The national Drinking Age Act and the Interstate Highway system are best classified as examples of

• What makes some people healthy and others unhealthy?
• How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live a long, healthy life?

Healthy People 2020 is exploring these questions by:

• Developing objectives that address the relationship between health status and biology, individual behavior, health services, social factors, and policies.
• Emphasizing an ecological approach to disease prevention and health promotion. An ecological approach focuses on both individual-level and population-level determinants of health and interventions.

The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status are known as determinants of health.

Determinants of health fall under several broad categories:

It is the interrelationships among these factors that determine individual and population health. Because of this, interventions that target multiple determinants of health are most likely to be effective. Determinants of health reach beyond the boundaries of traditional health care and public health sectors; sectors such as education, housing, transportation, agriculture, and environment can be important allies in improving population health.

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Policymaking

Policies at the local, state, and federal level affect individual and population health. Increasing taxes on tobacco sales, for example, can improve population health by reducing the number of people using tobacco products.

Some policies affect entire populations over extended periods of time while simultaneously helping to change individual behavior. For example, the 1966 Highway Safety Act and the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act authorized the Federal Government to set and regulate standards for motor vehicles and highways. This led to an increase in safety standards for cars, including seat belts, which in turn reduced rates of injuries and deaths from motor vehicle accidents.1

Social Factors

Social determinants of health reflect the social factors and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age. Also known as social and physical determinants of health, they impact a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes.

Don’t miss the Social Determinants of Health topic area and objectives.

Examples of social determinants include:

• Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods
• Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
• Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash
• Social support and social interactions
• Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or cell phones
• Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
• Quality schools
• Transportation options
• Public safety
• Residential segregation

Examples of physical determinants include:

• Natural environment, such as plants, weather, or climate change
• Built environment, such as buildings or transportation
• Worksites, schools, and recreational settings
• Housing, homes, and neighborhoods
• Exposure to toxic substances and other physical hazards
• Physical barriers, especially for people with disabilities
• Aesthetic elements, such as good lighting, trees, or benches

Poor health outcomes are often made worse by the interaction between individuals and their social and physical environment.

For example, millions of people in the United States live in places that have unhealthy levels of ozone or other air pollutants. In counties where ozone pollution is high, there is often a higher prevalence of asthma in both adults and children compared with state and national averages. Poor air quality can worsen asthma symptoms, especially in children.2

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Health Services

Both access to health services and the quality of health services can impact health. Healthy People 2020 directly addresses access to health services as a topic area and incorporates quality of health services throughout a number of topic areas.

Lack of access, or limited access, to health services greatly impacts an individual’s health status. For example, when individuals do not have health insurance, they are less likely to participate in preventive care and are more likely to delay medical treatment.3

Don’t miss the Access to Health Services topic area and objectives.

Barriers to accessing health services include:

• Lack of availability
• High cost
• Lack of insurance coverage
• Limited language access

These barriers to accessing health services lead to:

• Unmet health needs
• Delays in receiving appropriate care
• Inability to get preventive services
• Hospitalizations that could have been prevented

Individual Behavior

Individual behavior also plays a role in health outcomes. For example, if an individual quits smoking, his or her risk of developing heart disease is greatly reduced.

Many public health and health care interventions focus on changing individual behaviors such as substance abuse, diet, and physical activity. Positive changes in individual behavior can reduce the rates of chronic disease in this country.

Examples of individual behavior determinants of health include:

• Diet
• Physical activity
• Alcohol, cigarette, and other drug use
• Hand washing

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Biology and Genetics

Some biological and genetic factors affect specific populations more than others. For example, older adults are biologically prone to being in poorer health than adolescents due to the physical and cognitive effects of aging.

Sickle cell disease is a common example of a genetic determinant of health. Sickle cell is a condition that people inherit when both parents carry the gene for sickle cell. The gene is most common in people with ancestors from West African countries, Mediterranean countries, South or Central American countries, Caribbean islands, India, and Saudi Arabia.

Examples of biological and genetic social determinants of health include:

• Age
• Sex
• HIV status
• Inherited conditions, such as sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia, and cystic fibrosis
• Carrying the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, which increases risk for breast and ovarian cancer
• Family history of heart disease

References

1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Achievements in public health, 1900–1999 motor-vehicle safety: A 20th century public health achievement [Internet]. MMWR Weekly. 1999 May 14;48(18);369–74 [cited 2010 August 27]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4818a1.htm.

2State of the Air [Internet]. Washington, DC: American Lung Association. Available from: http://www.stateoftheair.org.

3Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National healthcare disparities report, 2008. Rockville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, AHRQ; 2009 Mar. Pub no. 09-002. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr08/nhdr08.pdf [PDF – 2.6 MB].

Additional Resources

Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008 [cited 2010 May 10]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2008/WHO_IER_CSDH_08.1_eng.pdf [PDF – 4.3 MB].

Harris K, Holden C, Chen M. Background information on national indicators for social determinants of health. Paper presented to the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020, National Opinion Research Center; January 5, 2010.

Institute of Medicine. Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Draft report of the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020 on Social Determinants; revised 2009 Sep 9.

Wilkinson R, Marmot M, editors. Social determinants of health: The solid facts [Internet]. 2nd ed. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2003 [cited 2010 May 26]. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdf [PDF – 470 KB].

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Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(1)(A), inserted “assessing resilience,” after “surveying,”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(H), (I). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(1)(B)–(D), added subpar. (H) and redesignated former subpar. (H) as (I).

Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(3), added par. (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (18).

Subsec. (a)(18) to (23). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(2), redesignated pars. (17) to (22) as (18) to (23), respectively. Former par. (23) redesignated (25).

Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(4), added par. (24). Former par. (24) redesignated (26).

Subsec. (a)(25) to (32). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(2), redesignated pars. (23) to (30) as (25) to (32), respectively. Former par. (32) redesignated (34).

Subsec. (a)(32)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(5), inserted dash after “through” and cl. (i) designation before “the implementation”, substituted “; and” for period at end of cl. (i), and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (a)(33) to (36). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11103(2), redesignated pars. (31) to (34) as (33) to (36), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11525(a), inserted “Highways” after “Defense”.

Subsec. (b)(3)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11123(a), inserted “resilient,” after “efficient,” in introductory provisions.

2015—Subsec. (a)(15) to (29). Pub. L. 114–94 added par. (15), redesignated pars. (15) to (28) as (16) to (29), respectively, and struck out former par. (29) which defined transportation alternatives.

2012—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(3), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §§ 1103(a)(2), 1501, redesignated par. (2) as (3) and substituted “designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools, and real-time ridesharing projects, such as projects where drivers, using an electronic transfer of funds, recover costs directly associated with the trip provided through the use of location technology to quantify those direct costs, subject to the condition that the cost recovered does not exceed the cost of the trip provided” for “and designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools”. Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), (4)(A), redesignated par. (3) as (4) and inserted “or any project eligible for assistance under this title” after “reconstruction of a highway” in introductory provisions. Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(4)(B), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “locating, surveying, and mapping (including the establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic markers in accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce);”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(4)(C), inserted “reconstruction,” before “resurfacing,” and substituted “rehabilitation, and preservation” for “and rehabilitation”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(E). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(4)(D), substituted “railway-highway” for “railway”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(F). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(4)(E), substituted “hazards” for “obstacles”.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), (5), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and inserted “public” before “highway eligible” and “functionally” before “classified”.

Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), struck out par. (6). Text read as follows: “The term ‘Federal-aid system’ means any of the Federal-aid highway systems described in section 103.”

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (6), added par. (7) and struck out former par. (7). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘Federal lands highway’ means a forest highway, public lands highway, park road, parkway, refuge road, and Indian reservation road that is a public road.”

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(6), added par. (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (9).

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (8) as (9) and struck out former par. (9). Prior to amendment, text of par. (9) read as follows: “The term ‘forest highway’ means a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel.”

Subsec. (a)(11)(B). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(7), inserted “including public roads on dams” after “drainage structure”.

Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (13) as (12) and struck out former par. (12) which defined Indian reservation road.

Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (14) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (12).

Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), (8), redesignated par. (15) as (14), substituted “as an air quality” for “as a”, and inserted “air quality” before “attainment area”. Former par. (14) redesignated (13).

Subsec. (a)(15) to (17). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated pars. (16) to (18) as (15) to (17), respectively. Former par. (15) redesignated (14).

Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), (9), redesignated par. (21) as (18) and substituted “any undertaking” for “an undertaking to construct a particular portion of a highway, or if the context so implies, the particular portion of a highway so constructed or any other undertaking”. Former par. (18) redesignated (17).

Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), (10), redesignated par. (22) as (19) and substituted “the Secretary and the recipient” for “the State transportation department and the Secretary”.

Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), struck out par. (19). Text read as follows: “The term ‘park road’ means a public road, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles, that is located within, or provides access to, an area in the National Park System with title and maintenance responsibilities vested in the United States.”

Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (23) as (20) and struck out former par. (20). Prior to amendment, text of par. (20) read as follows: “The term ‘parkway’, as used in chapter 2 of this title, means a parkway authorized by Act of Congress on lands to which title is vested in the United States.”

Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (27) as (21). Former par. (21) redesignated (18).

Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (29) as (22). Former par. (22) redesignated (19).

Subsec. (a)(23). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(11), added par. (23) and struck out former par. (23). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The term ‘safety improvement project’ means a project that corrects or improves high hazard locations, eliminates roadside obstacles, improves highway signing and pavement marking, installs priority control systems for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections, installs or replaces emergency motorist aid call boxes, or installs traffic control or warning devices at locations with high accident potential.”

Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (30) as (23). Former par. (23) redesignated (20).

Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (31) as (24) and struck out former par. (24). Prior to amendment, text of par. (24) read as follows: “The term ‘public lands development roads and trails’ means those roads and trails that the Secretary of the Interior determines are of primary importance for the development, protection, administration, and utilization of public lands and resources under the control of the Secretary of the Interior.”

Subsec. (a)(25), (26). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated pars. (32) and (33) as (25) and (26), respectively, and struck out former pars. (25) and (26) which defined public lands highway and public lands highways, respectively.

Subsec. (a)(27). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(12), added par. (27). Former par. (27) redesignated (21).

Subsec. (a)(28). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (34) as (28) and struck out former par. (28). Prior to amendment, text of par. (28) read as follows: “The term ‘refuge road’ means a public road that provides access to or within a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System and for which title and maintenance responsibility is vested in the United States Government.”

Subsec. (a)(29). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(13), added par. (29) and struck out former par. (29) which defined transportation enhancement activity.

Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated par. (35) as (29). Former par. (29) redesignated (22).

Subsec. (a)(30) to (32). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), (14), added pars. (30) to (32) and redesignated former pars. (30) to (32) as (23) to (25), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(33) to (37). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), redesignated pars. (33) to (37) as (26), (28), (29), (33), and (34), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(38), (39). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), struck out pars. (38) and (39) which defined advanced truck stop electrification system and transportation systems management and operations, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1301(c), added par. (4).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(b), substituted “Federal-aid highway” for “Federal-aid system”.

2008—Subsec. (a)(39). Pub. L. 110–244 added par. (39).

2005—Subsec. (a)(35). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1122(a), amended heading and text of par. (35) generally, substituting introductory provisions and subpars. (A) to (L) defining “Transportation enhancement activity” for substantially identical undesignated provisions defining “Transportation enhancement activities”.

Subsec. (a)(38). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1122(b), added par. (38).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1909(a), inserted subsec. heading, substituted heading and text of par. (1) for first undesignated par. relating to declaration that it was in the national interest to accelerate the construction of the Federal-aid highway systems, designated second undesignated par. as par. (2), inserted heading, and substituted “Congress declares that the prompt and early completion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (referred to in this section as the ‘Interstate System’), so named because of its primary importance to the national defense, is essential to the national interest” for “It is hereby declared that the prompt and early completion of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, so named because of its primary importance to the national defense and hereafter referred to as the ‘Interstate System’, is essential to the national interest and is one of the most important objectives of this Act”, and substituted heading and text of par. (3) for third undesignated par. relating to the national policy that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems.

1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178 inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, alphabetizing, numbering, and inserting headings for terms defined, inserting definitions of “maintenance area” and “refuge road”, and substituting definition of “State transportation department” for definition of “State highway department”.

1995—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–59, § 311(b), in first sentence of definition of “construction”, inserted “bond costs and other costs relating to the issuance in accordance with section 122 of bonds or other debt financing instruments,” after “highway, including”.

Pub. L. 104–59, § 301(b)(1), in definition of “project”, inserted before period at end “or any other undertaking eligible for assistance under this title”.

Pub. L. 104–59, § 301(b)(2), added provision defining “operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control” and struck out former provision defining “startup costs for traffic management and control” which read as follows: “The term ‘startup costs for traffic management and control’ means initial costs (including labor costs, administration costs, cost of utilities, and rent) for integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic control centers.”

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, § 1006(g)(1), added provision defining “Federal-aid highways” and struck out former provision which read as follows: “The term ‘Federal-aid highways’ means highways located on one of the Federal-aid systems described in section 103 of this title.”

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(a), in definition of “highway safety improvement project”, inserted “installs priority control systems for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections” after “marking,”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(d)(3), in definition of “Indian reservation roads”, struck out “, including roads on the Federal-aid systems,” after “public roads”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(d)(4), in definition of “park road”, inserted “, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles” before “that is located”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(b), inserted provision defining “urbanized area” and struck out former provision which read as follows: “The term ‘urbanized area’ means an area so designated by the Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall, as a minimum, encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.”

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(c), inserted provision defining “National Highway System” and struck out former provision defining “Federal-aid primary system” which read as follows: “The term ‘Federal-aid primary system’ means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (b) of section 103 of this title.”

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(d)(1), (2), struck out provisions defining “Federal-aid secondary system” and “Federal-aid urban system” which read as follows:

“The term ‘Federal-aid secondary system’ means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (c) of section 103 of this title.

“The term ‘Federal-aid urban system’ means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (d) of section 103 of this title.”

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(e), in definition of “Interstate System”, inserted “Dwight D. Eisenhower” before “National”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(g), inserted provisions defining “start-up costs for traffic management and control”, “carpool project”, “public authority” and “public lands highway”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(f), inserted provision defining “operational improvement”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1007(c), inserted provision defining “transportation enhancement activities”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, § 1001(g), substituted “forty” for “thirty-seven” and “1996” for “1993” in second par.

1990—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–427 substituted “The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways” for “the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways” in first two pars.

1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17, § 108, in definition of “construction”, inserted “elimination of roadside obstacles,” after “grade crossings,”.

Pub. L. 100–17, § 133(b)(2), substituted definition of “forest road or trail” for “forest or trail”.

Pub. L. 100–17, § 109, in definition of “highway safety improvement project”, inserted “installs or replaces emergency motorist-aid call boxes,” after “pavement marking,”.

Pub. L. 100–17, § 133(b)(3), amended definition of “park road” generally. Prior to amendment, definition read as follows: “The term ‘park road’ means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, § 102(b)(3), substituted “thirty-seven years’ ” for “thirty-four years’ ” and “1993” for “1990” in second par.

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, § 126(c)(1), substituted provision that “park road” means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system, for provision that “park roads and trails” means those roads or trails, including the necessary bridges, located in national parks or monuments, now or hereafter established, or in other areas administered by the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior (excluding parkways authorized by Acts of Congress) and also including approach roads to national parks or monuments authorized by the Act of January 31, 1931 (46 Stat. 1053), as amended.

Pub. L. 97–424, § 126(c)(2), substituted “The term ‘Indian reservation roads’ means public roads, including roads” for “The term ‘Indian reservation roads and bridges’ means roads and bridges, including roads and bridges” before “on the Federal-aid systems”.

Pub. L. 97–424, § 126(c)(3), inserted provision defining “Federal lands highways”.

Pub. L. 97–424, § 159, in definition of “construction”, inserted provision that it also includes costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-aid project related audits which directly benefit the Federal-aid highway program.

1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(a), in definition of “construction” inserted provision relating to capital improvements.

Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(b)(1), in definition of “forest road or trail”, inserted provisions requiring contingency or service to the National Forest System and necessity for the protection, administration, and utilization thereof.

Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(b)(2), defined “forest development roads or trails” in terms of a forest road or trail under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service rather than in terms of a forest road or trail of primary importance for the protection, administration, and utilization of the national forest or other areas under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(b)(3), defined “forest highway” in terms of a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel rather than in terms of a forest road which is of primary importance to the States, counties, or communities contingent to national forests and which is a Federal-aid system.

Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(b)(4), inserted definition of “highway safety improvement project”.

