the longest-serving statehouse speaker in American history and chairman of the Illinois Democratic Party. To read more about the events leading up to Welch's election, click here. 2018See also: Illinois House of Representatives elections, 2018Elections for the Illinois House of Representatives took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on March 20, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was December 4, 2017.[7] In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Illinois House of Representatives from 67-51 to 74-44. 2016See also: Illinois House of Representatives elections, 2016Elections for the Illinois House of Representatives were held in 2016. The primary election was held on March 15, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was November 30, 2015.[8] All 118 seats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 2016. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 71-47 majority. Democrats lost four seats in the election, giving them a 67-51 majority.
VacanciesSee also: How vacancies are filled in state legislaturesIf there is a vacancy in the Illinois General Assembly, the state constitution mandates that the seat must be filled by appointment when allowed by law. The appointment must be made within 30 days after the vacancy. If a vacancy occurs in the Senate with more than twenty-eight months remaining in the term, the appointment is interim until the next general election, when a special election must be held. All other House and Senate vacancies are to be filled by an appointment from the same political party that last held the seat.[15] If the vacated seat was held by an independent (no party affiliation), the governor is to appoint an independent successor within 30 days.[16] The vacancy must be filled by the respective party organizations covering the legislative district.[17] The respective committeemen and committeewomen representing the legislative district must vote on a replacement.[18] The person selected for the seat serves for the remainder of the unfilled term.[19]  District mapSee also: Illinois state legislative districtsThe state of Illinois has 118 state House districts. Each district elects one representative each. Use the interactive map below to find your district. The map below shows this district's current boundaries, not those enacted as part of the 2020 redistricting cycle. Illinois House of Representatives District 1<\\\><\\\> RedistrictingSee also: Redistricting in IllinoisThe Illinois General Assembly is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a redistricting plan. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[20] In the event that both chambers of the state legislature do not approve a legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines. The majority and minority leaders of each chamber must appoint two members each to the commission (one legislator and one general citizen). Of the eight commission members, no more than four may belong to the same political party. In the event that these eight members cannot approve a plan, the Illinois Supreme Court must select two individuals (from different political parties) as potential tiebreakers. The secretary of state must then appoint one of these individuals to the backup commission to break the tie.[20] The Illinois Constitution requires that state legislative districts be "contiguous and reasonably compact." There are no such requirements in place for the state's congressional districts.[20] State law also mandates the establishment of state legislative districts "that allow racial or language minority communities to elect--or influence the election of--the candidates of their choice, even if no comparable district would be required by the federal Voting Rights Act."[20] 2020See also: Redistricting in Illinois after the 2020 censusThe Illinois State Legislature approved new state legislative maps in a special session on August 31, 2021. Gov. J.B. Pritzker (D) signed the new maps into law on September 24, 2021.[2] These maps were revised versions of maps enacted on June 4, 2021, that the legislature based on non-census population estimates. Following the release of census data in August, the legislature reconvened to develop and approve a revised map. These maps were later subject to a federal lawsuit that was decided on December 30, 2021, with the court upholding the maps enacted on September 24, 2021.[21] Learn more here. District map before and after 2020 redistrictingBelow is the state House map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Click a district to compare boundaries. 2010See also: Redistricting in Illinois after the 2010 censusFollowing the completion of the 2010 United States Census, Illinois lost one congressional seat. At the time of redistricting, Democrats held majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. On May 30, 2011, the Illinois House of Representatives approved a congressional redistricting plan. The Illinois State Senate approved the plan on May 31, 2011, and Governor Pat Quinn (D) signed it into law on June 24, 2011. Legal suits were filed challenging the new congressional district map, but these were all ultimately dismissed.[20][22][23] The state legislative redistricting plan was passed by the legislature on May 27, 2011. Quinn signed the map into law on June 3, 2011. As with the congressional map, lawsuits were filed challenging the new state legislative districts. These suits were ultimately dismissed.[20] SessionsLegislationThe legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Illinois House of Representatives has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the House to the Senate and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50. Dates of legislative sessions in Illinois by year2022See also: 2022 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2022 state legislative sessionsIn 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 5, 2022, and adjourn on April 9, 2022. 2021See also: 2021 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2021 state legislative sessionsIn 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 13, 2021, and adjourn on June 1, 2021. 2020See also: 2020 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2020 state legislative sessionsIn 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 8, 2020, and adjourn on May 23, 2020. See also: Changes to state legislative session dates in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020
Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The Illinois General Assembly suspended its session, effective March 16, 2020. The suspension was originally set to expire the week of March 23, 2020. It was subsequently extended. The legislature reconvened on May 20, 2020, before adjourning on May 23, 2020.[24][25][26][27][28][29] 2019See also: 2019 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2019 state legislative sessionsIn 2019, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2019, through November 14, 2019. 2018See also: 2018 Illinois legislative session and Dates of 2018 state legislative sessionsIn 2018, the legislature was in session from January 8, 2018, through May 31, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here.
About legislative sessions in IllinoisThe Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[64] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law. Article IV of the Illinois Constitution establishes when the Illinois General Assembly, of which the House is a part, is to be in session. Section 5 of Article IV states that the General Assembly will convene its regular session on the second Wednesday of January. Section 5 also creates rules for the convening of special sessions. The section allows the governor of Illinois to convene the General Assembly or the Senate alone. When the governor calls a special session, the General Assembly can generally only deal with matters related to the purpose of the session, as stated by the governor's proclamation of the session, but they can also deal with impeachments or confirmation of appointments. Section 5 also allows the presiding officers of both houses of the General Assembly to convene a special session through joint proclamation. Legislative roles and proceduresEvery state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, and procedures for filling membership vacancies. Veto overridesState legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Illinois are listed below. How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Three-fifths of members in both chambers.
Are there other special rules?
Authority: Article IV, Section 9 of the Illinois Constitution.
Role in state budgetSee also: Illinois state budget and financesIllinois operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is:[65][66]
Illinois is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[66] The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget.[66] CommitteesSee also: List of committees in Illinois state governmentEvery state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.
Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Illinois House of Representatives has 46 standing committees: Constitutional amendmentsIn every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures. The methods in which the Illinois Constitution can be amended: See also: Article XIV of the Illinois Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in IllinoisArticle XIV of the Illinois Constitution lays out four different routes that can be taken in order to change the constitution over time:
Any statewide ballot question concerning a constitutional convention, ratifying an amendment proposed by the Illinois General Assembly or adopting an initiated constitutional amendment must be approved by a supermajority vote of 60 percent of those voting on the question or a majority vote of those who cast a ballot for any office in the election. Historical context: Between 1995 and 2020, the following occurred in Illinois:
2023 measures: See also: 2023 ballot measuresCertified: The following measures were certified for the ballot.No measures to list
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2022 ballot by the legislature. See also: Illinois 2022 ballot measuresCertified: The following measures were certified for the ballot.
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