New Hampshire, constituent state of the United States of America. One of the 13 original U.S. states, it is located in New England at the extreme northeastern corner of the country. It is bounded to the north by the Canadian province of Quebec, to the east by Maine and a 16-mile (25-km) stretch of the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by Massachusetts, and to the west by Vermont. The capital is Concord, located in the south-central part of the state. The Granite State, as New Hampshire is popularly known, is a study in contrasts. Since the late 19th century it has been among the half-dozen most industrialized states in the Union, yet it is frequently portrayed as agricultural and pastoral. Vermont and New Hampshire supposedly constitute a “Yankee Kingdom” dominated by white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, yet the state has a large population of residents with French Canadian, German, Italian, Polish, and other non-English ancestors. Its political reputation is probusiness and conservative, yet the single largest internal source of state funds is a business profits tax; in addition, the state was among the first to legalize civil unions for same-sex couples. New Hampshire’s regional subdivisions are so distinct that numerous people have suggested it be divided in thirds, with roughly equal parts being added to Maine, Vermont, and Massachusetts. Franconia Notch Despite these contrasts, the state has developed a distinct identity. Central to that identity is the image of governmental frugality: New Hampshire has no general sales tax or individual income tax. Frugality at the state level has accentuated the dispersal of responsibility to towns. Although town governments exist in all the New England states, in no state do they carry as much authority nor as much responsibility for providing their own services as in New Hampshire. Still another component of that identity is a craggy adherence to tradition, long powerfully symbolized by the rock profile in Franconia Notch known as the Old Man of the Mountain; the rock outcropping collapsed in 2003. The combination of frugality, decentralization, traditionalism, industrialization, ethnicity, and geographic diversity makes New Hampshire very attractive to many Americans. Area 9,349 square miles (24,214 square km). Population (2020) 1,377,529. The basic physical features of New Hampshire are the result of the most recent glacial age (approximately 70,000 to 10,000 years ago), during which the Wisconsin ice sheet moved like a huge bulldozer across New England from the northwest to the southeast. Loose sand, silt, clay, and gravel were deposited as masses of glacial till that, near the town of Greenland, are 395 feet (120 metres) in depth. The mountain notches of New Hampshire—Crawford, Dixville, Franconia, and Pinkham—are the result of the glacial action, as are the potholes and cirques (deep, steep-walled basins on mountains) found in the state. The great glacier left many deltas and hillocks of stratified deposits. The many lakes that dot the New Hampshire countryside are also the results of glacial action; the largest of these is Lake Winnipesaukee in the east-central part of the state. New Hampshire: Mount Washington The mountains are the most striking feature of New Hampshire’s landscape. There are about 1,500 classified elevations, including several peaks in the White Mountains, rising above 5,000 feet (1,500 metres) in elevation. The best-known is Mount Washington, at 6,288 feet (1,917 metres) the third highest peak in the country east of the Mississippi River. The mean elevation of the state is about 1,000 feet (300 metres) above sea level. melting ice New Hampshire has five main drainage basins. The largest is that of the Merrimack River, in the central part of the state. Second in size is the Connecticut River drainage basin, along the western border. The remaining waters flow into the Saco, Piscataqua, and Androscoggin rivers, known collectively as the coastal rivers, as well as into several smaller streams. There are some rich deposits of deep soil along these rivers, but in general the soils within the state are rocky, thin, and difficult to farm. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now Mount Washington, New Hampshire New Hampshire’s climate is highly varied. In winter temperatures may drop below 0 °F (−18 °C) for days at a time. Summers are relatively cool, and the mean annual temperature is about 44 °F (7 °C). Annual precipitation is approximately 42 inches (1,070 mm) and is rather evenly distributed over the four seasons. Average snowfall is about 50 inches (1,270 mm) along the coast and 100 inches (2,540 mm) in the northern and western parts of the state. The greatest climatic extremes occur on the summit of Mount Washington, the site of a noted weather observatory. On April 12, 1934, the observatory there recorded a world-record wind speed of 231 miles (372 km) per hour. Monadnock, Mount More than four-fifths of New Hampshire is under forest cover. The majority of the trees found in the eastern United States are indigenous to the state. The most valuable single species of tree has always been the white pine. New Hampshire: moose The wooded areas support a flourishing range of wildlife. White-tailed deer are numerous everywhere, and moose, once exceedingly scarce because of habitat loss, have returned to all regions of the state. There are annual deer- and moose-hunting seasons. Beavers, once almost exterminated, benefited from a restocking program begun in the 1920s and have rebounded to their previous numbers. Black bears are relatively common, while smaller mammals such as rabbits, squirrels, raccoons, foxes, and mink are plentiful. There is an abundance of birdlife, including species of grouse, woodcocks, pheasant, and ducks. State rearing stations keep the interior lakes and rivers well stocked for fishing. There has been much concern about the effects of pollution and acid rain on aquatic life, and strenuous efforts, both public and private, have been under way to prevent further contamination of lakes, streams, and coastal waters.
