There was a time in U.S. history when the business magnates and titans of industry boasted more wealth than even today’s top technology innovators and visionaries. During America’s Gilded Age — which spanned most of the latter half of the 19th century, from around 1870 to 1900 — the inflation-adjusted wealth and impact of America’s most towering figures far overshadowed what we see today. The wealth of people like John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Henry Ford, and Andrew Carnegie would by today’s standards be measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars — far more than tech giants like Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, and even Jeff Bezos, the wealthiest individual in the world as of 2019. Wealth so vast can often highlight the financial inequality of an era. It’s this idea of grandeur in the face of unresolved social concerns that led Mark Twain to coin the phrase “Gilded Age” in his 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. The title suggested that the thin veneer of wealth for the elite masked broader issues for many in the lower and middle classes. But the progress made in the United States during the Gilded Age can’t be denied. As part of the Second Industrial Revolution, the country underwent an impressive economic expansion — led by the day’s larger-than-life figures of wealth and power. Much of this growth was courtesy of railroads — which now spanned from coast to coast — as well as factories, steel, and the coal mining industry. Big business boomed, with technology such as typewriters, cash registers, and adding machines helping to transform how people worked. And the economic explosion included not only industrial growth, but also a growth in agricultural technology such as mechanical reapers. In a time of such great expansion and fewer regulations surrounding wealth and business practices, circumstances were perfect for the rise of a class of extremely wealthy individuals who made up a very small percentage of society. They had the power and means to create opportunities and jobs for the many, though with less social prioritization on workers’ rights, issues like discrimination, exploitation, and low wages marked the era. Still, it’s impossible to overstate the impact these individuals had on America’s development. With technology booming and immigrants flocking to the United States seeking better opportunities for themselves and their families, they left their mark on the United States — and on history. Captains of Industry and Robber BaronsThe wealthy elite of the late 19th century consisted of industrialists who amassed their fortunes as so-called robber barons and captains of industry. Both can be defined as business tycoons, but there was a significant difference in the way they made their fortunes. The term “robber baron” dates back to the Middle Ages and carries a negative connotation. Robber barons typically employed ethically questionable methods to eliminate their competition and develop a monopoly in their industry. Often, they had little empathy for workers. Captains of industry, however, were often philanthropists. They made their wealth — and used it — in a way that would benefit society, such as providing more jobs or increasing productivity. John D. RockefellerBorn in 1837, John D. Rockefeller became one of the richest men in the world as the founder of the Standard Oil Company. In 2018 dollars, Rockefeller’s net worth is said to eclipse $400 billion — nearly three times the 2018 estimated net worth of Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon.com and the wealthiest individual in the world. Standard Oil dominated the oil industry, controlling roughly 90% of the refineries and pipelines in the United States by the early part of the 1880s. While he has faced some criticism historically for how he accumulated his wealth, Rockefeller’s charitable efforts paint him as a philanthropic captain of industry. Over the course of his life, his donations to charitable causes exceeded $500 million (unadjusted for inflation). Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie served as a great example of an American rags-to-riches story. Born to a poor Scottish family, he and his parents immigrated to the U.S. when he was 13. He built his fortune by investing in the steel industry and became the owner of Carnegie Steel Company, which by 1889 was the largest steel company in the world. Despite some criticism of how some workers at Carnegie Steel were treated, Carnegie himself was extremely active in terms of philanthropy. In his efforts to contribute to society, he established the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the New York Public Library, and a college that would become part of Carnegie Mellon University. He also wrote “The Gospel of Wealth,” an article that argued that the wealthy have a responsibility to contribute to the greater good of society. J.P. MorganJohn Pierpont Morgan was a financier from a wealthy family and is considered by many to have been among the robber barons during America’s Gilded Age. At face value, Morgan contributed greatly to American industry. He invested in Thomas Edison and the Edison Electricity Company; helped to create General Electric and International Harvester; formed J.P. Morgan & Company; and gained control of half of the country’s railroad mileage. He also created the first billion-dollar company, U.S. Steel. At one point in his life, he was a board member of as many as 48 corporations. However, Morgan engaged in some unethical and anticompetitive practices to ward off competition. For example, he was believed to head a money trust that controlled the banking industry and was commonly considered a figurehead of Wall Street. He also created a monopoly by slashing the workforce and their pay to maximize profits while eliminating the competition. Workers’ wages were often as low as a dollar a day or less, and conditions for employees were poor, with increased fatalities even as wages grew. When confronted with the possibility of regulations that could threaten his bottom line, he and other robber barons of the time contributed money to ensure that a business-friendly presidential candidate, William McKinley, was elected in 1896. Despite the numerous negatives associated with how Morgan built his wealth, some of his actions did benefit the United States and society. For example, his wealth was so vast that he was able to help bail out the federal government twice during an economic crisis, first in 1895 and again in 1907. Henry FordAutomaker Henry Ford was a captain of industry who is considered to have treated his workers well. He believed that well-paid workers would be happier and more efficient. For that reason, he instituted a $5-a-day pay rate, which was twice as much as other auto manufacturers paid. In addition, during a time when workers were required to work 10 hours a day, six days a week, Ford scheduled his workers for eight-hour days, five days a week. Ford was known to be generous with his wealth in terms of charitable contributions. He donated personal funds to organizations that he created, such as the Henry Ford Hospital for the working poor who could afford to pay only some of the cost of their medical care. Over the course of his life, he donated approximately $14 million to this institution. Other organizations created by Ford included the 80-acre Valley Farm for orphaned boys; a school for African American children in Georgia; and a Detroit trade school. He also paid for work camps for boys during the Great Depression. In addition to his charitable efforts, Ford was a known pacifist. He was part of a peace ship to Europe that hoped to put an end to World War I.
Premium Essay ...Unit C2, C2.1 Mark scheme Structure and bonding 1. (i) B or 2, 8, 1 for one mark 1 (ii) A or 2, 8 for one mark 1 [2] 2. (a) C16 H34 for one mark 1 (b) electron gains one mark 2 but shared electrons gains 2 marks [3] 3. (a) all electrons correct (inner shell need not be shown) three bond pairs and two electrons anywhere else can use dots, crosses or e’s in any combination 1 (b) covalent 1 accept phonetic spelling; do not accept convalent [2] 4. (a) 2, 8, 8, 1 1 for 1 mark (i) (b) 4 F for 1 mark Ignore symbol in middle but structure must be drawn NOT 2,7 + (ii) N Fa F (1) for charges (1) for each structure If covalent; can score mark for changes but not for diagram Arrow showing electron transfer from metal atom to non-metal atom = 2 marks If the ions are not identified then cannot score mark for changes [5] 5. (a) any (must be named) 1 (b) F2 1 (c) –/F– 1 (d) (i) covalent 1 (ii) made of molecules etc. type of bonding when non-metals react. 1 [5] 6. (a) (i) Page 1 of 2 rings of 2, 8 and 3 electrons credit 2, 8, 3 pay particular attention to the outer shell in diagrams 1 Unit C2, C2.1 Mark scheme (ii) (b) rings of 2, 8 and 7 electrons credit 2, 8, 7 pay particular attention to the outer shell in diagrams (i) 1 labels not required on atoms charges need to be...... Words: 564 - Pages: 3