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280, § 108, defined “construction” to include resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation and “urban area” to exclude cities in the States of Maine and New Hampshire and inserted definition of “public road”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, § 107(a), substituted provision for completion of the Interstate System over a thirty-four year period, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, for a prior provision for such completion over a twenty-three period, through the fiscal year ending June 30, 1979.

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–643 defined “Indian reservation roads and bridges” to include roads and bridges on the Federal-aid systems.

1973—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(1), in definition of “construction”, substituted “National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration” for “Coast and Geodetic Survey” and extended definition to include improvements which directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas.

Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(3), in definition of “Indian reservation roads and bridges”, substituted “approval of the Federal Government, or Indian and Alaska Native villages, groups, or communities in which Indians and Alaskan Natives reside, whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined are eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians” for “approval of the Federal Government on which Indians reside whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined to be eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians”.

Pub. L. 93–87, § 152(1), in definition of “Secretary”, substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Secretary of Commerce”.

Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(4), in definition of “urbanized area”, provided for boundaries of the “urbanized area” to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary, and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(2), in definition of “urban area”, substituted “an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or an urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population of five thousand or more and not within any urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary” for “an area including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban place having a population of five thousand or more, as determined by the latest available Federal census, within boundaries to be fixed by a State highway department subject to the approval of the Secretary”, and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §§ 106(a), 107, extended time for completion of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, substituting in second par. “twenty-three years” and “June 30, 1979” for “twenty years” and “June 30, 1976”, and inserted third par. declaratory of national policy, since the Interstate System is now in the final phase of completion, that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems in accordance with the first par. of subsec. (b), in order to bring all of the Federal-aid systems up to standards and to increase the safety of these systems to the maximum extent.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–87, § 108, added subsec. (e).

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §§ 106(a), 117(d), 130, 141, inserted definitions of “urbanized area” and “Federal-aid urban system”, substituted “subsection (e)” for “subsection (d)” in definition of “Interstate System”, included within the costs of construction, under the definition of “construction”, relocation assistance, acquisition of replacement housing sites, acquisition, and rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing, and substituted “acquisition” for “costs” of rights-of-way, broadened definition of “Indian reservation roads and bridges” to include roads and bridges on State controlled Indian reservations, trust lands, and restricted Indian lands, a well as roads and bridges on such lands under Federal control, and inserted in definitions of “forest highway” and “public lands highways” provisions to ensure that these highways be on the Federal-aid systems.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605, § 104(a), substituted “twenty years” for “eighteen years” and “June 30, 1976” for “June 30, 1974”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–605, § 107, substituted “any officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government” for “any officer or employee of any department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government” and “Highway Trust Fund” for “highway trust fund”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, § 107, substituted provisions prohibiting expenditure of funds from the Highway Trust Fund by any department other than the Federal Highway Administration unless these funds are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to the construction of Federal aid highways or for planning, research, or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation for provisions expressing essentially the same prohibitions but permitting expenditures to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to Federal-aid highways, and contracted for in accordance with the Act of March 4, 1915, as amended [section 686 of Title 31, Money and Finance], relating to work or services not usually performed by the Federal Highway Administration, or relating to the furnishing of materials, supplies or equipment, and expenditures specifically identified in the budget and included in an appropriation Act.

1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495, § 8, inserted “and other areas administered by the Forest Service” after “national forests” and “national forest” in definitions of “forest road or trail” and “forest development roads and trails”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495, § 4(a), substituted a reference to “eighteen years’ appropriation” for reference to “sixteen years’ appropriation” and substituted “June 30, 1974” for “June 30, 1972”.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 90–495, § 15, added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1966—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted a reference to “sixteen years’ appropriation” for reference to “fifteen years’ appropriation” and substituted “June 30, 1972” for “June 30, 1971”.

1964—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–423 substituted “fifteen years” for “thirteen years” and “June 30, 1971” for “June 30, 1969”.

1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–866 inserted definition of “public lands development roads and trails”.

1960—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–624 substituted “fifty States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico” for “forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico” in definition of “State”.

1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–70 substituted “forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii” for “forty-eight States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska” in definition of “State”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, § 10003, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 443, provided that:

“Except as otherwise provided, this division [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this division take effect on October 1, 2021.”

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, § 3(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that:

“Except as otherwise provided, divisions A, B, C (other than sections 32603(d), 32603(g), 32912, and 34002 of that division) and E [see Tables for classification], including the amendments made by those divisions, take effect on October 1, 2012.”

Pub. L. 112–141, § 3(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that:

“Except as otherwise provided, any reference to the date of enactment of the MAP–21 or to the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012 in the divisions described in subsection (a) [set out above] or in an amendment made by those divisions [see Tables for classification] shall be deemed to be a reference to the effective date of those divisions [Oct. 1, 2012].”

Pub. L. 112–140, § 1(c), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 391, provided that:

“On the date of enactment of the MAP–21 [Pub. L. 112–141, approved July 6, 2012]—

“(1)

this Act [see Short Title of 2012 Amendment note below] and the amendments made by this Act shall cease to be effective;

“(2)

the text of the laws amended by this Act shall revert back so as to read as the text read on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [June 29, 2012]; and

“(3)

the amendments made by the MAP–21 [see Tables for classification] shall be executed as if this Act had not been enacted.”

Effective Date of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–244, title I, § 121(a), (b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1608, provided that:

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9016, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 868, provided that:

“This title [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this title shall take effect simultaneously with the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178]. For purposes of all Federal laws, the amendments made by this title shall be treated as being included in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century at the time of the enactment of such Act [June 9, 1998], and the provisions of such Act (including the amendments made by such Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [July 22, 1998]) that are amended by this title shall be treated as not being enacted.”

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, § 147, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1739, provided that:

“The amendments made by section 117 [enacting section 510 of this title, amending this section, and renumbering sections 511 and 512 of this title], 120 [amending provisions set out as a note under section 502 of this title], and 137 of this Act [amending section 506 of this title] shall not take effect if before the effective date of this Act [Dec. 31, 1970] the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 has been enacted into law.”

Effective Date of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–495, § 37, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 836, as amended by Pub. L. 91–605, title I, § 120, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1725, provided that:

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–70, § 21(e), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146, provided that the amendments made by that section (amending this section and sections 104, 116, and 120 of this title) are effective July 1, 1959.

Short Title of 2021 Amendment

Pub. L. 117–58, § 1(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 429, provided that:

“This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act’.”

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, § 10001, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 443, provided that:

“This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021’.”

Pub. L. 117–52, § 1, Oct. 31, 2021, 135 Stat. 409, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Further Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021’.”

Pub. L. 117–44, § 1, Oct. 2, 2021, 135 Stat. 382, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 9503 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021’.”

Short Title of 2015 Amendment

Pub. L. 114–94, § 1(a), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1312, provided that:

“This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act’ or the ‘FAST Act’.”

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, § 6001, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1561, provided that:

“This title [enacting section 519 of this title and sections 6314 and 6501 to 6503 of Title 49, Transportation, amending sections 502, 503, 512, 514, 515, 517, and 518 of this title, sections 5313, 5315, and 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and sections 102, 330, 5115, 5118, 5505, 6302, and 6307 of Title 49, repealing section 508 of this title and sections 112 and 5503 of Title 49, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 150, 501, and 503 of this title and sections 301 and 6501 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 502 and 512 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Transportation for Tomorrow Act of 2015’.”

Pub. L. 114–87, § 1(a), Nov. 20, 2015, 129 Stat. 677, provided that:

“This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2015, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 114–73, § 1(a), Oct. 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 568, provided that:

“This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 20157, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 20101 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2015’.”

Pub. L. 114–41, § 1(a), July 31, 2015, 129 Stat. 443, provided that:

“This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation and Veterans Health Care Choice Improvement Act of 2015’.”

Pub. L. 114–21, § 1(a), May 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 218, provided that:

“This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2015’.”

Short Title of 2014 Amendment

Pub. L. 113–159, § 1(a), Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1839, provided that:

“This Act [amending section 403 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, section 58c of Title 19, Customs Duties, sections 430, 436, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 1021, 1056, and 1083 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 5128, 5311, 5336, 5338, 5339, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 101 of this title, sections 430 and 436 of Title 26, and section 1021 of Title 29, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 104, 202, and 402 of this title and sections 31100 and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Highway and Transportation Funding Act of 2014’.”

