What classifies a medium-sized dog?

Medium-sized dogs include some of the most popular breeds in the nation, says the American Kennel Club (AKC), and it's no wonder. Medium-sized dog breeds are the Goldilocks of dogs — not too big, not too small and just right for many prospective pet parents. Learn more about these perfectly sized pooches and whether one of them might be right for you.

How Big Are Medium-Sized Dogs?

What classifies a medium-sized dog?
Dogs  weighing around 30 pounds (14 kg) or less are generally considered small dogs and any breed over 55 pounds (25 kg) is usually considered a large dog. This means that medium dogs span a wide range of body weights. To make it easier to define exactly what size dog you're looking for. Medium-sized dogs can be categorized into three distinct groups:

  1. Medium small, which includes standard dachshunds, corgis and French bulldogs.
  2. Medium, which is where you would find beagles and border collies.
  3. Medium large, which can include Samoyed, shar-peis and female members of larger breeds, such as Airedale terriers and standard poodles, who tend to be smaller than their male counterparts.

Benefits of Medium-Sized Dogs

Medium dogs include a wide range of breeds from just about every AKC-recognized group except the Toy group, which includes all breeds under 10 pounds (4.5 kg). While their temperaments and traits are as varied as their sizes, medium-sized dog breeds in general come with a number of benefits.

Some medium dog breeds can be hardier, sturdier and are large enough to handle vigorous activity better than smaller dogs. If you try to go jogging with a Chihuahua you're likely to end up carrying him most of the way, but a border collie mix would have no trouble keeping up. Medium dogs also require less room, are easier to transport and cost less to feed than large dogs. For many families, this happy middle makes medium mutts the perfect fit.

How to Choose a Medium-Sized Pup

There's a lot more to choosing the right dog than settling on a size. When you're considering welcoming a dog to your family, it's a good idea to factor in his temperament, energy levels and grooming needs to determine whether he will be a good fit. It's also a good idea to make a list of potential dog breeds and then research those breeds to see which will be a good fit in terms of their characteristics.

Keep in mind that mixed breed dogs also come in a wide range of sizes and can make wonderful family companions. If you are looking for a dog of a certain size, talk to a pet adoption counselor at the shelter where you're thinking of adopting. They can help you determine whether a dog's needs and personality are a good match for your living situation.

Best Medium-Size Dog Breeds for Families

What classifies a medium-sized dog?
Here are just a handful of popular medium dog breeds you might want to consider:

  • Cocker spaniel: The AKC's smallest sporting spaniel, these kid-friendly, sturdy dogs stand about 14 inches (35 cm). Their thick coats require frequent brushing, but when properly groomed they are undeniably pretty pups. Cockers are energetic and friendly and make fantastic playmates for children.
  • English springer spaniel: Slightly larger than the cocker spaniel at about 19 inches (48 cm) tall, this is another beautiful breed with a coat that requires regular maintenance. What springers cost in groomer's fees, they more than make up for in personality. These eager-to-please pups love company, so they're not a good choice for a home where the humans will be gone all day.
  • Dachshund: While the diminutive miniature dachshund might be the first thing you think of with this breed, the 32-pound (14.5 kg) standard variety is large enough to fit the small end of the medium scale. Dachshunds are smart, brash and have a stubborn streak that is often as endearing as it is frustrating.
  • Basset hound: These floppy-eared scent hounds have the strength and stamina of a large dog packed into a sturdy little body. Bassets are tenacious when tracking prey, but the rest of the time they are laid back, gentle dogs with agreeable temperaments and fierce loyalty toward their humans.
  • Standard schnauzer: Schnauzers come in small, medium and large varieties, with the standard schnauzer falling in the middle at around 40 pounds (18 kg). These are upbeat dogs who love their humans with a fierce and protective loyalty. They need a lot of activity to burn off excess energy and keep from getting bored. Some schnauzers will also bond strongly with only one person, so these might not be the best dogs to introduce to new partners or children.
  • Corgi: Corgis on their squat little legs come in two varieties: the endearingly tailless Pembroke Welsh corgis, and the slightly larger Cardigan Welsh corgis with long, bushy tails. Both varieties are bright, athletic, easy to train and loyal.
  • Border collie: These medium-sized herding dogs are among the most highly intelligent dog breeds. Athletic and easy to train, border collies are happiest when they have a job to do. If not given an outlet for their energy and instincts, such as agility or obedience training, they might resort to trying to herd people and other pets.
  • Beagle: Reaching up to 15 inches (38 cm) at the shoulder, the sweet-faced beagle's personality is chipper and loyal. They tend to be happy-go-lucky, friendly and loving, and are a great choice for families with children who can provide plenty of playtime.