Premium Essay ...Andrew Jackson: Evil Tyrant or a Hero for the Common Man? Name: _________________________________________________________ Class: ________________ Guiding Question: Our study of Jackson’s presidency will be focused on answering the question: Was Andrew Jackson an evil tyrant who abused presidential power, ruthlessly killed Native Americans and defied the Supreme Court; or was he a proud hero of the common man who sought to bring an end to the power of the wealthy upper class in government? Assignments for the week: You are responsible for reading all of Chapter 12 in the textbook (p. 353-371) by the end of the week. You are also responsible for reviewing this website as homework: http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson The Life of Andrew Jackson Video Questions: 1. What incident early in Jackson’s life made him hate the British? Why? 2. Describe Jackson’s early life and social status. 3. List some words that describe Jackson’s character as a young man. 4. What profession (job) did Jackson pursue when he was 18? 5. What happened in Jackson’s first duel? What did it prove about him? 6. Why was Jackson’s marriage controversial? How did this hurt him later? 7. Describe Jackson’s first attempt at serving as a politician in Washington. 8. What happened in Jackson’s second duel? 9. Why did Jackson earn the nickname “Old Hickory”? 10. What was the “Redstick War”? What role did Andrew Jackson play? 11. What did Andrew Jackson do with a young Native American child...... Words: 1423 - Pages: 6
Free Essay ...Many of you are aware that throughout your High School education you will have to present a speech whether in English or in your other subjects. I personally hate speeches as I am a very shy person but what can you do about it? Well, we can learn from the experts in this field whose speeches were given many years ago but their voices still linger today. So why does it still have an impact today? It is because of their abilities to express a distinctive voice throughout their speeches. What is a distinctive voice? How are great ideas communicated? What do you want your audience to think, feel, act or do? I am here to tell you all these things so listen up as I try to convince you that effective speeches require a distinctive voice. I will explore the effects of distinctive voices in Martin Luther King’s ‘I have a dream’ speech, John.F.Kennedy’s Inaugural address and Nelson Mandela’s Inaugural address. Passion is a fundamental aspect of speeches and it comes through the sustained use language techniques, which Martin Luther King Jr explored in his ‘I have a dream’ speech. MLKJ was a passionate leader and a civil rights activist who pushed for racial equality in America in 1963.King’s lavish use of metaphors such as ‘America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked insufficient funds’ which signifies how America has overlooked the Negros, is a clear representation of how distinctive voices need great ideas. One of the key ideas King proposed...... Words: 1161 - Pages: 5
Free Essay ...This note shows you how to set up a table of contents that can be generated and updated quickly and easily, even for the longest and most complex documents. Using styles The key to creating a quick and easy contents page is to use Word’s built-in heading styles, that is, Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3 etc. Once you have applied these styles to the headings in your document, you can use Word’s Table of Contents function to do all the hard work for you. For more information on using styles see Making your documents look good: using MS Word the easy way. Creating a basic table of contents Once you have applied heading styles, you can create your table of contents: Click where you want the contents to appear. From the menu, select Insert – Reference – Index and Tables. The Index and Tables dialog box displays. Click the Table of Contents tab. Creating a table of contents quickly in Word Creating a table of contents quickly in Word The Print Preview box on the left shows you how your table of contents will look. The settings for your contents appear below the preview box. You will find that most of the options you need are already selected. B.2-N-3568-2007 Your contents will show page numbers, have right-aligned page numbers, and a tab leader (the character that appears between the contents entry and the page number). You can change the tab leader if you wish, for example you may want a different one, or no tab leader at all. Word...... Words: 1825 - Pages: 8
