 Monitors are a major contributor to the operation of desktop computers. We may not even realise it, but there are several things we need to learn about them. Show
Imagine your personal computer (PC) without a monitor. Sure, the keyboard and mouse will still work, the same goes for the speakers and the CPU. But how are you going to see what you are doing? It is impossible to get the job done without it—let alone call it a desktop computer or a PC. So, why and how is it important? How does a computer monitor work? What is a Computer Monitor?A monitor is the primary output hardware of a computer. It displays pictures, text, and videos in real-time, allowing the user to interact with the computer. It comes with a screen, a power supply, a button to adjust screen settings, and a casing that holds these components. But these are not the only features of a monitor. How does a computer monitor work? Monitors work by displaying information processed by the computer’s video card. The result of the processing displayed by the monitor is called output. The output provides instant feedback by showing you text and graphic images as you work or play. Older computer monitors used cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. A CRT tube type monitor utilises an electron beam to generate images on the screen. The viewing end of the tube is coated with phosphors, which emit light when struck by electrons. In colour monitors, CRT has three separate guns, one for each phosphor colour. The combinations of red, green, and blue phosphors can create the illusion of millions of colours. We will get to more modern monitors later. When it comes to monochrome monitors, each phosphor is a single dot that varies in intensity. This creates a grayscale image using a series of single monochrome phosphors. To darken a phosphor dot, we apply fewer electrons to it. But if we want to have a lighter phosphor, we do the opposite; we apply a high-intensity electron stream to it. Features of monitorsA computer monitor has various characteristics, this includes:
Types of Computer MonitorsThere are two primary types of computer monitors:
CRT is a lot cheaper, more durable and has a better gradation between colours. LCD, in contrast, is lighter and more compact and tends to have better resolution. Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitorAs mentioned earlier, the formerly common type of monitor is CRT technology. To explain further, a CRT has a large vacuum tube in the back. Most people with recognise these as the box monitors which taper in the back, as opposed to the flat-panel monitors we use today. It has a cathode that contains a heated filament which becomes an electron gun. These electron guns fire off streams of electrons in response to the visual signal it receives from the computer. Ahead of the cathode, is a set of electromagnets that activate in response to the same signal, altering the course of the electron stream. The back of the glass plate contains millions of tiny phosphor dots divided into three groups: red, blue, and green. These are the pixels. When the electron stream touches the pixels, the correct combination of the phosphors will create any colour in the spectrum. The stream passes over the monitor at a rate of 50 to 100 times per second, creating a continuous interactive image. Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitorAs the name suggests, this type of monitor uses LCD technology. A liquid crystal display (LCD) has replaced traditional CRT monitors, which used to be the standard. With the continuous improvement of LCD technology, LCD monitors are far more competitive over CRT, in terms of:
Moreover, LCD is a type of flat panel monitor, meaning it is designed to be thin instead of curved like CRT. An LCD screen is also composed of two treated plates of polarised glass pressed together. Between these plates is where the liquid crystal material lies, responding to an electrical current. This also allows different wavelengths of light to pass through at various points across its surface. Meaning, it blocks out the majority of light, enabling only specific wavelengths. You might also have heard of LED, OLED, and QLED monitors. These are all forms of LCD displays, with the difference being the type of back-lighting. Monitors referred to / advertised as LCD have florescent back-lighting. The DisplayAll kinds of monitors have a resolution type for displaying images. For one, the inch sizes of LCDs tell what their resolution type is. A 17-inch display can have a resolution of 1024×768, whereas a 20-inch display can have 1600×1200. Keep in mind that the number in inches is the diagonal size of the monitor’s screen. The resolution, meanwhile, is the pixel width by pixel height. Video display adaptersA monitor should have a video display adapter attached to the computer to display graphics. These adapters are also called video graphics cards. There are three types of graphic cards:
