Death and the Civil War | Timeline
For four straight years, Union and Confederate soldiers battled during the bloodiest war in American history. Both sides suffered unprecedented casualties, and the severe lack of infrastructure made accurate accounting of those soldiers near impossible. By definition, military "casualties" include not only the dead, but also the injured, ill, captured, and missing. To this day, exact numbers are impossible to determine, and scholars dispute even the most well-researched estimates. However, these staggering numbers still offer profound insight into the immense tragedy experienced by the American people throughout the Civil War. April 12, 1861: Battle of Fort Sumter June 30, 1861: Battle of Philippi Casualties: 30 4 Union 26 Confederate  July 21, 1861: First Battle of Bull Run/First Battle of Manassas Casualties: 4,700 2,950 Union 1,750 Confederate August 28-29, 1861: Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries Casualties: 773 3 Union 770 Confederate October 21, 1861: Battle of Ball's Bluff Casualties: 1,070 921 Union 149 Confederate November 7, 1861: Battle of Belmont Casualties: 1,464 498 Union 966 Confederate January 19, 1862: Battle of Mill Springs Casualties: 671 232 Union 439 Confederate February 6, 1862: Battle of Fort Henry Casualties: 119 40 Union 79 Confederate February 11, 1862: Battle of Fort Donelson Casualties: 17,398 2,331 Union 15,067 Confederate March 8, 1862: Battle of Hampton Roads Casualties: 433 409 Union 24 Confederate March 23, 1862: First Battle of Kernstown Casualties: 1,308 590 Union 718 Confederate April 5, 1862: Siege of Yorktown April 6-7, 1862: Battle of Shiloh Casualties: 23,741 13,047 Union 10,694 Confederate April 10-11, 1862: Battle of Fort Pulaski Casualties: 365 1 Union 364 Confederate April 25, 1862: Capture of New Orleans May 31, 1862: Battle of Seven Pines Casualties: 13,736 5,739 Union 7,997 Confederate June 6, 1862: Battle of Memphis Casualties: 181 1 Union 180 Confederate June 26, 1862: Battle of Beaver Dam Creek Casualties: 1,700 400 Union 1,300 Confederate June 27, 1862: Battle of Gaines' Mill Casualties: 15,500 6,800 Union 8,700 Confederate June 30, 1862: Battle of Glendale July 1, 1862: Battle of Malvern Hill August 9, 1862: Battle of Cedar Mountain Casualties: 2,707 1,400 Union 1,307 Confederate August 28-30, 1862: Second Battle of Bull Run/Second Battle of Manassas Casualties: 22,180 13,830 Union 8,350 Confederate September 1, 1862: Battle of Chantilly Casualties: 2,100 1,300 Union 800 Confederate September 14, 1862: Battle of South Mountain September 17, 1862: Battle of Antietam October 8, 1862: Battle of Perryville Casualties: 7,407 4,211 Union 3,196 Confederate December 13, 1862: Battle of Fredericksburg Casualties: 17,929 13,353 Union 4,576 Confederate December 31, 1862 - January 2, 1863: Battle of Stones River Casualties: 23,515 13,249 Union 10,266 Confederate January 9-11, 1863: Battle of Arkansas Post Casualties: 6,547 1,047 Union 5,500 Confederate April 30 - May 1, 1863: Battle of Chancellorsville May 12, 1863: Battle of Raymond Casualties: 956 442 Union 514 Confederate May 18 - July 4, 1863: Siege of Vicksburg Casualties: 19,233 10,142 Union 9,091 Confederate May 21 - July 9, 1863: Siege of Port Hudson Casualties: 12,208 5,000 Union 7,208 Confederate June 9, 1863: Battle of Brandy Station July 1-3, 1863: Battle of Gettysburg Casualties: 51,000 23,000 Union 28,000 Confederate July 11, 1863: First Battle of Fort Wagner Casualties: 351 339 Union 12 Confederate July 18, 1863: Second Battle of Fort Wagner Casualties: 1,689 1,515 Union 174 Confederate September 19-20, 1863: Battle of Chickamauga Casualties: 34,624 16,170 Union 18,454 Confederate November 23-25, 1863: Battle of Chattanooga Casualties: 12,485 5,815 Union 6,670 Confederate May 5-7, 1864: Battle of the Wilderness Casualties: 29,800 18,400 Union 11,400 Confederate May 8-21, 1864: Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse Casualties: 30,000 18,000 Union 12,000 Confederate May 13, 1864: Battle of Resaca Casualties: 5,547 2,747 Union 2,800 Confederate May 15, 1864: Battle of New Market Casualties: 1,380 840 Union 540 Confederate May 31 - June 12, 1864: Battle of Cold Harbor Casualties: 15,500 13,000 Union 2,500 Confederate July 22, 1864: Battle of Atlanta Casualties: 12,140 3,641 Union 8,499 Confederate July 24, 1864: Second Battle of Kernstown Casualties: 1,800 1,200 Union 600 Confederate July 30, 1864: Battle of the Crater August 5, 1864: Battle of Mobile Bay Casualties: 1,822 322 Union 1,500 Confederate August 18-21, 1864: Battle of Globe Tavern Casualties: 5,879 4,279 Union 1,600 Confederate August 31 - September 1, 1864: Battle of Jonesborough Casualties: 3,149 1,149 Union 2,000 Confederate October 19, 1864: Battle of Cedar Creek Casualties: 8,575 5,665 Union 2,910 Confederate November - December, 1864: Sherman's March to the Sea November 29, 1864: Battle of Spring Hill November 30, 1864: Battle of Franklin Casualties: 8,587 2,326 Union 6,261 Confederate December 15-16, 1864: Battle of Nashville Casualties: 6,602 2,140 Union 4,462 Confederate January 13-15, 1865: Second Battle of Fort Fisher March 19-21, 1865: Battle of Bentonville Casualties: 4,738 1,646 Union 3,092 Confederate April 1, 1865: Battle of Five Forks Casualties: 3,780 830 Union 2,950 Confederate April 6, 1865: Battle of Sailor's Creek April 9, 1865: Surrender at Appomattox Court House Casualties: 700 27,805 Confederate soldiers paroled |
What three major battles took place in 1863, and why was each important?
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