This is just a small sampling of dogs available in the medium range. All of the medium-sized dog breeds are too numerous to list here, and if you add in mixed breeds, the options are nearly endless. Your local shelter might have a just-right pup waiting for you to find him. To learn more about medium dog breeds, check out the Hill's Pet dog breed primer. With so much variety, you're sure to find the right size companion for your home.

What classifies a medium-sized dog?

Jean Marie Bauhaus

Jean Marie Bauhaus is a pet parent, pet blogger and novelist from Tulsa, Oklahoma, where she usually writes under the supervision of a lapful of furbabies.

Usually, the size of dogs is classified based on their weight. It’s mainly divided into 3 categories: small, medium and large dogs. Although it is also common to be divided into subcategories such as miniature dogs (toy and teacup dogs) and giant or extra large dog breeds.

There is no specific agreement on the classification of dog sizes. Depending on the source that is consulted, the weight ranges vary.

You might see some minor differences between the weight categories, but they usually remain within a few pounds of their general weights. 

Here is a general guide that can help you determine what size category your dog belongs to:

  • Small dogs. 2 to 22 pounds 
    • Miniature dogs. 3 to 12 pounds
      • Toy dogs. 5 to 12 pounds 
      • Teacup dogs. 4 or less pounds
  • Medium dogs. 24 to 57 pounds
  • Large dogs. 59 to 99 pounds
  • Giant or Extra Large dogs. 100 or more pounds

Why Is It Important to Know the Difference Between a Small, Medium or Large Dog

It is important to know the size category of our dog since there are different care, health, and longevity aspects that come with certain dog sizes we need to take into account.

We have to consider that to know the size of a dog it is not enough to know the breed since in some of them the size can vary considerably.

Below you will find more in-depth information on each dog size category.

Small Dog Breeds

What classifies a medium-sized dog?

Small dogs are beloved for their miniature size and their enormous personalities. In fact, many people look into getting small dogs because of how adorably tiny they are. I personally find dogs this small to be precious as you can scoop them up very easily.

Small dogs do tend to have health issues that are associated with their smaller statures, though. Because these dogs are bred almost exclusively for their small size, a whole slew of hereditary problems can occur. With that being said, small dogs (aside from teacup dogs) tend to live the longest.

Many of the issues that come with small dogs are behavioral. They tend to be bold and aggressive, often picking fights with just about anyone. While this can be problematic if you do not properly train your small dog, small dogs make for excellent watchdogs because of this.

If you are planning to get a small breed of dog, you should expect to deal with lots and lots of barking and you should consider what your neighbors will think of the loud, yippy barks that small breeds often have.

The average lifespan of an otherwise healthy small dog breed is going to be about 10 to 13 years, although they can live longer in some cases. For instance, Chihuahuas, a common small dog breed, can live between 12 and 18 years.

The category of small dogs tends to range from 2 to 22 pounds. The height of a small dog breed can range from 6 to 18 inches.

Small dog breeds that are the most common will include:

  • Beagle
  • Boston Terrier
  • Cocker Spaniel
  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
  • Yorkshire

Toy Dog Breeds

What classifies a medium-sized dog?

Toy dog breeds are a smaller classification of the small dog breed. They tend to be extremely small and they are exclusively pets kept for their small size and stature. Some people argue that they make up for their small size with massive personalities.

This personality manifests in activity and vocalization. These dogs love to run around, shouting, and playing with their favorite people. If you are not interested in such a lifestyle, you should consider getting another type of dog instead.

These dogs also tend to have long lifespans, usually between 12 and 18 years depending on the specific breed of dog. They usually have minimal health issues, aside from any injuries sustained from picking a fight with a Pitbull.

This category of dogs tends to be closer to 5 to 12 pounds in weight and never breaching 12 inches in height, aside from some specific breeds.

Some of the more popular breeds of toy dogs include:

  • Chinese Crested
  • Maltese
  • Shih Tzu
  • Pekingese
  • Pomeranian

Teacup Dog Breeds

What classifies a medium-sized dog?

Teacup dogs are yet another small breed of dog but this time they are even smaller than toy dogs. They are bred almost exclusively for that iconic size and they are an incredibly vocal bunch of dogs.

It is a little bit more difficult to classify teacup dogs for what they are as some major organizations such as the American Kennel Club don’t recognize teacup dogs as specific breeds. However, it is usually considered a dog that weighs 4 pounds at most as a Teacup dog.

This means that teacup dogs are very much some of the smallest dogs that you can find out there.

You should keep in mind that because these dogs are bred so exclusively, there is a variety of health and hereditary problems that come with them. While they can live for a long time, it can cost a lot of money to care for these problems.

