A.Bacterial meningitis.52.A client is prescribed bed rest with bathroom privileges. What would the nurse instructunlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) when providing morning care to the client?A.Ambulate the client to use the commode to void and return to the bed.53.A primagravida at term comes to the prenatal clinical and tells the nurse that she is havingcontractions every 5 minutes. The nurse monitors the client for one hour, using an external fetalmonitor, and determines that theclient’scontractions are 7 to 15 seconds with mild intensity bypalpation. Action?Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study MaterialDownloaded by: crystalwhiteann | [email protected]Distribution of this document is illegal Show Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study MaterialA.Send the client home and instruct her to call the clinic when her contractions occur 5minutes apart for one hour54.A nurse assesses aclient’scare after receiving a report from the practical nurse, who isleaving the unit.The PN report that theclients’ dressing was changes, and the dressing changeand wound appearance were documentedin the nurses’ note. The nurse later observes that thedate on the clients dressing is from the previous day and was initialed by the nurse who cared forthe client the previous day, What action should the nurse take?A.Confirm the finding with the charge nurse before completing and documenting thedressing change55.One year after being diagnosed with Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia, a client is admittedwith respiratory failure. Respirations are shallow with periods of apnea. After the HCP delivers agrim prognosis to theclient’sfamily, which intervention should the nurse implement firstA.Clarifyclient’send of life wishes56.A client who has been in active labor for 12 hours suddenly tells the nurse that she has astrong urge to have a bowel movement. What action should the nurse take?A.Perform a sterile vaginal exam.57.A client who is 6 weeks postpartum is diagnosed with postpartum psychosis. Whatmanifestations of this disorder will the nurse expect to assess in the client?A.Hears voices saying the baby is a mass murderer58.Which instruction should the nurse provide to an elderly client taking an ACE inhibitor and acalcium channel blocker?A. Change positions slowly59.A client withBells’palsy is at risk for impaired nutrition, which action should nurse includeinthe clients plan of care?A. Teach the client to chew food on the unaffected side of the face60.When preparing to start change-of-shift report, the charge nurse observes an unlicensedassistive personnel (UAP) walking in the hallway with a urine specimen that is not covered.After telling the UAP to cover the specimen, what intervention should the charge nurseimplementA.Review infection control guidelines with the UAP at the next opportunity61.In monitoring aclient’srespiratory status, which symptom is characteristic of early acute(adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)A. Increased respiratory rate62. Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document End of preview. Want to read all 301 pages? Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Tags Nursing, UAP, The Grave, male client
Bacterial meningitis is serious. Some people with the infection die and death can occur in as little as a few hours. However, most people recover from bacterial meningitis. Those who do recover can have permanent disabilities, such as brain damage, hearing loss, and learning disabilities. CausesSeveral types of bacteria can cause meningitis. Leading causes in the United States include
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis or TB, is a less common cause of bacterial meningitis (called TB meningitis). Many of these bacteria can also be associated with another serious illness, sepsis. Sepsis is the body’s extreme response to infection. It is a life-threatening medical emergency. Sepsis happens when an infection triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. Without timely treatment, sepsis can quickly lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. Some causes of bacterial meningitis are more likely to affect certain age groups:
Risk FactorsCertain factors increase a person’s risk for getting bacterial meningitis. These risk factors include:
In many countries, TB is much more common than in the United States. Travelers should avoid close contact or prolonged time with known TB patients in crowded, enclosed environments (for example, clinics, hospitals, prisons, or homeless shelters). How It SpreadsCertain germs that cause bacterial meningitis, such as L. monocytogenes, can spread through food. But most of these germs spread from one person to another. How people spread the germs often depends on the type of bacteria. It is also important to know that people can have these bacteria in or on their bodies without being sick. These people are “carriers.” Most carriers never become sick, but can still spread the bacteria to others. Here are some of the most common examples of how people spread each type of bacteria to each other:
People usually get sick from E. coli and L. monocytogenes by eating contaminated food. Signs and Symptoms
Being pregnant increases a person’s risk of getting a Listeria infection (L. monocytogenes). Pregnant people with a Listeria infection may not have any symptoms or may only have a fever and other flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue and muscle aches. However, infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or life-threatening infection of the newborn, including meningitis. Find out which foods are more likely to contain Listeria and steps you can take to protect your and your baby’s health. Pregnant women can pass group B Streptococcus (group B strep) to their baby during delivery. Newborns infected with group B strep can develop meningitis or other serious infections soon after birth. Talk with your doctor or midwife about getting a group B test when you are 36 through 37 weeks pregnant. Doctors give antibiotics (during labor) to women who test positive in order to prevent infections in newborns. Meningitis symptoms include sudden onset of
There are often other symptoms, such as
Newborns and babies may not have, or it may be difficult to notice the classic symptoms listed above. Instead, babies may
If you think your baby or child has any of these symptoms, call the doctor right away. Typically, symptoms of bacterial meningitis develop within 3 to 7 days after exposure; note, this is not true for TB meningitis, which can develop much later after exposure to the bacteria. People with bacterial meningitis can have seizures, go into a coma, and even die. For this reason, anyone who thinks they may have meningitis should see a doctor as soon as possible. DiagnosisIf a doctor suspects meningitis, they will collect samples of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (fluid near the spinal cord). A laboratory will test the samples to see what is causing the infection. Knowing the specific cause of meningitis helps doctors treat it. TreatmentDoctors treat bacterial meningitis with a number of antibiotics. It is important to start treatment as soon as possible. PreventionVaccinationVaccines are the most effective way to protect against certain types of bacterial meningitis. There are vaccines for 4 types of bacteria that can cause meningitis:
Make sure you and your child are vaccinated on schedule. Like with any vaccine, these vaccines do not work 100% of the time. The vaccines also do not protect against infections from all the types (strains) of each of these bacteria. For these reasons, there is still a chance vaccinated people can develop bacterial meningitis. ProphylaxisWhen someone has bacterial meningitis, a doctor may recommend antibiotics to help prevent people around the patient from getting sick. Doctors call this prophylaxis. CDC recommends prophylaxis for:
Doctors or local health departments recommend who should get prophylaxis. Healthy Pregnancy PracticesPregnant women should talk to their doctor or midwife about getting tested for group B Streptococcus. Women receive the test when they are 36 through 37 weeks pregnant. Doctors give antibiotics (during labor) to women who test positive in order to prevent passing group B strep to their newborns. Pregnant women can also reduce their risk of meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes. Women should avoid certain foods during pregnancy and safely prepare others. Healthy HabitsYou can also help protect yourself and others from bacterial meningitis and other health problems by maintaining healthy habits:
These healthy habits are especially important for people at increased risk for disease, including:
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A nurse observes an assistive personnel are caring for a client who has bacterial meningitis
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