Short Title of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, § 1(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 405, provided that:

“This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act’ or the ‘MAP–21’.”

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title II, § 2001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 607, provided that:

“This title [amending sections 601 to 609 of this title] may be cited as the ‘America Fast Forward Financing Innovation Act of 2012’.”

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, § 31001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 732, provided that:

“This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Motor Vehicle and Highway Safety Improvement Act of 2012’ or ‘Mariah’s Act’.”

Pub. L. 112–141, div. E, § 50001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 864, provided that:

“This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Act of 2012’.”

Pub. L. 112–141, div. G, § 110001, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 980, provided that:

“This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 112–140, § 1(a), June 29, 2012, 126 Stat. 391, provided that:

“This Act [amending section 327 of this title, sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4482, 4483, 6412, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 327 of this title, section 460l–11 of Title 16, and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Temporary Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012’.”

Pub. L. 112–102, § 1(a), Mar. 30, 2012, 126 Stat. 271, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481 to 4483, 6412, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 460l–11 of Title 16 and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2012’.”

Short Title of 2011 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–30, § 1(a), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 342, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 405 and 410 of this title, sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4261, 4271, 4481 to 4483, 6412, 9502 to 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 106, 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, 31144, 40117, 41742, 41743, 44302, 44303, 47104, 47107, 47115, 47141, 48101 to 48103, and 49108 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 460l–11 of Title 16, and sections 1, 4081, 9502, and 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 405 of this title and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, 41731, and 47109 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface and Air Transportation Programs Extension Act of 2011’.”

Pub. L. 112–30, title I, § 101, Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 343, provided that:

“This title [amending sections 405 and 410 of this title, sections 460l–11 and 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4041, 4051, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481 to 4483, 6412, 9503, 9504, and 9508 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 460l–11 of Title 16 and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 405 of this title and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, and 31301 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 112–5, § 1(a), Mar. 4, 2011, 125 Stat. 14, provided that:

“This Act [amending section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31309, 31100, 31301, and 31100 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011’.”

Short Title of 2010 Amendment

Pub. L. 111–322, title II, § 2001(a), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3522, provided that:

“This title [amending sections 327 and 510 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, and 31309 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2010, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, § 401, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 78, provided that:

“This title [amending sections 405 and 410 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9502 to 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 9502 and 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 405 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, and 31309 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2010’.”

Short Title of 2008 Amendment

Pub. L. 110–244, § 1(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1572, provided that:

“This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘SAFETEA–LU Technical Corrections Act of 2008’.”

Short Title of 2005 Amendment

Pub. L. 109–59, § 1(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1144, provided that:

“This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users’ or ‘SAFETEA–LU’.”

Pub. L. 109–42, § 1, July 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 435, provided that:

“This Act [amending section 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 5338 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part VI’.”

Pub. L. 109–40, § 1, July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 410, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V’.”

Pub. L. 109–37, § 1, July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 394, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV’.”

Pub. L. 109–35, § 1, July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 379, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III’.”

Pub. L. 109–20, § 1, July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 346, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 109–14, § 1, May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 324, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4481 to 4483, 9503, and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 4481 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005’.”

Short Title of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–310, § 1, Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1144, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, 188, and 410 of this title, sections 900 and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 104 of this title, section 9503 of Title 26, and section 5337 of Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V’.”

Pub. L. 108–280, § 1, July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 876, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 9503 of Title 26, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 5337 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV’.”

Pub. L. 108–263, § 1, June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 698, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III’.”

Pub. L. 108–224, § 1, Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 627, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 108–202, § 1, Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 478, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004’.”

Short Title of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–88, § 1, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1110, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, 188, and 410 of this title, sections 900 and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 104 of this title, section 9503 of Title 26, and section 5337 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 322 and 402 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, and sections 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2003’.”

Short Title of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9001, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834, provided that:

“This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘TEA 21 Restoration Act’.”

Pub. L. 105–178, § 1(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107, provided that:

“This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century’.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1501, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 241, provided that:

“This chapter [chapter 1 (§§ 1501–1504) of subtitle E of title I of Pub. L. 105–178, enacting subchapter II of this chapter, amending section 301 of Title 49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 181 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998’.”

Short Title of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–130, § 1, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2552, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 104, 321, 326, and 410 of this title, sections 9503, 9504, and 9511 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 111, 5309, 5337, 5338, 30308, and 31104 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 104 of this title and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 1997’.”

Short Title of 1995 Amendment

Pub. L. 104–59, § 1(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 568, provided that:

“This Act [enacting section 161 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 115, 116, 120, 122, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 141, 144, 149, 152, 153, 217, 303, 306, 307, 323, 409, and 410 of this title, sections 1261 and 1262 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 7506 and 12186 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 5316, 5331, 20140, 30308, 31112, 31136, 31306, and 45102 of Title 49, Transportation, repealing section 154 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes preceding section 101 of this title and under this section, sections 104, 109, 130, 141, 153, 154, 307, 309, 401, and 408 of this title, section 403 of Title 16, section 7511a of Title 42, and section 31136 of Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 109, 127, 149, and 307 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes preceding section 101 of this title and under section 112 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Highway System Designation Act of 1995’.”

Short Title of 1987 Amendment

Pub. L. 100–17, § 1(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 132, provided that:

“This Act [enacting sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title, section 508 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, section 4604 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 1607a–2, 1619, 1620, and 1621 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 315, 319, 321, 323, 401, 402, and 408 of this title, section 460l–11 of Title 16, Conservation, section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 4041, 4051, 4052, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6156, 6412, 6420, 6421, 6427, and 9503 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 494 and 1414 of Title 33, sections 4601, 4621, 4622, 4623, 4624, 4625, 4626, 4630, 4631, 4633, 4636, 4638, 4651, and 4655 of Title 42, sections 303 and 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607, 1607a, 1607a–1, 1607c, 1608, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1617, 1655, 2311, 2314, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 211, 213, 219, and 322 of this title, sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 507, 526, 526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, and sections 4634 and 4637 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 144, 202, 307, 401, and 402 of this title, sections 1, 4052, and 4481 of Title 26, section 4601 of Title 42, section 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1601, 1602, 1608, and 2204 of former Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, 146, and 401 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 114, 130, and 217 of this title and section 526a of Title 33] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987’.”

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, § 101, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 134, provided that:

“This title [enacting sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title and section 508 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 315, 319, 321, 323, 401, and 402 of this title, section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 494 and 1414 of Title 33, section 303 of Title 49, Transportation, and sections 1655, 2311, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 211, 213, 219, and 322 of this title and sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 507, 526, 526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 144, 202, 307, and 402 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, and 146 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 114, 130, and 217 of this title and section 526a of Title 33] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987’.”

Short Title of 1983 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–424, § 1, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, provided:

“That this Act [enacting section 157 of this title, sections 4051 to 4053 and 9503 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 1601c, 1607a, 1607a–1, 1617, 1618, and 2301 to 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending section 713c–3 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 460l–11 and 1606a of Title 16, Conservation, sections 101, 101 notes, 103, 103 note, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 130 notes, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 217, 218, 307, 307 note, 401 note, and 402 of this title, sections 39, 44E, 46, 48, 103, 165 note, 167, 168, 274, 851, 852, 874, 882, 3304 note, 3454, 4041, 4061, 4063, 4071, 4081, 4101, 4102, 4221, 4222, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6049, 6156, 6201, 6206, 6362, 6412, 6416, 6420, 6421, 6427, 6504, 6675, 7210, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, 7610, and 9502 of Title 26, section 1414 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, sections 602 and 1382a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, sections 1474, 1475, and 1479 of former Title 46, Shipping, section 1273 of Title 46, Appendix, sections 10927 note, 11909 and 11914 of Title 49, and sections 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, 1614, 2204, 2205, 2206 of former Title 49, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 206 to 209 of this title, sections 120 note, 4091 to 4094, and 6424 of Title 26, and sections 1602 note, 1604a, 1617, and 1618 of former Title 49, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, 146, 154, 307, 401, and 408 of this title, section 713c–3 of Title 15, sections 1, 39, 46, 165, 274, 3304, 4041, 4051, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 6012, 6427, and 9503 of Title 26, section 602 of Title 42, and sections 1601, 1612, and 2315 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982’.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 101, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, provided that:

“This title [enacting section 157 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 137, 139, 140, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 217, 218, and 307 of this title, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 206 to 209 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, and 146 of this title, and section 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the ‘Highway Improvement Act of 1982’.”

