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HC | MDD | Pa | HC | MDD | BD | Pa | |
Sample size | 50 | 50 | – | 40 | 49 | 30 | – |
Sex (M/F) | 25/25 | 24/26 | 0.841 | 22/18 | 23/26 | 13/17 | 0.593 |
Age (years) b | 36.9±1.3 | 38.3±1.6 | 0.503 | 36.8±1.6 | 37.7±1.7 | 35.8±10.7 | 0.249 |
BMIb | 22.4±0.73 | 22.0±0.39 | 0.553 | 21.7±0.7 | 22.5±0.7 | 22.4±3.4 | 0.264 |
HDRS scores | 0.4±0.1 | 24.6±0.5 | <0.01 | 0.3±0.1 | 23.3±0.5 | 16.7±10.5 | <0.01 |
BD-I | – | – | – | – | – | 18 | – |
BD-II | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | – |
Course (Month) | – | 17.4±2.2 | – | – | 41.6±9.8 | 64.9±15.1 | – |
Medication (Y/N) | N | N | – | – | 38/11 | 19/11 | – |
SSRI(Y/N) | N | N | – | N | 29/20 | 10/20 | – |
SNRI (Y/N) | N | N | – | N | 9/40 | N | – |
Mood stabilizers (Y/N) | N | N | – | N | N | 5/25 | – |
Atypical antipsychotics(Y/N) | N | N | – | N | N | 4/26 | – |
- HC healthy controls, MDD major depressive disorder, BD bipolar disorder, Y/N Yes/No, M/F male/female, HDRS Hamilton depression rating scale, BMI body mass index, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SNRI serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors
- a Two-tailed Student’s test or one-way ANOVA for continuous variables (age, BMI, and HDRS scores); Chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables (sex)
- b Values were expressed as mean ± SEM