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Free Essay ...only answer . it's not !! there is help . there are people to help you !! but I couldn't see that . I was lost in my mind . all alone . fearful of living another day . going to school . dealing with people . never wanting to try . never feeling good enough . like I said again . THIS IS NOT FOR ATTENTION . I wanted to pay this for my own personal reasons . but im on the road to recovery . I have some people that need me . just please listen to me . NEVER LET A BLADE DEFINE YOUR SELF WORTH ! EVER . you're worth more then your scars . you're worth more than your depression . fight ! I know depression is hard . I still battle with it . just know I'm always here for you all . I know what it's like . I know that might have not all made sense ... lmao just stay with me... Words: 331 - Pages: 2
Free Essay ...Lindsey Williams February 22, 2011 JAC 110-05 Professor Williams #HUJORDANHEELSGIRL Valentine’s Day is usually a day centered on love, but on Hampton University’s campus and the Twitter world Valentine’s Day was a day centered on hatred and cyber bullying. Freshman, Lanesha Mcgee, was given the title #hujordanheelgirl on Monday, February 14, 2011. The chaos began when one person tweeted about McGee’s shoes. After the first tweet the topic took off like a wildfire. After the tweets, students and Twitter users began to Twitpic pictures of the shoes and of McGee. The tweets landed McGee as the third trending topic worldwide on Twitter. McGee was spotted several times on campus throughout the day with the infamous Jordan heels. Students began to follow McGee and took pictures as she walked throughout campus. The pictures were then posted to Twitter through Twitpic. Twitpic is website branched off of Twitter that is used to post pictures in the form of tweets. The user’s followers will then see the Twitpic. Pictures of McGee’s Facebook profile were also on Twitpic. There were thousands of tweet results for #hujordanheelsgirl for it to be a trending topic or better known as TT. Some of the tweets that mentioned #hujordanheelsgirl were retweeted. Some of the tweet results for #hujordanheelsgirl were in support of her and others were tearing her down. When a tweet is retweeted the original tweet is tweeted through another Twitter user’s profile. One Twitter user...... Words: 408 - Pages: 2
Free Essay ...#1 Your gorgeous smile #2 The way you look at me #3 You’re so trustworthy #4 That you honestly crack me up You’re too funny! #5 Your cheeks (Cheekos) lmao #6 I think about you 24/7 and your fine with that!! #7 You’re focused on your dream job #8 The cute things that you do for me #9 How we can be ourselves when we’re together #10 You can cook #11 I’m not afraid to love you forever!! #12 That cute wrinkle above your nose #13 How traditional and family oriented you are #14 You listen to my bad singing and seem To enjoy every minute #15 Your supportive, always know what to say #16 Your kind hearted, sooo sweet #17 Your Booooootaaayyy haha #18 You can dance, like realllly dance #19 You don’t smoke #20 You pay for me at times #21 Your tiny ears are sooooooooo cuuuute!! #22 You legitimately trust me #23 Going on the 6th month and we still kiss like it’s our first one #24 You dedicated differences to me =) #25 You have my heart and willingly gave me yours #26 Our mutual weirdness that is definitely LOVE #27 The way you dress, have all the swags #28 I love you for you, and I’ll show you every chance I get #29 You don’t tell people our business #30 You show affection publicly, I loooove this ughh #31 You’re comfortable with me #32 I miss you immediately when you leave #33 You’re kisses are literally to die for !! Muuuuaah! #34 That you...... Words: 455 - Pages: 2