Pub. L. 97–327, § 1, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611, provided:

“That this Act [amending section 144 of this title, provisions set out as notes under this section and section 130 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1982’.”

Short Title of 1978 Amendment

Pub. L. 95–599, § 1, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689, provided:

“That this Act [enacting sections 119, 146, and 407 of this title, and sections 1602–1, 1607, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617 and 1618 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 154, 155, 215, 217, 219, 320, 402, and 406 of this title, section 1418 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 460l–11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 39, 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, and 7610 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, sections 303, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607b, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, and 1613 of former Title 49, repealing section 153 of this title and sections 1607, 1607a, and 1614 of former Title 49, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 215, 217, 307, 320, 401, 402, and 403 of this title, section 6427 of Title 26, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, section 883 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and sections 1601, 1602, 1604, 1605, 1612, and 1653 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978’.”

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, § 101, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689, provided that:

“This title [enacting sections 119 and 146 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 155, 203, 215, 217, 219, 320, and 406 of this title, and section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property and Works, repealing section 153 of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1605 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 217, 307, and 320 of this title, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, section 883 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978’.”

Pub. L. 95–599, title V, § 501, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2756, provided that:

“This title [amending section 4601–11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 39, 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603, 7604, and 7605 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 120 and 307 of this title and section 6427 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Highway Revenue Act of 1978’.”

Short Title of 1976 Amendment

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 101, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, provided that:

“This title [enacting section 156 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 106, 108, 117, 118, 121, 125, 127, 129, 131, 135, 138 to 140, 142, 147, 152, 153, 202, 203, 217, 219, 319, and 320 of this title, repealing sections 146 and 405 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 124, 134, 135, 215, 218, 319, and 320 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 120, 130, and 142 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976’.”

Short Title of 1974 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–643, § 1, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281, provided:

“That this Act [enacting sections 141, 154, 155, 219, and 406, amending this section and sections 103, 115, 127, 129, 131, 136, 144, 208, 320, 322, 323, and 405, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 142, 217, and 320, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 130 and 142, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974’.”

Short Title of 1973 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, § 101, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250, provided that:

“This title [enacting sections 145 to 150, 217, 218, 323, and 324 of this title and section 1602a of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section and sections 103 to 105, 108, 109, 114, 117, 121, 126, 129, 135, 140, 142, 143, 149, 207, 303, 307 to 310, 312, 314, and 320 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 120, 130, 142, 218, 307, 319, and 320 of this title, and sections 1608 and 1637 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973’.”

Short Title of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, § 101, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1713, provided that:

“This title [enacting sections 142, 143, 215, 216, 321, and 510 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 303, 307, 320, 506, 511, 512 of this title and section 517 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 120, 129, 131, 134, 215, 216, 303, 307, 320, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970’.”

Short Title of 1968 Amendment

Pub. L. 90–495, § 1, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815, provided that:

“This Act [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, and 141 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, 402, and 501 to 512 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section 133 of this title and enacting provisions formerly set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968’.”

Short Title of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–574, § 1, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766, provided that:

“This Act [enacting sections 120 and 138 of this title, amending this section and sections 104, 109, 118, 120, 125, 131, 136, 302, and 319 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 106, 108, 125, 133, and 137 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1966’.”

Short Title of 1963 Amendment

Pub. L. 88–157, § 1, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 276, provided:

“That this Act [amending sections 104, 106, 109, 121, 131, and 307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Amendments Act of 1963’.”

Short Title of 1962 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–866, § 1, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1145, provided that:

“This Act [enacting sections 133, 134 and 214 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 203, and 307 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962’.”

Short Title of 1961 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–61, title I, § 101, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122, provided that:

“This Act [enacting section 6156 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, amending sections 111, 131 and 210 of this title and sections 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4218, 4221, 4226, 4481, 4482, 6412, 6416, 6421, and 6601 of Title 26, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 104 of this title and under section 4041 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 120 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1961’.”

Short Title of 1960 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–657, § 1, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 522, provided that:

“This Act [enacting section 132 of this title and amending sections 104, 114, 120, 129, 203, 205, 210, and 305 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Highway Act of 1960’.”

Short Title of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–342, title I, § 101, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611, provided that:

“This Act [amending sections 125, 131, 137, and 320 of this title, and sections 4041, 4081, 4082, 4226, 6412, 6416, and 6421 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting notes set out under section 307 of this title and section 4082 of Title 26, and amending notes set out under this section and sections 104 and 120 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1959’.”

Separability

Pub. L. 90–495, § 36, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 836, provided that:

“If any provision of this Act (including the amendments made by this Act) [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, 141, and 501–511 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, and 402 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section 133 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of this Act and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.”

Transfer of Functions

Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of Commerce and other officers and offices of Department of Commerce under this title and under specific related laws and parts of laws set out in the notes in this title relating generally to highways and highway and traffic safety transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created Department of Transportation. See section 102 of Title 49, Transportation, and Pub. L. 97–449, § 2, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439.

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Reconnecting Communities Pilot Program

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, § 11509, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 588, provided that:

Cybersecurity Tool; Cyber Coordinator

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, § 11510, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 592, provided that:

Federal Employee Compensation Following Highway Trust Fund Expiration

Pub. L. 117–44, title I, § 108, Oct. 2, 2021, 135 Stat. 386, as amended by Pub. L. 117–52, § 3, Oct. 31, 2021, 135 Stat. 409, provided that:

Extension of Federal Surface Transportation Programs

Pub. L. 117–44, § 2, title I, § 101, Oct. 2, 2021, 135 Stat. 382, 383, as amended by Pub. L. 117–52, § 2, Oct. 31, 2021, 135 Stat. 409, provided that:

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

“In this Act [see Short Title of 2021 Amendment note set out above]:

“(1) Covered law.—The term ‘covered law’ means any of the following:

“(2) Extension end date.—

The term ‘extension end date’ means December 3, 2021.

“(3) Extension fraction.—The term ‘extension fraction’ means the quotient, expressed as a fraction, obtained by dividing—

“(4) Extension period.—

The term ‘extension period’ means the period that begins on October 1, 2021, and ends on the extension end date.

“(5) Highway account.—

The term ‘Highway Account’ means the portion of the Highway Trust Fund that is not the Mass Transit Account.

“(8) State.—

The term ‘State’ means the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

SEC. 101. EXTENSION OF FEDERAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS.

“(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the requirements, authorities, conditions, eligibilities, limitations, and other provisions authorized under the covered laws, which would otherwise expire on or cease to apply after September 30, 2021, are incorporated by reference and shall continue in effect through the extension end date.

“(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—

“(1) Highway trust fund.—

“(A) Highway account.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Account for fiscal year 2022, for each program with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated from such account for fiscal year 2021, an amount equal to the extension fraction of the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program from such account under the covered laws for fiscal year 2021.

“(B) Mass transit account.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Mass Transit Account for fiscal year 2022, for each program with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated from such account for fiscal year 2021, an amount equal to the extension fraction of the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program from such account under the covered laws for fiscal year 2021.

“(2) General fund.—There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2022, for each program under the covered laws with respect to which amounts are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2021 from an account other than the Highway Account or the Mass Transit Account, an amount that is not less than the extension fraction of the amount authorized for appropriation with respect to the program under the covered laws for fiscal year 2021.

“(c) Use of Funds.—

“(1) In general.—Except as described in paragraph (2), amounts authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2022 with respect to a program under subsection (b) shall be distributed, administered, limited, and made available for obligation in the same manner as amounts authorized to be appropriated with respect to the program for fiscal year 2021 under the covered laws.

“(2) Apportionment to states.—

“(A) In general.—Notwithstanding subsections (c)(2) or (e)(1) of section 104 of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary—

“(i) shall not apportion on October 1, 2021, amounts authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2022 under subsection (b)(1)(A) with a respect to a program described in subparagraph (B); and

“(ii) shall not apportion such amounts before October 15, 2021.

“(B) Programs described.—A program referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) is a program—

“(i) for which amounts are authorized to be appropriated under subsection (b)(1)(A); and

“(ii) under which amounts described in clause (i) will be apportioned to States as described in section 104 of title 23, United States Code.

“(C) Notice to states.—Section 104(e)(2) of title 23, United States Code, shall not apply for fiscal year 2022.