 Photograph: John Mucci Welcome to the beautiful state of New Hampshire! From the heavily forested north country, to its rugged mountains and clear blue lakes, to its historic coast, New Hampshire is naturally a magnet for vacationers. When the snows fall in the winter, New Hampshire becomes a true winter wonderland. Visitors from all over flock to the many mountain resorts, enjoying skiing on spectacular terrain that ranges from novice to expert. Cross-country skiing is also booming, with hundreds of miles of groomed trails weaving throughout the fields and forests. When summer arrives, boaters and swimmers head for the sparkling blue lakes, hikers and campers seek out the beauty of the mountains, and beach lovers head for the ocean. No words can adequately describe what happens in fall in New Hampshire. The hills become a festival of fall foliage color, the days are clear and crisp, the skies of the deepest blue, and the lakes sparkle with brilliant sunlight. Everywhere, there is color; in the fields and forests, on the hills, and in the picture-book villages. Yellows and browns, brilliant orange and fiery red, the changing foliage attracts visitors from all over the world to see this glorious and spectacular display.
Under the authority of an English land grant proferred in 1629, Captain John Mason named this land New Hampshire after the English county of Hampshire where he had enjoyed a number of years as a child. Though Captain Mason invested over 22,000 pounds in clearing land, building houses and investing in the defense of his land grant, he died in England, before ever seeing his property in the new world. New Hampshire's most popular nickname, "The Granite State," refers to the extensive granite quarries in the state. Granite is the official state rock of New Hampshire. The Mother of RiversThis nickname refers to the New England rivers that originate in the White Mountains of the state. Major interstate rivers include the Connecticut River, the Pemigewasset River, the Merrimack River, the Androscoggin River, and the Saco River. The White Mountain StateNew Hampshire is called "The White Mountain State" after the White Mountain range the cuts across the northern half of the state. Mt. Washington, in the White Mountain Range, is the highest point in the Northeastern United States. It's also noted for "the world's worst weather." Switzerland of AmericaThis nickname again references the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Early visitors related the White Mountains to the mountains of Switzerland.
People who live in New Hampshire or who come from New Hampshire are called New Hampshirites and sometimes New Hampshiremen and New Hampshirewomen. New Hampshire Natives are defined by law. Men from New Hampshire have sometimes been referred to as "granite boys," a clear connection made to one of the state's nicknames and/or the fact that many lived among and/or worked in the granite quarries of the state. The New Hampshire quarter depicts one of New Hampshire's former greatest natural attractions, "The Old Man of the Mountain," a rock formation found on Mt. Cannon in Franconia Notch.
said Governor Shaheen. For more about the state commemorative quarters, visit this page. This 50 State Quarter Map is a great way to collect and display all 50 State Quarters.
New Hampshire Almanac: State Symbols . State of New Hampshire. 2009. 13 April 2009 <NH.Gov> New Hampshire (From Sea to Shining Sea), by Terry Miller Shannon. 80 pages. Publisher: Scholastic Library Publishing (March 2002) Reading level: Grades 3-5. Presents information about New Hampshire's people, geography, history, landmarks, natural resources, government, state capitol, towns and cities, and more. New Hampshire Joanne Mattern New Hampshire (World Almanac Library of the States), by Joanne Mattern. 48 pages. Gareth Stevens Publishing (January 2003) Reading Level: Grades 4-6. In addition to an in-depth factual profile of each state in the form of a state Almanac, every book offers fascinating and lively discussions of the state's history, people, geography, government, economy, culture, and lifestyles. Includes a section on Notable People, a calendar of events, and enough primary source documents, time lines, maps, and other tools to make this unquestionably the best young adult reference material on New Hampshire available anywhere. New Hampshire Rennay Craats New Hampshire (A Guide to American States), by Rennay Craats. 32 pages. Weigl Publishers (December 2001) Reading level: Ages 9-12. Describes the history, geography, plants and animals, government, industry, people, and social life and customs of New Hampshire, one of the thirteen original colonies of the United States. The Granite State New Hampshire The Granite State: New Hampshire, An Illustrated History, by Ronald Jager & Grace Jager. 231 pages. Publisher: American Historical Press (October 2000) The Granite State: New Hampshire chronicles New Hampshire's unique style with tales of the past and a glimpse into the future in this consummate historical account of 400 years of life in the Granite State. Ronald Jager earned his doctoral degree from Harvard University and has been published in Harper's, Atlantic, New York Times, New England Review and many others. Grace Jager is a history and English graduate of Calvin College and earned her master's degree from Keene State College. |
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