In the world of computing, the role of a monitor is to display the programs, software or video to the user accurately and clearly. In other words, it is the video output device that displays text, video, and other information. It completes the system of a desktop computer. And with a video card, the computer will display the results on the monitor. If you are currently looking for the right computer monitor for your WFH or at-home school needs, take a look at this Samsung 21.5” LED Monitor (no longer available). What we like about this model is it features a sharp, high contrast LED display. It is ideal for any computer with HDMI or VGA out, including the Raspberry Pi microcomputer. This monitor also has a very wide viewing angle thanks to Samsung’s Magic Angle technology. What’s more, it automatically adjusts the brightness of your monitor to save energy. Experience amazing new levels of colour, brilliance and picture quality through the very latest in Mega Dynamic Contrast Ratio! © Wiltronics Research Pty Ltd 2021 Paul's passion for technology and digital media goes back over 30 years. Born in the UK, he now lives in the US. Read on for 10 examples and the definition of an "output device." Canva What Is an Output Device?An output device is a piece of computer hardware that receives data from a computer and then translates that data into another form. That form may be audio, visual, textual, or hard copy such as a printed document. The key distinction between an input device and an output device is that an input device sends data to the computer, whereas an output device receives data from the computer. For example, using a microphone to record a podcast is an example of using an input device. Listening to the recorded podcast through a connected speaker is an example of using an output device. Both output and input devices are examples of auxiliary, or peripheral, devices. Analyzing the Functionality of a DeviceThere are four different categories of output device: Each output device example has a specific history, so here I cover specifically how each device works, when it became a part of technology history, popular brands on the market selling the device, and a fun fact. For more information about input devices, check out my article "Computer Basics: 10 Examples of Input Devices." 10 Examples of Output Devices
A monitor takes data from a computer and presents it visually. 1. MonitorMode: Visual Function: A monitor consists of a screen, circuitry, a power supply, buttons to adjust screen settings, and a casing that contains all of these components. A monitor displays data from a computer onto a screen so the user can interact with the data via a digital interface. Popular Brands: Acer, Alienware, Apple, Asus, Dell, HP, LG, Lenovo, Samsung Origin Story: The first monitors used the same technology as early televisions, relying on a cathode ray tube and a fluorescent screen. This technology was first utilized for computer monitors in 1965 in the Uniscope 300 machine, which had a built-in CRT display. CRT display lights up a series of dots with a beam on an active part of the screen. This resulted in a maximum resolution of 1600 by 1200 pixels. LCD (liquid crystal display) entered the market in 2000 and outsold CRT monitors in 2007. Nowadays, monitors incorporate flat display technology. Plasma monitors are brighter than both CRT and LCD and function by illuminating tiny charged gas bubbles, or plasma, in the screen. Fun Fact: VDT (video display terminal) and VDU (video display unit) are alternative names for monitors. A computer sends data to a printer, which is then output by printing data onto paper or into a 3-dimensional item. 2. PrinterMode: Print Function: The function of a printer is to create a copy of whatever is sent from the computer to the printer. Printers take electronic data sent from a computer and generate a hard copy. Popular Brands: Brother, Canon, Epson Origin Story: Photocopying, also known as xerography, is the origin-technology of modern-day printing and was invented in 1938 by Chester S. Carlson of Queens, New York. The first inkjet printer was developed in 1951. There are many different types of printers, with inkjet and laser printers being two of the most common. Modern printers usually connect to a computer with a USB cable or via Wi-Fi. Fun Fact: A plotter, which is also a type of print output device, is a similar type of hardware device to a printer. Unlike a printer, however, plotters use writing tools, such as pen, pencil, marker, to draw lines. Designed to use vector graphics, plotters were once commonly employed for computer-aided design, but have now been largely replaced by wide-format printers. A computer sends data that is output to headphones in the form of sound. Mode: Sound Function: Headphones output audio from a computer through two individual headphones for a single listener. Also known as earphones, headphones allow you to listen to audio without disrupting other people in the vicinity. Popular Brands: Sennheiser, JBL, Bose, Sony, Skullcandy Origin Story: There’s no single figure who invented headphones, but the use of headphones stems from the military. Nathaniel Baldwin of Utah submitted a headphone prototype to the U.S. Navy in 1910, which was adopted some years after by Naval radio operators. Koss Corporation then created the first commercial stereo headphones in 1958. Nowadays, headphones come in all shapes and sizes, from basic earbuds to the traditional style with padding around the earpieces and a connecting band that fits over the user's head. Fun Fact: Headphones were popularized for mainstream use in 1979 by Sony Walkman. Speakers receive vibrational cues from a computer and elicit sound. Canva 4. Computer SpeakersMode: Sound Function: Computer speakers are hardware devices that