I have two PCs, as depicted in the figure. Show Because of practical constraints, I cannot change anything on PC2, i.e., I cannot change its IP address and gateway (blank). On both PCs, the subnet mask is '''255.255.255.0'''. On PC1, I can only configure the gateway IP address. Ideally, I would like both PCs to "think" they were communicating in the same network range (no gateways needed as far as the PCs were concerned). Would this be feasible? If yes, what kind of functionalities those routers must implement?  Ideally I want to be able from PC1 to ping 192.168.1.11 and get responses from 192.168.2.11, i.e., the router(s) would handle all the address translation. Thank you.
Published: 2012-03-27
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IP addresses can be said to consist of multiple parts, similar to how full street addresses consist of multiple parts. A street address can consist of the increasingly specific parts Country, City, Postal Code, Street and House Number. An IP address consists of two main parts: IP network and addresses within the IP network. The addresses within the IP network are also called the host addresses because different hosts (computers) have different unique addresses within the IP network.
On a computer network, all devices that are connected to the same local network can talk directly with each other. But to do so they need to have IP addresses that belong to the same IP network. Computers that belong to different IP networks have to communicate with each other via a router. Two computers belonging to the same IP network are able to communicate Two computers belonging to different IP networks cannot communicate directly with each other The pictures above will give you a few examples of what IP addresses look like. An IP address is divided into four parts, separated by dots. Each part of the IP address can have values between 0-255. The main purpose of a router is to be able to forward traffic towards different destinations. A router keeps track of where different IP networks exist on the computer network. The main task of the router is to forward traffic between those IP networks. But how can you tell if two IP addresses belong to same IP network? Unfortunately, it isn’t as easy to tell IP networks apart from one another as it is with street addresses. The answer is within something called a Subnet Mask. The Subnet Mask determines how much of the IP address that denominates which IP network the address belongs to. The rest of the IP address can then be used for computers and other hosts on the IP network. Subnet Masks and IP networksTo really understand exactly how the Subnet Mask works you would have to study and learn about binary numbers and a few other more advanced topics. Luckily you don’t need any of that deeper understanding unless you work with IT or computer networks professionally. Both an IP address and a Subnet Mask consists of four parts separated by periods. Each part of an IP address and a Subnet Mask can have a value between 0-255 In its simplest form, each part of the Subnet Mask is either the number 255 or the number 0 (zero).
Here are a few examples of IP addresses and Subnet Masks in combination:
Network Address, the name of the networkEach IP network has a so-called Network Address which is the “name” of the IP network. If you wanted to tell somebody which IP network a computer is located within you would always tell them the first (lowest numbered) address on the IP network, which is the Network Address. Example 1: In the picture below, the first three parts of the IP address belongs to the IP network. This is determined by the Subnet Mask. 0 (Zero) is the lowest address that is available in the fourth part of the IP address. The computer thus belongs to the IP network 101.102.103.0 The fourth part (.5) of the IP address shows which host address that the computer is using on the IP network. Example 2: The next computer below belongs to the IP network 211.139.157.0. It is using the host address 9 on the IP network, and its IP address is 211.139.157.9 Example 3: This computer belongs to IP network 192.168.1.0, which is one of the most common IP networks that you will find in home networks. It has received host address 7 on the IP network, and its full IP address is 192.168.1.7 IP networks in your home networkIn a normal home network, the Subnet Mask is usually “255.255.255.0”. What that means is that the three first parts of the IP address determine which IP network that the IP addresses belong to. The last part of the IP address determines which unique address within that IP network that each individual computer has got. As we mentioned earlier, each part of an IP address can have a value between 0-255. So the fourth part of the IP address permits for 256 different addresses (zero up to 255) that can be used for computers, IP phones, routers, laptops, printers and other devices. These type of devices are commonly referred to as hosts or clients. In a normal home network, those addresses are always more than enough to cover the devices that are connected to the network.
The first address (zero) and the last address (255) in your home network can not be used for clients. They are reserved for special functions. The first address is the Network Address which has already been discussed. The last address is used for broadcasting, which is explained in the Switching part of this material. So in the end, there are 254 available addresses that can be used in a home network. Normally the home router will use one of those addresses, and the rest are available for your computers and other devices. It is usually your home router that determines which IP addresses that the computers can use in your home network. The router hands out IP addresses, the Subnet Mask and other details to the clients. This will be discussed later on in the section about how addresses are assigned to devices. |
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