What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence IPV )? Group of answer choices?

Risk factors are linked to a greater likelihood of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. They are contributing factors, but might not be direct causes. A combination of individual, relational, community, and societal factors contribute to the risk of becoming a perpetrator of IPV. Understanding these multilevel factors can help identify various opportunities for prevention.

Watch Moving Forward to learn more about how increasing what protects people from violence and reducing what puts people at risk for it benefits everyone.

Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration

Individual Risk Factors

• Low self-esteem
• Low education or income
• Young age
• Aggressive or delinquent behavior as a youth
• Heavy alcohol and drug use
• Depression and suicide attempts
• Anger and hostility
• Lack of nonviolent social problem-solving skills
• Antisocial personality traits and conduct problems
• Poor behavioral control and impulsiveness
• Traits associated with borderline personality disorder
• History of being physically abusive
• Having few friends and being isolated from other people
• Economic stress (e.g., unemployment)
• Emotional dependence and insecurity
• Belief in strict gender roles (e.g., male dominance and aggression in relationships)
• Desire for power and control in relationships
• Hostility towards women
• Attitudes accepting or justifying violence and aggression
• History of physical or emotional abuse in childhood

Relationship Factors

• Relationship conflicts including jealousy, possessiveness, tension, divorce, or separations
• Dominance and control of the relationship by one partner over the other
• Families experiencing economic stress
• Unhealthy family relationships and interactions
• Association with antisocial and aggressive peers
• Parents with less than a high-school education
• Witnessing violence between parents as a child
• History of experiencing poor parenting as a child
• History of experiencing physical discipline as a child

Community Factors

• Communities with high rates of poverty and limited educational and economic opportunities
• Communities with high unemployment rates
• Communities with high rates of violence and crime
• Communities where neighbors don’t know or look out for each other and there is low community involvement among residents
• Communities with easy access to drugs and alcohol
• Weak community sanctions against IPV (for example, unwillingness of neighbors to intervene in situations where they witness violence)

Societal Factors

• Traditional gender norms and gender inequality (for example, the idea women should stay at home, not enter the workforce, and be submissive; men should support the family and make the decisions)
• Cultural norms that support aggression toward others
• Societal income inequality
• Weak health, educational, economic, and social policies or laws

Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration

Relationship Factors

• Strong social support networks and stable, positive relationships with other

Community Factors

• Neighborhood collective efficacy, meaning residents feel connected to each other and are involved in the community
• Coordination of resources and services among community agencies
• Communities with access to safe, stable housing
• Communities with access to medical care and mental health services
• Communities with access to economic and financial help

See Intimate Partner Violence Resources for more publications and resources about preventing intimate partner violence. 

