What reflex occurs when the sole of the foot of an infant is stroked and the infant responds by fanning out the toes and twisting the foot in?

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Adaptation To Piaget, the process of adjustment that enables people to function more effectively in meeting the demands they face in the environment.

Adolescence The period of life beginning at puberty and ending with early adulthood.

Alzheimer?s Disease An irreversible brain disease with a progressive course toward inevitable deterioration of mental functioning.

Amniotic Sac The uterine sac that contains the fetus.

Animistic Thinking To Piaget, the child?s belief that inanimate objects have living qualities.

Assimilation To Piaget, the process of incorporating new objects or situations into existing schemas.

Attachment The enduring emotional bond that infants and older children form with their caregivers.

Conservation In Piaget?s theory, the ability to recognize that the quantity or amount of an object remains constant despite superficial changes in its outward appearance.

Crystallized Intelligence A form of intelligence associated with the ability to use accumulated knowledge.

Developmental Psychology The branch of psychology that explores physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of development.

Egocentrism To Piaget, the tendency to see the world only from one?s own perspective.

Embryo The developing organism at an early stage of prenatal development.

Embryonic Stage The stage of prenatal development from implantation through about the eighth week of pregnancy during which the major organ systems begin to form.

Emerging Adulthood The period of psychosocial development, roughly spanning ages 18 to 25, during which the person makes the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Eyeblink Reflex The reflexive blinking of the eyes that protects the newborn from bright light and foreign objects.

Fertilization The union of sperm and ovum.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Fas) A syndrome caused by maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy in which the child shows developmental delays and facial deformities.

Fetal Stage The stage of prenatal development in which the fetus develops, beginning around the ninth week of pregnancy and lasting until the birth of the child.

Fetus The developing organism in the later stages of prenatal development.

Fluid Intelligence A form of intelligence associated with the ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems.

Formal Operations The level of full cognitive maturity in Piaget?s theory, characterized by the ability to think in abstract terms.

Imaginary Audience The common belief among adolescents that they are the center of other people?s attention.

Imprinting The formation of a strong bond of the newborn animal to the first moving object seen after birth.

Irreversibility To Piaget, the inability to reverse the direction of a sequence of events to their starting point.

Menarche The first menstruation.

Menopause The time of life when menstruation ends.

Midlife Crisis A state of psychological crisis, often occurring during middle adulthood, in which people grapple with the loss of their youth.

Moro Reflex An inborn reflex, elicited by a sudden noise or loss of support, in which the infant extends its arms, arches its back, and brings its arms toward each other as though attempting to grab hold of someone.

Osteoporosis A bone disease characterized by a loss of bone density in which the bones become porous, brittle, and more prone to fracture.

Ovaries The female gonads, which secrete the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone and produce mature egg cells.

Ovulation The release of an ovum from an ovary.

Personal Fable The common belief among adolescents that their feelings and experiences cannot possibly be understood by others and that they are personally invulnerable to harm.

Placenta The organ that provides for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials between mother and fetus.

Primary Sex Characteristics Physical characteristics, such as the gonads, that differentiate males and females and play a direct role in reproduction.

Puberty The stage of development at which individuals become physiologically capable of reproducing.

Rooting Reflex The reflexive turning of the newborn?s head in the direction of a touch on its cheek.

Rubella A common childhood disease that can lead to serious birth defects if contracted by the mother during pregnancy (also called German measles).

Secondary Sex Characteristics Physical characteristics that differentiate males and females but are not directly involved in reproduction.

Spina Bifida A neural tube defect in which the child is born with a hole in the tube surrounding the spinal cord.

Standard Scores Scores that represent an individual?s relative deviation from the mean of the standardization sample.

Sucking Reflex Rhythmic sucking in response to stimulation of the tongue or mouth.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Sids) The sudden and unexplained death of infants that usually occurs when they are asleep in their cribs.

Symbolic Representations A term referring to the use of words to represent (name) objects and describe experiences.

Teratogen An environmental influence or agent that may harm the developing embryo or fetus.