“(d) Obligation Limitation.—

“(1) In general.—Subject to paragraph (2), a program for which amounts are authorized to be appropriated under subsection (b)(1) shall be subject to a limitation on obligations for fiscal year 2022 in an amount equal to the extension fraction of the limitation on obligations for the program for fiscal year 2021 and in the same manner as the limitation applicable with respect to the program for fiscal year 2021.

“(2) Federal-aid highways.—

“(A) In general.—In distributing a limitation on obligations for Federal-aid highways for qualifying programs, the Secretary—

“(i) shall reserve, for qualifying programs, an amount of the limitation on obligations for Federal-aid highways equal to the amount calculated for the extension period for qualifying programs in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 2021]; and

“(ii) if H.R. 3684 (117th Congress) is enacted, may distribute the amount determined under clause (i) among qualifying programs (including any qualifying programs established pursuant to such H.R. 3684) in a manner determined to be appropriate by the Secretary.

“(B) Calculation.—Notwithstanding the enactment of H.R. 3684 (117th Congress), the Secretary shall calculate the amount under subparagraph (A)(i) in the manner described in section 120(a)(4) of division L of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116–260) [23 U.S.C. 104 note].

“(C) Definition of qualifying program.—In this paragraph, the term ‘qualifying program’ means a program for Federal-aid highways that is—

“(i) allocated by the Secretary under—

     “(I) title 23, United States Code;

     “(II) subsection (c)(1); or

     “(III) H.R. 3684 (117th Congress), if enacted; or

“(ii) apportioned by the Secretary under section 202 or 204 of title 23, United States Code.”

Pub. L. 116–159, div. B, title I, § 1101, Oct. 1, 2020, 134 Stat. 725, provided that:

Flexibility for Projects

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1420, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1423, as amended by Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, § 11306, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 532, provided that:

Productive and Timely Expenditure of Funds

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1421, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1424, provided that:

Use of Durable, Resilient, and Sustainable Materials and Practices

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1428, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1426, provided that:

“To the extent practicable, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall encourage the use of durable, resilient, and sustainable materials and practices, including the use of geosynthetic materials and other innovative technologies, in carrying out the activities of the Federal Highway Administration.”

Every Day Counts Initiative

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1444, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1436, provided that:

Findings

Pub. L. 113–159, § 2, Aug. 8, 2014, 128 Stat. 1839, provided that:

“Congress finds that—

“(1)

the existing Highway Trust Fund system is unsustainable and unable to meet our Nation’s 21st century transportation needs;

“(2)

MAP–21 [Pub. L. 112–141, see Tables for classification] included important reforms that must be built upon in the next reauthorization bill to increase the efficient and effective utilization of Federal funding;

“(3)

these reforms should include the elimination of duplicative Federal regulations and increase the authority and responsibility of the States to safely and efficiently build, operate, and fund transportation systems that best serve the needs of their citizens, including the ability of each State to implement innovative solutions, while also maintaining the appropriate Federal role in transportation; and

“(4)

Congress should enact and the President should sign a surface transportation reauthorization and reform bill prior to the expiration of this Act [probably means expiration of program extensions provided by Pub. L. 113–159].”

Declaration of Policy and Project Delivery Initiative

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1301(a), (b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 527, provided that:

Innovative Project Delivery Methods Policy

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1304(a), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 532, provided that:

“(1) In general.—

Congress declares that it is in the national interest to promote the use of innovative technologies and practices that increase the efficiency of construction of, improve the safety of, and extend the service life of highways and bridges.

“(2) Inclusions.—

The innovative technologies and practices described in paragraph (1) include state-of-the-art intelligent transportation system technologies, elevated performance standards, and new highway construction business practices that improve highway safety and quality, accelerate project delivery, and reduce congestion related to highway construction.”

Report on Highway Trust Fund Expenditures

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1433, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1430, which required periodic reports describing the administrative expenses of the Federal Highway Administration funded from the Highway Trust Fund, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, § 11125(a), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 506.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1535, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 584, provided that:

Projects of National and Regional Significance

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1301, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1198, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, § 103(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1578; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1120, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 492, which provided for the establishment of a program to provide grants to eligible applicants for surface transportation programs of national and regional significance, set out criteria for selection for such grants and grant requirements, and authorized appropriations for the implementation of the program, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1105(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1337.

National Corridor Infrastructure Improvement Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1302, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1204, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §§ 101(d), 103(b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573, 1578, which related to the National Corridor Infrastructure Improvement Program, was repealed by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1519(b)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 575.

Delta Region Transportation Development Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1308, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1218, provided that:

Motorcyclist Advisory Council

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1426, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1426, which related to the establishment of a Motorcyclist Advisory Council, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title IV, § 24111(c)(1), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 815. See section 355 of Title 49, Transportation.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1914, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1478, provided that:

National Corridor Planning and Development Program

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1118, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 161, provided that:

Border Infrastructure

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1437, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1432, provided that:

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1303, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1207, provided that:

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1119, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 163, provided that:

Highway Economic Requirement System

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1213(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 199, provided that:

“(1) Methodology.—

“(2) State investment plans.—

Southwest Border Transportation Infrastructure

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1213(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 200, provided that:

“(1) Assessment.—

The Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive assessment of the state of the transportation infrastructure on the southwest border between the United States and Mexico (in this subsection referred to as the ‘border’).

“(2) Consultation.—In carrying out the assessment, the Secretary shall consult with—

“(3) Requirements.—In carrying out the assessment, the Secretary shall—

“(4) Report.—

Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the assessment conducted under this subsection, including any related legislative and administrative recommendations.”

Transportation, Community, and System Preservation Program

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1117(a)–(g), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1177, 1178, provided that:

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1221, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 221, as amended by Pub. L. 108–88, § 5(a)(9), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1114; Pub. L. 108–202, § 5(a)(9), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 481; Pub. L. 108–224, § 4(a)(9), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 108–263, § 4(a)(9), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 700; Pub. L. 108–280, § 4(a)(9), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 108–310, § 5(a)(9), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 109–14, § 4(a)(9), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 327; Pub. L. 109–20, § 4(a)(9), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 109–35, § 4(a)(9), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 109–37, § 4(a)(9), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 109–40, § 4(a)(9), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 412, which related to a transportation and community and system preservation pilot program and authorized appropriations to carry out such program through July 30, 2005, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1117(h), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1179.

Transportation Assistance for Olympic Cities

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1223, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 224, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9003(j), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 842, provided that:

Discretionary Grant Selection Criteria and Process

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1311, as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9004(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 842, provided that:

Disadvantaged Business Enterprises

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, title I, § 11101(e), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 448, provided that:

“(1) Findings.—Congress finds that—

“(2) Definitions.—In this subsection:

“(3) Amounts for small business concerns.—

Except to the extent that the Secretary determines otherwise, not less than 10 percent of the amounts made available for any program under this division [see Tables for classification] (other than section 14004 [amending section 202 of this title]), division C [amending section 601 of this title and sections 5302 to 5305, 5309, 5311, 5312, 5318, 5323, 5324, 5329, and 5334 to 5339 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5312, 5329, and 5336 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 5303 and 5309 of Title 49], and section 403 of title 23, United States Code, shall be expended through small business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

“(4) Annual listing of disadvantaged business enterprises.—Each State shall annually—

“(5) Uniform certification.—

“(6) Reporting.—The Secretary shall establish minimum requirements for use by State governments in reporting to the Secretary—

“(7) Compliance with court orders.—

Nothing in this subsection limits the eligibility of an individual or entity to receive funds made available under this division, division C, and section 403 of title 23, United States Code, if the entity or person is prevented, in whole or in part, from complying with paragraph (3) because a Federal court issues a final order in which the court finds that a requirement or the implementation of paragraph (3) is unconstitutional.

“(8) Sense of congress on prompt payment of dbe subcontractors.—It is the sense of Congress that—

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1101(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1323.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1101(b), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 414.

Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, § 451, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 96.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1101(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1156, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, § 101(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1101(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 113.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, § 1003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1919.

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, § 106(c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 145.

Pub. L. 109–14, § 7(s), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 334, provided that:

“Amounts made available under the amendments made by this section [amending sections 5307, 5309, and 5338 of Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as notes under section 322 of this title and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] shall be treated for purposes of section 1101(b) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (23 U.S.C. 101 note) as amounts made available for programs under title III of such Act [see Tables for classification].”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

Pub. L. 108–310, § 8(t), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1158.

