The molar concentration unit [mol/ L (M)] is a conventionally widely used as concentration method. It is the number of moles of target substance (solute) dissolved in 1 liter of solution. Here is how to calculate the concentration. (Weight of 1 liter solution) x (purity) ÷ molecular weight For example, let's calculate the molar concentration of 2-mercaptoethanol (HSCH2CH2OH). The necessary information is as follows.
By calculating this value by applying this value to the above equation, you can know the molar concentration. In order to caluculate the concentration like above, it is necessary to know three points of "specific gravity (or density)", "purity (or content)" and "molecular weight". The table below is a quick reference chart of common acid and base concentrations. In acid and alkali, there is a use for "neutralization titration", "normality (N)" is often used. 【Quick reference chart of common acid and base concentrations】
【Quick reference of concentration and unit】 ●How to express concentration of solution
●Prefix representing multiple
●ppmConversion table
The percentage concentration of any solution is most commonly expressed as mass percent: Mass % of any component of the solution = Other methods are: Volume % of a component = i.e. Mass by Volume percentage = Here's a point to be kept in mind : The concentration of a solution is most of the time expressed as the number of moles of solute present in 1 Liter of the solution (also called molarity ) (There are also other ways to express concentration. Please follow this link. ) EXAMPLE: (b) What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of sodium hydroxide in enough water to make a total of 225 mL of solution? Solution Moles of NaOH = 15.0 g NaOH × #(1"mol NaOH")/(40.00"g NaOH")# = 0.375 mol NaOH
Volume = 225 mL × #(1"L")/(1000"mL")# = 0.225 L soln
Molarity = #(0.375"mol")/(0.225"L")# = 1.67 mol/L
Let's address the question for both percent concentration by mass and for percent concentration by volume. Percent concentration by mass is defined as the mass of solute divided by the total mass of the solution and multiplied by 100%. So, #c% = m_(solute)/(m_(solution)) * 100%#, where #m_(solution) = m_(solvent) + m_(solute)# There are two ways to change a solution's concentration by mass
Let's take an example to better illustrate this concept. Say we dissolve 10.0g of a substance in 100.0g of water. Our concentration by mass will be #c% = (10.0g)/(10.0g + 100.0g) * 100% = 9.09%# Now let's try doubling the mass of the solute; the new concentration will be #c% = (2 * 10.0g)/(2*10.0g + 100.0g) * 100% = 16.7%# However, if we keep the mass of the solute at 10.0g and doubled the mass of the solvent (in this case, water), the concentration will be #c% = (10.0g)/(10.0g + 2*100.0g) * 100% = 4.76%# The same is true for percent concentration by volume, which is defined as the volume of the solute divided by the total volume of the solution and multiplied by 100%. #c_(volume)% = V_(solute)/(V_(solute) + V_(solvent)) * 100%# It's easy to see that manipulating either the volume of the solute or the volume of the solvent (or both) would change the solution's percent concentration by volume.
There are two types of percent concentration: percent by mass and percent by volume. PERCENT BY MASS Percent by mass (m/m) is the mass of solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100 %. Percent by mass = #"mass of solute"/"total mass of solution"# × 100 % Example What is the percent by mass of a solution that contains 26.5 g of glucose in 500 g of solution? Solution Percent by mass = #"mass of glucose"/"total mass of solution" × 100 % = (26.5"g")/(500"g")# × 100 % = 5.30 % PERCENT BY VOLUME Percent by volume (v/v) is the volume of solute divided by the total volume of the solution, multiplied by 100 %. Percent by volume = #"volume of solute"/"total volume of solution"# × 100 % Example How would you prepare 250 mL of 70 % (v/v) of rubbing alcohol Solution 70 % = #"volume of rubbing alcohol"/"total volume of solution" × 100 %# × 100 % So Volume of rubbing alcohol = volume of solution × #"70 %"/"100 %"# = 250 mL × #70/100# = 175 mL You would add enough water to 175 mL of rubbing alcohol to make a total of 250 mL of solution.
|