When working with newspapers and magazines, you will likely begin with an article, especially if you are using digitized newspaper and magazine collections, article indexes, or footnote tracking as strategies for discovering primary sources. All newspaper and magazine articles have authors, but the authors are not always identified. Many articles are unsigned, by which we mean the author remains anonymous. The part of a newspaper article that identifies the author or authors is called the byline, which you can see in the example below. In a newspaper article, the byline will sometimes include the author's affiliation (does he or she work for the newspaper itself, or is he or she a reporter for a newswire service like the Associated Press?) and sometimes even the author's job title (e.g. Crime Reporter). If there is a byline, it can appear in different places--beneath the headline, or sometimes at the end of the article itself. There is no special name for the part of a magazine article that identifies its author, but as with newspapers, many magazine articles are unsigned. If the article is signed, the author's name can appear beneath the title, or at the end of the article. Unsigned articles have been conventional throughout the history of journalism, though less so after the 19th century. In Britain, the number of unsigned magazine articles written by now-famous authors was so great, that scholars in the 20th century tried to provide attribution for as many of these unsigned articles as possible. The results of their work can be consulted in the Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals. Magazine articles often have titles, but not always. Sometimes, especially if the article forms part of a special section, it will be untitled. Newspaper articles technically do not have titles, but headlines. Headlines and titles serve similar functions, but a headline is really one or more line of display type intended to capture the reader's attention. One reason to understand that headlines are not the same as titles is that a newspaper article reprinted from a newswire service like the Associated Press will often have completely different headlines, depending on the newspaper in which it is printed. The headline chosen for such an article can sometimes reveal information about the newspaper's editorial stance. Finally, a newspaper article will often have a dateline. An article's dateline is the part of the article that identifies the location from which the reporter filed the article. It can also refer to the date the article was filed with the newspaper, but the word primarily refers to the location. Not every article will carry a dateline, but if it does, you can use that information to decide how near the author was to the event he or she is reporting. For example, in the newspaper article below, we might interpret the reporter's information differently if the article carried a London or New York dateline.
The goal of citing research sources is to enable researchers to locate the exact item which is being referenced. The most basic information needed for citing a source from MNHS collections includes:
Photographer is known: Photographer. Title. Date. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, MN. Enstrom, Louis. Cat in Doll Bed. ca. 1915. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, MN. Photographer is known, and image is part of a larger collection: Photographer. Title. Date. Collection Name. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, MN. Robert McNeely. Walter Mondale holds a meeting in the Vice President's Office in the West Wing of the White House. 9 February 1977. Vice President's Photographer negatives, Vice Presidential Papers, Walter F. Mondale Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, MN. Photographer is unknown, but image is in a larger collection: Title. Date. Collection Name. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, MN. Photographer is unknown: Title. Date. Minnesota Historical Society, Saint Paul, MN.
Two of the more well-known satirical brands are the Onion and The Daily Show. The Onion is a mostly text-based (articles) website and The Daily Show airs on Comedy Central and also posts shows and clips online. Here are few examples of their work. The Onion Trump Confident U.S. Military Strike On Syria Wiped Out Russian Scandal GOP Makes Good On 2009 Promise To Block President’s Healthcare Bill Trump Unveils Sprawling New Presidential Retreat Where He Can Escape From Stresses Of Mar-A-Lago The Daily Show with Trevor Noah
Sean Spicer: Kindergarten Press Secretary. https://youtu.be/3RCcrt56tO0
Stephanie (2018, February 5). What to do if your Obamacare 1095-A column B is zero. Poorer than you. http://poorerthanyou.com/category/taxes/ APA Style on citing Blogs WikipediaWhen citing Wikipedia, cite an archived version of a Wikipedia page so that readers can retrieve the version you used. *Access the archived version on Wikipedia by selecting “View history” and then the time and date of the version you used. *If a wiki does not provide permanent links to archived versions of the page, include the URL for the entry and a retrieval date. Business performance management. (2018, January 25). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_performance_management Neurology. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved December 15, 2017 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology APA Style Blog on citing Wikipedia Entire blog, wiki, or personal website"In my paper, I mention a blog. I refer to the blog as a whole, and I am not discussing a specific blog post. Do I need to create an in-text citation and a reference list citation?" No. All you need to do is include the URL within the body of your paper, and you do not need to include the website and URL in your reference list at the end of the paper. In APA Style there is no specific formatting recommendations. Two examples for mentioning the entire blog, wiki or personal website. In the body of the paper: 1) At age 22, blogger Stephanee (Stephanie), started her the blog Poorer Than You (http://poorerthanyou.com). The posts are aimed at millennials and provide financial advice on a variety of topics. 2) I have learned a lot by reading the Psych Learning Curve blog (http://psychlearningcurve.org). This blog is an excellent resource for teachers.
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"APA Style has special formatting rules for the titles of the sources you use in your paper, such as the titles of books, articles, book chapters, reports, and webpages. The different formats that might be applied are capitalization (see Publication Manual, section 4.15), italics (see section 4.21), and quotation marks (see section 4.07), and they are used in different combinations for different kinds of sources in different contexts." Here are the rules you need to know: APA Style Blog. How to Capitalize and Format Reference Titles in APA Style Is the formatting of an in-text article title different from the reference list?Yes. Here are the rules you need to know: APA Style Blog. How to Capitalize and Format Reference Titles in APA Style What do I do when the title ends in a question mark or exclamation point?Keep the original punctuation and do not add any extra. In the example below, the question mark at the end of the title takes the place of the period we would have otherwise inserted. There is no need to have two punctuation marks in a row. Source: APA Style Blog Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Stack, A. D. (1999). Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: Self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 367–376. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.367 Page 3
Film, Video, or DVD Director's last name, first initial (Director), & director's last name, first initial Examples: 1. Hitchcock, A. (Director). (1941). Suspicion. [Film]. Turner. 2. Coppola, F (Director). (1972). The Godfather. [Motion picture]. Paramount Pictures. Television Series Executive Producer’s last name, first initial (Executive Producer). (Date rate of release). Title of Example: Crane, D & Kauffman, M (Executive Producers). (1994). Friends [TV series]. National Broadcasting Company. Single Episode of a Television Series Writer’s last name, first initial (Writer), & Director’s last name, first initial (Director). (Original air date). Title of episode (Season number, Episode number) [TV series episode]. In Producer(s) first initial, last name (Executive Producer), Series title. Production Company(s). Example: Carlock, R. (Writer), & Halvorson, G (Director). (2003). The one with the cake Music Recording Recording artists's last name, first initial. (Year of release). Title of song [Album]. Title of album [Album]. Label. Example: John, Elton (1975). Someone saved my life tonight. Captain fantastic and the brown dirt cowboy [Album]. MCA. Image Photographer's last name, first initial. (Year of Publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source. URL (if retrieved electronically) Example: Kulbis, M. (2006). Men pray [Photograph], Retrieved April 12, 2006. Source. http://accuweather.ap.org/cgi-bin/aplaunch.pl Presentation slides Author. (Publication date). Title of presentation [Type of material]. URL Example: Kapterev, Alexei. (2007). Death by PowerPoint [PowerPoint slides]. http://www.slideshare.net/thecroaker/death-by-powerpoint |