Which of the following are two important components of the system unit microprocessor and memory keyboard and mouse microphone and speakers monitor and printer?

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Computer Hardware Basics
External hardware
Internal hardware
Computer Software Basics

Question

Answer

1. Machine that performs 4 basic functions: input, processing, storage, and output.

Computer

2. Physical parts of the computer that you can see and touch.2

Hardware

3. The programs or other "instructions" that a computer needs to perform specific tasks. Examples include Microsoft Office, web browsers, or any other program/application installed on the computer.3

Software

4. The main body or brain of a computer, also called the system unit. Consists of a plastic or metal enclosure, the motherboard (main circuit board), and (typically) internal hard disk/drives, power supply, cooling fans, and whatever circuit boards plugged into the motherboard, such as a video/graphics card and USB ports.4

Processor

5. Inside is the _____ which is housed on a tiny silicon chip that contains millions of switches and pathways that help your computer interpret and execute instructions. This is where the mathematical calculations and logical comparisons are done.5

CPU

6. Also in the processor is the ______ _______. It is what stores all your data. It houses the hard disk, where all your files and folders are physically located. A typical one is only slightly larger than your hand, yet can hold over 100 GB of data. The data is stored on a stack of disks that are mounted inside a solid encasement.6

Hard Drive

7. Devices used to enter data into the computer; mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone, digital camera are input devices.7

Input Device

8. Devices used to put out data processed by the computer; monitor, printer, and speaker.8

Output Device

9. A hardware device used to record and store data, such as a hard drive, flash drive, floppy disk, CD ROM, memory card.9

Storage Device

10. A computer’s temporary storage place, where it gets its work done. There are 2 main types.10

Memory

11. It is the main memory and stores data and programs while the computer is running. When the computer is turned off anything in main memory disappears. Computer can read from and write to this memory11

RAM

12. A computer chip that stores specific instructions to manage the computer’s operation. Unlike main memory, this type of memory is non-volatile—the instructions remain permanently on the chip and cannot be changed.12

ROM

13. Bit: short for binary digit, a bit is the smallest memory unit. 8 bits = 1 byte. Byte: short for binary digits eight, 1 byte = 1 character (a letter, number or symbol)Kilobyte: 1,024 bytes, Megabyte: 1,048,576 bytesv Gigabyte: 1,073,741,824 bytes, Terabyte: 1,099,511,627,776 bytes.13

Measuring Memory

14. Loads automatically and controls just about everything on your computer. Example: Microsoft Windows.14

Operating System

15. A two-digit numerical system, which computers use to store data and compute functions. The reason computers use this system is because digital switches inside the computer can only be set to either on or off, which are represented by a 1 or 0.15

Binary

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Unit 7. Evolution of computers

Click play on the following audio player to listen along as you read this section.

Computer Hardware Basics

– any physical device or equipment used in or with a computer system (anything you can see and touch).

External hardware

External hardware devices (peripherals) – any hardware device that is located outside the computer.
– a piece of hardware device which is used to enter information to a computer for processing.
Examples: keyboard, mouse, trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, joystick, microphone, light pen, webcam, speech input, etc.
– a piece of hardware device that receives information from a computer.
Examples: monitor, printer, scanner, speaker, display screen (tablet, smartphone …), projector, head phone, etc.

Internal hardware

Internal hardware devices (or internal hardware components) – any piece of hardware device that is located inside the computer.
Examples: CPU, hard disk drive, ROM, RAM, etc.

Computer Software Basics

– a set of instructions or programs that tells a computer what to do or how to perform a specific task (computer software runs on hardware).
Main types of software – systems software and application software.

– a computer program that provides users with tools to accomplish a specific task.
Examples of application software: word processing, spreadsheets, presentation, database management, Internet browsers, email programs, media players, accounting, pronunciation, translation, desktop publishing, enterprise, etc.

– it is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application software, and make the computer system available for use. It serves as the interface between hardware, application software, and the user.

Main functions of system software – allocating system resources, managing storage space, storing and retrieval of files, providing security, etc.
Main types of systems software – operating system, device driver, utility software, programming software, etc.

– a software that controls and coordinates the computer hardware devices and runs other software and applications on a computer. It is the main part of system software and a computer will not function without it.

Main functions of an operating system – booting the computer, managing system resources (CPU, memory, storage devices, printer, etc.), managing files, handling input and output, executing and providing services for application software, etc.
Examples of operating system: Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS, Android OS, macOS, Linux, etc.

– a software program that is designed to control a particular hardware device that is attached to a computer.

The main purpose of device driver – it acts as a translator between the hardware device and operating systems or applications that use it.
It instructs computer on how to communicate with the device by translating the operating system’s instructions into a language that a device can understand in order to perform the necessary task.
Examples of device driver: printer driver, display driver, USB driver, sound card driver, motherboard driver, ROM driver, etc.

– a type of system software that helps set up, analyze, configure, strengthen, maintain a computer and performs a very specific task (e.g. antivirus software, backup software, memory tester, screen saver, etc.).

any physical device or equipment used in or with a computer system (anything you can see and touch).

any hardware device that is located outside the computer.

a piece of hardware device which is used to enter information to a computer for processing.

a piece of hardware device that receives information from a computer.

any piece of hardware device that is located inside the computer.

a set of instructions or programs that tells a computer what to do or how to perform a specific task (computer software runs on hardware).

a computer program that provides users with tools to accomplish a specific task.

it is designed to run a computer's hardware and application software, and make the computer system available for use. It serves as the interface between hardware, application software, and the user.

a software that controls and coordinates the computer hardware devices and runs other software and applications on a computer. It is the main part of system software and a computer will not function without it.

a software program that is designed to control a particular hardware device that is attached to a computer.

a type of system software that helps set up, analyze, configure, strengthen, maintain a computer and performs a very specific task (e.g. antivirus software, backup software, memory tester, screen saver, etc.).