1. Capaldi, D. M., Knoble, N. B., Shortt, J. W., & Kim, H. K. (2012). A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse, 3(2), 231-80.
2. Stith, S. M., Smith, D. B., Penn, C. E., Ward, D. B., & Tritt, D. (2004). Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: a meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(1), 65-98.
3. Vagi, K. J., Rothman, E. F., Latzman, N. E., Tharp, A. T., Hall, D. M., & Breiding, M. J. (2013). Beyond correlates: a review of risk and protective factors for adolescent dating violence perpetration. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(4), 633-649.
4. Malhi N, Oliffe JL, Bungay V, Kelly MT. Male Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Violence: A Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health. 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):1557988320963600. doi: 10.1177/1557988320963600. PMID: 33045903; PMCID: PMC7557791.
5. Pinto LA, Sullivan EL, Rosenbaum A, Wyngarden N, Umhau JC, Miller MW, Taft CT. Biological correlates of intimate partner violence perpetration. Aggression and violent behavior. 2010 Sep 1;15(5):387-98.
6. Matjasko, J. L., Niolon, P. H., & Valle, L. A. (2013). The role of economic factors and economic support in preventing and escaping from intimate partner violence. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 32(1), 122- 128.
7. McCarthy KJ, Mehta R, Haberland NA (2018) Gender, power, and violence: A systematic review of measures and their association with male perpetration of IPV. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0207091. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207091external icon
8. Pichon M, Treves-Kagan S, Stern E, Kyegombe N, Stöckl H, Buller AM. A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review: Infidelity, Romantic Jealousy and Intimate Partner Violence against Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 6;17(16):5682. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165682. PMID: 32781565; PMCID: PMC7459695.
9. Fang X, Corso PS. Gender differences in the connections between violence experienced as a child and perpetration of intimate partner violence in young adulthood. Journal of Family Violence. 2008 Jul;23(5):303-13
10. Kearns, M. C., Reidy, D. E., & Valle, L. A. (2015). The role of alcohol policies in preventing intimate partner violence: a review of the literature. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76(1), 21-30.
11. Heise LL, Kotsadam A. Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: an analysis of data from population-based surveys. The Lancet Global Health. 2015 Jun 1;3(6):e332-40.
12. Khalifeh H, Hargreaves J, Howard LM, Birdthistle I. Intimate partner violence and socioeconomic deprivation in England: findings from a national cross-sectional survey. American journal of public health. 2013 Mar;103(3):462-72.
13. Johnson L, Stylianou AM. Coordinated Community Responses to Domestic Violence: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. September 2020. doi:10.1177/1524838020957984
14. Post LA, Klevens J, Maxwell CD, Shelley GA, Ingram E. An examination of whether coordinated community responses affect intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2010 Jan;25(1):75-93.
15. Baker, C. K., Billhardt, K. A., Warren, J., Rollins, C., & Glass, N. E. (2010). Domestic violence, housing instability, and homelessness: a review of housing policies and program practices for meeting the needs of survivors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(2010), 430–439.
16. Klein LB, Chesworth BR, Howland-Myers JR, Rizo CF, Macy RJ. Housing Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence Survivors: A Systematic Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 2021;22(2):249-264. doi:10.1177/1524838019836284
17. Mariscal TL, Hughes CM, Modrek S. Changes in incidents and payment methods for intimate partner violence related injuries in women residing in the United States, 2002 to 2015. Women’s health issues. 2020 Sep 1;30(5):338-44.
18. Spencer RA, Livingston MD, Woods-Jaeger B, Rentmeester ST, Sroczynski N, Komro KA. The impact of temporary assistance for needy families, minimum wage, and Earned Income Tax Credit on Women’s well-being and intimate partner violence victimization. Social Science & Medicine. 2020 Dec 1;266:113355.
19. Pronyk PM, Hargreaves JR, Kim JC, Morison LA, Phetla G, Watts C, Busza J, Porter JD. Effect of a structural intervention for the prevention of intimate-partner violence and HIV in rural South Africa: a cluster randomized trial. The lancet. 2006 Dec 2;368(9551):1973-83.

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? The birth of the first child.

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence IPV )?

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? The victims of IPV do not report the abuse. Passing on one’s heritage, possessions, and wealth is: Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one’s culture and family.

Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate?

Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960’s? Men were granted more freedom and often allowed to work from home which put more strain on their marital relationships, and which also coincided with women becoming more educated and more aware of their legal rights.

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture quizlet?

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family. You just studied 11 terms!

When a sociologist says that she used a cohort study to gather and analyze her data What does she mean?

When a sociologist says that she used a cohort study to gather and analyze her data, what does she mean? She took a large number of subjects and collected a large amount of data which she broke down into measurable and consistent groups as a way to make the facts clearer to her audience.

What is the most stressful time for a marriage?

Terms in this set (10)

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? The birth of the first child.

What is the relationship between intimate partner violence and marriage?

What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage? a. Men and women who are married feel empowered to report abuse, thus the statistics we have on IPV between married couples are very accurate.

What is one way the people of the United States and the world are reaching and abusing the earths carrying capacity?

What is one way the people of the United States, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth’s carrying capacity? Pollution, like many other issues in the world, has become a global issue.

How do elderly widows and widowers react to death of their significant other?

How do elderly widows and widowers react to death of their significant other? Differently: elderly widows often remarry while elderly widowers do not. Similarly: both elderly widows and widowers often remarry. Similarly: both elderly widows and widowers do not often remarry.

Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model quizlet?

Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model? It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.

In which part of the family life cycle do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage quizlet?

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage? – The first year of marriage.

Which text is considered sacred to Christians of all sects?

The sacred text for Christians is the Bible. While Jews, Christians, and Muslims share many of same historical religious stories, their beliefs verge.

Why do sociologists study the family?

It often focuses on the family because it is the primary institution for socializing children and caring for the elderly. … Sociology studies the social structures, public policies, and cultural contexts that impact families including marriage, divorce, single parenthood, and members’ health and well-being.

What are the 10 sociological concepts?

• Functionalism. Norms and Values. Norms = the normal, typical or expected patterns of behaviour associated with societies or specific contexts or social roles. …
• Marxism. Capitalism and Private Property. …
• Feminism. Patriarchy. …
• Interactionism. The I and the Me.

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture group of answer choices?

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

Which sociologist is most likely to argue that religion is important because it adds meaning?

Which position describes Karl Marx’s view of religion and society? Some believe that religion is important because it adds meaning to people’s lives ad provides answers to difficult questions.