Free Essay ...Bəəə ` says: Heeey I didn't even see you online Zoo says: hey waddup how u doin ? Bəəə ` says: Mad tiredd You? Zoo says: samee hows dawson ? Bəəə ` says: I had weight training yday and my whole body still hurts Zoo says: lool Bəəə ` says: And it's great, I really like it Zoo says: thats good sry i signed in quietly Bəəə ` says: Lmao, you can do that? Zoo says: naw ur jus blind Bəəə ` says: I think you signed on when I went to myroom lol Zoo says: oh hows first day? Bəəə ` says: First day was long But interesting My first teacher was blind And indian, but he didn't have an accent My second teacher was also indian And she has a double chin and an indian accent My third teacher had no hair in the back Zoo says: lool Bəəə ` says: She's bald but has long hair in the front And the top of her head is blonde and the bottom is blue Zoo says: its like u pay attention to the wrong aspects of being in a class Bəəə ` says: And she was wearing a studded coller on her neck Yeah, I do Zoo says: lol Bəəə ` says: And I had weight training as my last class Zoo says: what'd u guys do ? Bəəə ` says: A lot We started with the bikes Then she made us too like everything Lift weights, squats, push ups, sit ups, everything She pretty much made us work out every muscle in our body Zoo says: lol first time ey? howd u like it ? Bəəə ` says: Yeah I WASN'T EVEN TIRED AT THE END Zoo says: u jus told me u...... Words: 619 - Pages: 3
Premium Essay ...cases [9:31:49 PM] O.M.E: Already did. [9:32:07 PM] O.M.E: I've told BBTV all of the problems you've guys brought up, without all of this. [9:33:30 PM] Neil Hendry: Appreciate it. : ) [9:35:15 PM] Anyday: I actually run my own company. BBTV's problem is, and they've said it, is that they will keep someone on payroll if they are dependent on the income. Although you think 'hey, that's really great' and trust me one of the worst things in the world is firing someone, but firing is necessary to have a productive company [9:35:35 PM] O.M.E: Who needs to get fired? [9:35:48 PM] Anyday: quite a few people [9:35:56 PM] Neil Hendry: thomasb is the obvious answer [9:35:58 PM] Conor Sweeney (Volound): i doubt this is all due to negligence.. lmao [9:36:01 PM] Neil Hendry: I'm sure he is just one part of the problem [9:36:09 PM] Neil Hendry: Just happened to appear often [9:36:42 PM] Anyday: nah... Words: 772 - Pages: 4
Free Essay ...I. INTRODUKSYON Tungkulin ng mga kabataan ang mag- aral. Kapag ang mga mag-aaral ay napagod na sa kanilang pag-aaral halimbawa’y sa kanilang pagrerebyu , may dalawang bagay sila na maaaring gawin: Una ay ang magpahinga o matulog para may lakas sila na ipagpatuloy ang kanilang pag-aaral at ang ikalawa ay ang paghahanap ng mapaglilibangan at random na kaalaman sa pamamagitan ng pagsangguni sa tinatawag na “digital miracle” – ang Internet, na kung saan ito’y isang sistema na ginagamit ng buong mundo upang makipagkonekta sa mga kompyuter sa iba’t ibang uri ng telekomunikasyon at iba pa kung saan walang nakatagong datos sa publiko. Sa tanang kasaysayan ng edukasyon, malaki na ang naimbag ng internet. Sa katunayan, ang internet ang isa sa mga pangunahing paraan kung bakit ang pag-aaral ay nagiging madali, mabilis at mabisa. Kung kaya naman at napakaraming mag-aaral ang sumasangguni sa internet para sa kanilang pag-aaral. Ngunit, ang internet ay nagbibigay rin ng kaligayan at kaaliwan sa mga mag-aaral. Dalawa ang pinakamadalas na ginagawa ng mga mag-aaral kapag sila ay sumasangguni sa internet: Ang “social-networking” na kung saan ito’y naging pangunahing instrumento sa madaling komunikasyon tulad ng Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram at iba pa. At “Online Gaming” na kung saan kinahuhumalingan dahil sa mga grapiko nito tulad ng Defense of the Ancient, Mercenary, iDate at iba pa. At dito, isinisilang ang mga kakaibang salita na...... Words: 2312 - Pages: 10
Free Essay ...In recent years, there has been an extraordinary rise in digital communication, especially through mobile phones and social media; reading the newspaper has become reading a blog, watching the television has become watching YouTube videos. Younger generations have been pretty much born in a world that resolves around sharing and reading content on the web. Digital communication considerably influences the way we speak. But is this good or bad? Multi-modal language is simply any type of commination that isn’t in person, face-to-face. One of the most common forms of multi modal is through social media. Because of it’s popularity, social media is clearly having an impact on language, however there are advantages and disadvantages to the way they influence it. Advantages include that it is usually free, you are able to keep in contact with distant family and friends and make potential friends who have common interests as you. Disadvantages however are that there is legal and ethical issues such as cyberbullying and fraud, people may become addicted and distract themselves from reality and that people rely on social media and lose real life social skills. Majority of the people that use social media are teenagers. There are plenty different language features used in digital communication. They each have different purposes and effects. Emoji’s/Emoticons -- Emoji’s are used to show the overall emotion of the message. Through texting you are not able to see a person’s facial...... Words: 1304 - Pages: 6