Pub. L. 108–88, § 8(t), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1126, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, § 9(t), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 108–224, § 7(t), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 108–263, § 7(t), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 108–280, § 7(t), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 885.

Highway Use Tax Evasion Projects

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, § 1040, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1992, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, § 325(f), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1122(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 105–130, § 5(c)(1), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, related to highway use tax evasion projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1114(b)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 154. See section 143 of this title.

Scenic Byways Program

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, § 1047, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1996, as amended by Pub. L. 105–130, § 5(c)(2), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, provided that:

Commemoration of Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, § 6012, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2180, provided that:

Designation of National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927, as amended by Pub. L. 107–217, § 6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1304; Pub. L. 108–178, § 2(b)(3), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2640, provided:

“That—

Signs Identifying Funding Sources

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, § 154, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 209, which related to erection of signs indicating sources of funding on projects under construction with funds from the Highway Trust Fund, was repealed and restated in section 321 of this title by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1901(a), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464.

Eligibility for Federal-Aid Highway Funds of Projects Involving Improvements in Vicinity of Interchanges Necessary To Upgrade Safety of Primary Routes Not on Common Alignment With Interstate Route

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 128, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2118, provided that:

“In any case where a project involving a Federal-aid primary route not on the Interstate System, and a route on the Interstate System which was originally constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], and was subsequently added to the Interstate System, both occupying a common alignment and having elements which have been approved in concept by the Secretary of Transportation as part of a project providing for the upgrading of an interchange on such Interstate route, the cost of improvements in the vicinity of the interchange necessary to upgrade the safety of that part of such Federal-aid primary route not on a common alignment with such Interstate route in an environmentally acceptable manner shall be eligible for the expenditure of funds authorized by such section 108(b).”

Study of Future Transportation Professional Manpower Needs; Report

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 135, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2125, provided that:

“The Secretary of Transportation shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences’ Transportation Research Board to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of future transportation professional manpower needs, including but not limited to prevailing methods of recruitment, training, and financial and other incentives and disincentives which encourage or discourage retention in service of such professional manpower by Federal, State, and local governments. In entering into any arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for conducting such study and investigation, the Secretary shall request the National Academy of Sciences to report to the Secretary and the Congress not later than two years after the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983] on the results of such study and investigation, together with its recommendations. The Secretary shall furnish to the Academy at its request any information which the Academy deems necessary for the purpose of conducting the study and investigation authorized by this section.”

Change in Location of Interstate Segments

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 139, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2127, as amended by Pub. L. 100–457, title III, § 348, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2156, provided that:

Buy America

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 165, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2136, as amended by Pub. L. 98–229, § 10, Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 57; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§ 133(a)(6), 337(a)(1), (b), (c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171, 241; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, § 1048, title III, § 3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1999, 2088; Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(r), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1371; Pub. L. 103–429, § 7(a)(3)(E), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4389, which prohibited obligation of funds unless steel, iron, and manufactured products used in the project had been produced in the United States, was repealed and restated in section 313 of this title by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1903(a), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464, 1465.

Use of Articles Mined or Manufactured in United States

Pub. L. 95–599, title IV, § 401, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2756, as amended by Pub. L. 97–327, § 6, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1613, which required that articles, materials, and supplies used in projects administered by Department of Transportation be mined or produced in United States, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 165(e), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2137.

Intercity Portions of Interstate System; Construction of Projects; Report to Congress; Exemption

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 102(b), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, provided that at least 30 percent of the apportionment made to each State for each of the fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1978, and Sept. 30, 1979, of the sums authorized in section 102(a) of Pub. L. 94–280 be expended by such State for projects for the construction of intercity portions which would close essential gaps in the Interstate System and provide a continuous System; that the Secretary of Transportation report to Congress before Oct. 1, 1976, on those intercity portions of the Interstate System the construction of which would be needed to close essential gaps in the System; and that a State which did not have sufficient projects to meet the 30 percent requirement would, upon approval of the Secretary of Transportation, be exempt from the requirement to the extent of such inability.

Interstate System; Prohibition of Obligation of Funds for Resurfacing, Restoration, or Rehabilitation Projects

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 102(c), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 426, provided that no part of the funds authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], for the Interstate System, shall be obligated for any project for resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating any portion of the Interstate System.

Interstate Funding Study; Report and Recommendations to Congress

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 150, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 447, directed Secretary of Transportation to undertake a complete study of the financing of completion of the Interstate Highway System and report to Congress within nine months the results of the study, and to submit to Congress within one year his recommendations regarding the need to provide Federal financial assistance for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of routes of the System together with results of a study of alternative means of assuring that the high level of transportation service provided by the System is maintained.

Study of Highway Needs To Solve Energy Problems; Investigation and Study; Report to Congress

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 153, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 448, directed Secretary of Transportation to make an investigation and study for the purpose of determining the need for special Federal assistance in the construction or reconstruction of highways on the Federal-aid system necessary for the transportation of coal or other uses in order to promote the solution of the Nation’s energy problems; that such study include appropriate consultations with the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, and other appropriate Federal and State officials; that the Secretary report the results of such investigation and study together with his recommendations, to the Congress not later than one year after May 5, 1976; and that, in order to carry out the study, the Secretary use such funds as were available to him for such purposes under section 104(a) of this title.

National Transportation Policy Study Commission; Establishment; Termination; Etc.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 154, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 448, as amended by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, § 137(a), (b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2710, established National Transportation Policy Study Commission; directed Commission, not later than July 1, 1979, to make an investigation and study and report to the President and Congress on the transportation needs and the resources, requirements, and policies of the United States to meet such expected needs; and provided for the Commission to terminate six months after the report.

Consent of Governing Body for Expenditure of Funds

Pub. L. 93–643, § 102(d), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2282, provided that no funds appropriated under the expanded definition of this section [23 U.S.C. 101(a)] shall be expended without the formal consent of the governing body of the tribe band or group of Indians or Alaskan Natives for whose use the Indian reservation roads and bridges are intended.

Carpool Demonstration Projects in Urban Areas; Appropriations Authorization

Pub. L. 93–643, § 120(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2289, relating to grants for demonstration projects designed to encourage the use of carpools in urban areas, was repealed by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, § 126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706. See section 146 of this title.

Emergency Highway Energy Conservation

Pub. L. 93–239, §§ 1–3, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1046, 1047, as amended by Pub. L. 93–643, §§ 114(c), 120(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 83 Stat. 2286, 2289; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 143, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, § 126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706, provided:

“Sec. 2. [Repealed. Pub. L. 93–643, § 114(c), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2086.]

Section 4 of Pub. L. 93–239 amended section 601(d) of Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended [section 1421(d) of former Title 49, Transportation], relating to emergency locator transmitters.

Future Highway Needs: Reports to Congress

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, § 121, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1725, provided that:

Pub. L. 89–139, § 3, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578, which had required the submitting of a report to Congress every second year as to the estimates of the future highway needs of the Nation, and Pub. L. 90–495, § 17, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 823, which had required that the report include the results of a systematic nationwide functional highway classification study, were repealed by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 160(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2135.

Studies of Need for and Survey of Highway Construction Programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands

Pub. L. 90–495, § 29, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 830, directed the Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands, to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before April 1, 1969.

Pub. L. 89–574, § 13, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 770, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, § 2(a), Jan. 2, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the Secretary, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before July 1, 1967.

Report and Recommendations of Secretary of Commerce

Pub. L. 85–767, § 5, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, directed Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress not later than Feb. 1, 1959, a report on progress made in attaining objectives set forth in this section, together with recommendations.

Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, § 108(b), 70 Stat. 378, as amended by Pub. L. 85–381, § 7(a), Apr. 16, 1958, 72 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, § 102, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 87–61, title I § 103, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 89–139, § 1, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 89–574, § 2, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 90–495, § 2, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 91–605 title I, §§ 102, 106(b)(1), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1716; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, § 102, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 102(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, § 102, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689; Pub. L. 97–134, § 4(a), (b), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1700; Pub. L. 97–327, § 2, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§ 102, 127(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, 2117; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§ 104, 138, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142, 175; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, § 1001(f), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 103–331, title III, § 335(c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, provided that:

“For the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary bridges and tunnels, of the Interstate System, including extensions thereof through urban areas, designated in accordance with the provisions of [former] subsection (e) of section 103 of title 23, United States Code, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the additional sum of $1,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, which sum shall be in addition to the authorization heretofore made for that year, the additional sum of $1,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the additional sum of $2,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1960, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1961, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1962, the additional sum of $2,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, the additional sum of $2,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, the additional sum of $2,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, the additional sum of $3,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, the additional sum of $3,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, the additional sum of $3,100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1984, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1988, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, and the additional sum of $1,800,000,000, reduced by the amount made available under section 1045(b)(1)(B) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 103–331, title III, § 335(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, which is not classified to the Code], for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the appropriation of any sums to carry out sections 131, 136, or 319(b) of title 23, United States Code, or any provision of law relating to highway safety enacted after May 1, 1966. Beginning with funds authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1980, no such funds shall be available for projects to expand or clear zones immediately adjacent to the paved roadway of routes designed prior to February, 1967. Effective on and after the date of enactment of this sentence [Dec. 29, 1981], the obligation of funds authorized by this subsection, except for advance construction interstate projects approved before the date of enactment of this sentence, shall be limited to the construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System which shall consist of (1) full access control; (2) a pavement design to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for the twenty-year period from date of authorization of the initial basic construction contract; (3) essential environmental requirements; (4) a design of not more than six lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in rural areas and all urbanized areas under four hundred thousand population, and up to eight lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in urbanized areas of four hundred thousand population or more as shown in the 1980 Federal census; and (5) those high occupancy vehicle lanes (including approaches and all directly related facilities) included in the interstate cost estimate for fiscal year 1981. The obligation of funds authorized by this subsection shall be further limited to the actual costs of only those design concepts, locations, geometrics, and other construction features included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate, except in any case where the Secretary of Transportation determines that a provision of Federal law requires a different design, location, geometric, or other construction feature of a type authorized by this subsection. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any other provision of this subsection, where a project is to be constructed (1) to provide parking garage ramps in conjunction with high occupancy vehicle lanes which flow into a distributor system emptying directly into ramps for off-street parking with preferential parking for carpools, vanpools, and buses and the ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort and are designed to feed into an aerial walkway system, or (2) to provide a parking lot near the terminus of an Interstate System spur route which radiates from an Interstate System beltway which will be used as an intermodal transfer facility for a light rail transit project to be constructed in the median of the spur route and the parking lot is part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (3) to provide a parking garage and associated facilities as part of an intermodal transfer facility with a transit system near or within an Interstate System route right-of-way which will have direct and indirect access to the facility by way of local streets and the parking garage and associated facilities are part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (4) to provide for the comprehensive upgrading of existing high occupancy vehicle lanes, new ramps and parking facilities at mass transit intermodal transfer points on an existing Interstate System route which has temporary high occupancy vehicle lanes in the median and the parking facilities and ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort, the costs of such parking garage ramps, parking lots, parking garages, associated interchange ramps, high occupancy vehicle lanes, and other associated work eligible under title 23, United States Code, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if the costs for these projects were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible projects in any future interstate cost estimate. For purposes of this subsection, construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System shall include, but not be limited to, any construction on the Interstate System which is required under a court order issued before the date of enactment of this sentence. Notwithstanding the fifth sentence of this subsection, the costs of a project which will upgrade an interstate route and will complete a gap on the Interstate System providing access to an international airport and which was described as the preferred alternative in a final environmental impact statement submitted to the Secretary of Transportation on September 30, 1983, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if such costs were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible costs in any future interstate cost estimate, except that (1) such costs may be further developed in the design and environmental process under normal Federal-aid interstate procedures, and (2) the amount of such costs shall not include the portion of the project between High Street and Causeway Street.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 127(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2118, provided that:

“Notwithstanding the provisions of section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out above], the Secretary of Transportation may approve the expenditure of funds authorized under such section for the construction of a previously approved project which provides for improvements to and reconstruction of ramps and service roads which are being developed as part of a roadway system to relieve a severely congested segment on an Interstate route. Such expenditures shall be limited (1) to work necessary to provide more effective and safe operation of such Interstate route, and (2) to a section of an Interstate route which proceeded to construction contract prior to the date of enactment of such Act and which Interstate route, together with service roads, was constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized by such section.”

Definitions of “Department”, “Interstate System”, “Secretary”, and “State” for Purposes of Certain Acts

Pub. L. 117–58, div. A, § 10002, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 443, provided that:

“In this division [see Tables for classification]:

“(1) Department.—

The term ‘Department’ means the Department of Transportation.

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, § 1001, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1321, provided that:

“In this division [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

“(1) Department.—

The term ‘Department’ means the Department of Transportation.

Pub. L. 112–141, § 2, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that:

“In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

“(1) Department.—

The term ‘Department’ means the Department of Transportation.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, § 31002, July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 732, provided that:

“In this title [see Tables for classification], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Transportation.”

Pub. L. 109–59, § 2, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1153, provided that:

“In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

“(1) Department.—

The term ‘Department’ means the Department of Transportation.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1120(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1192, provided that:

“For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections 104, [former] 105, 130, [former] 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, and section 1404 [set out as a note under section 402 of this title], relating to the safe routes to school program, the term ‘State’ means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.”

Pub. L. 105–178, § 2, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 111, provided that:

“In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1103(n), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9002(c)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835, provided that:

“For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections 104, [former] 105, [former] 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, the term ‘State’ means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.”

Pub. L. 104–59, § 2, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 569, provided that:

“In this Act [See Short Title of 1995 Amendment note above], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Transportation.”

Pub. L. 100–17, § 2, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 134, provided that:

“As used in this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Transportation.”

Ex. Ord. No. 14052. Implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

Ex. Ord. No. 14052, Nov. 15, 2021, 86 F.R. 64335, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to effectively implement the historic infrastructure investments in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [Pub. L. 117–58, see Tables for classification] (the Act), it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Background. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act is a once-in-a-generation investment in our Nation’s infrastructure and competitiveness. It will help rebuild America’s roads, bridges, and rails; expand access to clean drinking water; work to ensure access to high-speed internet throughout the Nation; tackle the climate crisis; advance environmental justice; and invest in communities that have too often been left behind. It will accomplish all of this while driving the creation of good-paying union jobs and growing the economy sustainably and equitably for decades to come.

Critical to achieving these goals will be the effective implementation of the Act by my Administration, as well as by State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments.

Sec. 2. Implementation Priorities. In implementing the Act, all agencies (as described in section 3502(1) of title 44, United States Code, except for the agencies described in section 3502(5) of title 44), shall, as appropriate and to the extent consistent with law, prioritize:

(a) investing public dollars efficiently, working to avoid waste, and focusing on measurable outcomes for the American people;

(b) increasing the competitiveness of the United States economy, including through implementing the Act’s Made-in-America requirements and bolstering United States manufacturing and supply chains;

(c) improving job opportunities for millions of Americans by focusing on high labor standards for these jobs, including prevailing wages and the free and fair chance to join a union;

(d) investing public dollars equitably, including through the Justice40 Initiative, which is a Government-wide effort toward a goal that 40 percent of the overall benefits from Federal investments in climate and clean energy flow to disadvantaged communities;

(e) building infrastructure that is resilient and that helps combat the crisis of climate change; and

(f) effectively coordinating with State, local, Tribal, and territorial governments in implementing these critical investments.

Sec. 3. Infrastructure Implementation Task Force. (a) There is established within the Executive Office of the President the Infrastructure Implementation Task Force (Task Force). The function of the Task Force is to coordinate effective implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and other related significant infrastructure programs within the executive branch.

(b) The Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council shall serve as Co-Chair of the Task Force.

(c) There is established within the Executive Office of the President the position of White House Infrastructure Coordinator, who shall serve as Co-Chair of the Task Force.

(d) In addition to the Co-Chairs, the Task Force shall consist of the following members:

(i) the Secretary of the Interior;

(ii) the Secretary of Agriculture;

(iii) the Secretary of Commerce;

(iv) the Secretary of Labor;

(v) the Secretary of Transportation;

(vi) the Secretary of Energy;

(vii) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;

(viii) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;

(ix) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

(x) the Assistant to the President and Director of the Domestic Policy Council;

(xi) the Assistant to the President and National Climate Advisor; and

(xii) the heads of such other executive departments, agencies, and offices as the Co-Chairs may from time to time invite to participate.

(e) The Co-Chairs may coordinate subgroups consisting of Task Force members or their designees, as appropriate.

Sec. 4. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

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