Some breeds that are commonly called teacup dogs include:

  • Teacup Maltese
  • Teacup Pomskies
  • Teacup Yorkshire Terriers
  • Teacup Bichon Frisé
  • Teacup Chihuahua

Medium Dog Breeds

What classifies a medium-sized dog?

Medium dog breeds can be considered the sweet spot of all dog breeds. The dogs won’t be too large but they won’t be too small. They are playful but not hyperactive.

These dogs are a loving addition to any family who will welcome them.

These dogs don’t tend to live as long as their smaller counterparts, lasting closer to 10 to 13 years instead. This is still a long lifespan, but the larger a dog gets, the shorter it will live. This is something to keep in mind when you are searching for a new dog to take into the house.

These dogs do tend to have some health problems but not that many. Certain breeds might have trouble with their hips, but it depends almost entirely on the breed.

If you are looking for a work dog, medium dog breeds are ones to look at. Some of them will be better at guarding and watching, whereas others can make excellent service or emotional support animals. These dogs are not always the best for hard, heavy labor though, depending on where they come from.

Medium dogs are usually between 24 and 57 pounds and they stand at a height ranging anywhere between 18 to 25 inches at the shoulder. The head can add a considerable amount of height, depending on the dog.

Because this is one of the largest groupings of dog breeds, there are many examples that you can choose from. Some of the more well-known breeds include:

  • Bulldog 
  • Basset Hounds
  • Border Collie
  • Dalmatian
  • Australian Shepherd

Large Dog Breeds

What classifies a medium-sized dog?

These dogs are large and don’t always realize it. Some of the friendlier dogs of this category will want to get up onto your lap and cuddle with you even if they are half your height.

Large dogs are usually very friendly, although the more aggressive breeds can become dangerous. Large dogs can come in many different variations, some with long flowing hair and others with short, easy-to-manage hair.

Large dogs do not tend to live that long, unfortunately. Depending on just how large your large breed of dog is, its lifespan can be closer to 8 years. Generally, large dogs will live between 8 and 10 years, depending on health.

Also, unfortunately, large dogs tend to have more musculoskeletal problems, almost always in the hips. This is because of the size of the dog. If you are looking for a working dog, especially one that will be doing hard labor, this is something to keep in mind.

Speaking of working dogs, large dogs can be great sled dogs. These dogs might not always be the best service animals, though, given their inherently friendly nature. Depending on the breed of dog, you can expect to have a terrifying guard dog if you choose a dog such as a pit bull.

Large dogs will usually weigh between 59 and 99 pounds and can be as tall as 30 inches or more. Some dogs will be tall and slender, whereas others will be large and bulky.

As for which dogs you can expect to see in the large dog breed classification, some of the most popular dogs include:

  • Rottweiler
  • German Shepherd
  • Alaskan Malamute
  • Boxer
  • Golden Retriever

Giant Dog Breeds

What classifies a medium-sized dog?

If you thought that the large dog breeds were as large as dogs get, you were sorely mistaken. There are some dogs out there that can be absolutely massive in size. However, many drawbacks come with this size.

Giant dogs are wonderful companions if you have the strength to handle them when they get excited on a walk. They are usually very friendly and will attempt to sit on your lap despite weighing as much as you do. 

They are good with some families, but you should be careful letting them around children as their large size might accidentally hurt the kids despite the friendly demeanor.

Giant dogs, sadly, have the shortest lifespan of them all. They usually live between 5 and 8 years. This is because of a theory about the size of a dog and relation to its weight.

It has been thought that the size of a dog correlates directly to its lifespan, which is why large dogs tend to live for very short periods of time compared to small dogs. The rule of thumb is for every four pounds of weight a dog has, you take about a month off the lifespan. When your dog weighs about 200 pounds, that’s a lot of months to remove.

These dogs also have a slew of health issues, both hereditary and musculoskeletal. You can expect to spend a considerable amount of money keeping these dogs healthy throughout their lives.

Because of the health problems and short lifespans, while these dogs are fantastic at pulling heavy loads and hunting, they will not be able to work for nearly as long. This is something to keep in mind when you are looking at giant working dogs.

Giant dogs can weigh anywhere from 100 pounds on up with most healthy dogs weighing not more than 200 pounds. They usually show their size more in bulk rather than height, although some giant dogs can reach well over 30 inches in height.

Some of the most recognizable breeds of giant dogs include:

  • Great Dane
  • Irish Wolfhound
  • Saint Bernard
  • Mastiff
  • Newfoundland

Final Thoughts

There is a lot to consider when looking at the size of a dog.

Generally, smaller dogs will live longer, have fewer issues with health, and are more talkative than larger dogs. 

On the other hand, while larger dogs have health issues and don’t live as long, they make excellent working dogs that get the job done quickly and efficiently. 

Small dogs also tend to be loud and aggressive, while large dogs tend to be quiet and calm.

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