Free Essay ...1 Akpos: I want us to be in a relationship. Jumoke: Its okay but under one condition Akpos: Which one? Jumoke: No s*x coz am preserving it for my future hubby. Akpos: Thats okay, I also have my condition jumoke: Which one? Akpos: No using of my money coz am preserving it for my future wife... 2 Which of the following is Nigeria's greatest disappointment? (A) Super Eagles (B) PHCN(NEPA) (C) MTN (D) Nigeria Police Force (E) Our Leaders 3. Okon : I saw a strap of yOur bra Teacher : Okon qet out! No class fOr yOu fOr a week (Another Boy Lauqhs) Teacher : Why did yOu Laugh? Boy : I saw both straps of yOur bra. Teacher : Get out! No class fOr yOu fOr 1 mOnth. (Teacher bends down to pick chalk's Akpos started walking out) Teacher : Akpos, why are yOu gOing out? Akpos : With what I just saw now, I think my schOOl days are Over! 3 What shall it profit a man if he slaps Usain Bolt and runs away?? 4. Akpors got a message from his girl friend on his birthday ''Message Reads ''HBD Boo....LLNP, LYSM TTYL'' Akpors provoked and called her phone ''Kate what is the meaning of HBD LLNP and Those rubbish.... Kate replied Haaa Akpors don't tell me you are this dumb.....and local Oh My Gooosh,you don't... Words: 3202 - Pages: 13
Premium Essay ...Cyberbullying by Nicole M. Aune A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in School Psychology Approved: 2 Semester Credits The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout December, 2009 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin~Stout Menomonie, WI Author: Title: Aune, Nicole M. Cyberbullying Graduate Degree/ Major: MS School Psychology Research Adviser: MonthlYear: Number of Pages: Dr. Amy Schlieve December 2009 29 Style Manual Used: American Psychological Association, 5th edition ABSTRACT A literature review of research pertaining to cyberbullying was completed. Findings indicate that cyberbullying is becoming more prevalent as students spend an increasing amount of time using technology that keeps them connected to people at all hours of the day. There are many different ways in which cyberbullies reach their victims, including instant messaging over the Internet, social networking web sites, text messaging and phone calls to cell phones. There are different forms of cyberbullying including, but not limited to, harassment, impersonation, and cyberstalking. It has been found that there are differences between not only the prevalence of cyberbullying between males and females but also the ways in which males and females cyberbully. Like bullying, cyberbullying is a serious problem which can cause the victim to feel inadequate and overly self-conscious, along with... Words: 7448 - Pages: 30
Free Essay ...Cyberbullying by Nicole M. Aune A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in School Psychology Approved: 2 Semester Credits The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout December, 2009 Author: Title: The Graduate School University of Wisconsin~Stout Menomonie, WI Aune, Nicole M. Cyberbullying Graduate Degree/ Major: MS School Psychology Research Adviser: Dr. Amy Schlieve MonthlY ear: December 2009 Number of Pages: 29 Style Manual Used: American Psychological Association, 5 th edition ABSTRACT A literature review of research pertaining to cyberbullying was completed. ii Findings indicate that cyberbullying is becoming more prevalent as students spend an increasing amount of time using technology that keeps them connected to people at all hours of the day. There are many different ways in which cyberbullies reach their victims, including instant messaging over the Internet, social networking web sites, text messaging and phone calls to cell phones. There are different forms of cyberbullying including, but not limited to, harassment, impersonation, and cyberstalking. It has been found that there are differences between not only the prevalence of cyberbullying between males and females but also the ways in which males and females cyberbully. Like bullying, cyberbullying is a serious problem which can cause the victim to feel ... Words: 7462 - Pages: 30 |
Does the historian admit that the methods of the businessmen of the period are unethical
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