transform the signal from the computer's sound card into audio. Speakers create sound using internal amplifiers that vibrate at different frequencies according to data from the computer. This produces sound. Popular Brands: Audioengine, Logitech, Razer, Harman Origin Story: Speakers are essential if you want a louder sound, surround sound, fuller bass, or just higher quality audio. The first internal computer speaker (a speaker inside the chassis of a laptop) was created in 1981 by IBM. External computer speakers began to appear in stores in the early 1990s when computer gaming, digital music, and other forms of media became popular. Some computer speakers are wireless nowadays, connecting to the computer via Bluetooth. Fun Fact: You can turn your speakers (or headphones!) into a microphone. The difference between computer speakers and a microphone is that the frequency of the vibration originates from external sounds rather than data from a computer. A computer sends data, which is output visually on to a surface. 5. ProjectorMode: Visual Function: As its name suggests, this output device "projects" computer images or video onto a wall or screen. Popular Brands: BenQ, Sony, Optoma, Epson Origin Story: Originally, projectors weren’t an output device. Projectors were first created and used in late 19th-century France. Throughout history, biunial lanterns were used to project ink on glass by photographers, lecturers, and magicians. A biunial lantern is a lantern with projection capabilities. "Biunial" means combining two things into one, so a biunial lantern is a directional lantern and a glass slide with a print on it for projecting. In the early 1920s, filmstrips were used to show “films” in classrooms. Turning the knob allowed teachers to stop on specific slides. Clear film copies for projectors weren’t invented until the 1960s, and 3M became the leading producer in clear film and projectors. The data projector was invented in 1980. This is the first year it was considered an “output device.” The data projector was the first rendition of the projector that was closest to modern-day. Using a single cathode ray tube (CRT), the first data projector projected only monochromatically. Nowadays, projectors are typically used for presentations, watching movies, or as a teaching aid, as they enable an entire roomful of people to see images generated by a single computer. Modern projectors usually connect to the computer via an HDMI (high-definition multimedia) cable or VGA (video graphics array) cable. Fun Fact: 3D projectors are designed to project two images of the same thing from different angles at the same time. Wearing 3D glasses, the viewer can see a 3D projection composed of multiple superimposed images. A computer pings a satellite to "tell" the satellite its location. 6. GPS (Global Positioning System)Mode: Data Function: GPS is a radio-based navigation system that’s composed of a sender computer and a receiver. The sender broadcasts signals to 24 satellites that ping to the sender the exact location of the sender computer in the form of latitude and longitude coordinates. The satellites use microwave signals to “talk” to the GPS, giving information on location, vehicle speed, and a number of other pieces of data. Popular Brands: Magellan, Garmin, TomTom Origin Story: A Soviet-era technology, GPS was originally used in the 1960s to track U.S. submarines carrying nuclear missiles. The Department of Defense deployed more satellites to bolster the burgeoning navigation system. By 1993, 24 satellites were in orbit and GPS was used broadly across the world in agriculture, aviation, the military, athletics, science, and the list goes on. Fun Fact: Until May 1st, 2000, high-quality GPS signals were confined for use by the government. A computer sends data to the sound card, which then translates the data into vibrational patterns. These patterns are output by speakers as sound. 7. Sound CardMode: Sound Function: The sound card controls the output of sound signals, enabling devices like speakers and headphones to work. The sound card is known as an expansion card, which means it can be added to the motherboard. Although a sound card is not essential to a computer's basic functionality, you need one if you wish to play games, watch movies, listen to music, and use audio and video conferencing. Popular Brands: Audigy, ASUS, Creative, EVGA Origin Story: The first sound card was invented by Sherwin Gooch in 1972 and was used in PLATO systems (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations). PLATO was the first computer-assisted learning system in widespread use. It wasn't until 1988 that sound cards were widely used in PCs. When computer data is sent through a sound card, it is sent to the card digitally. The sound card then translates the digital information (in the form of binary, or 0s and 1s) into analog information: vibrations, output in the form of sound. Fun Fact: The popularization of sound cards originated in the gaming realm. Sierra Entertainment, a gaming platform, began supporting add-ons like sound cards and this enabled the sound card industry to grow without being an underground solution to a growing issue: shallow sound while gaming. A video card can greatly improve a computer user's gaming experience. Canva 8. Video CardMode: Visual Function: As with the sound card, the video card is an expansion card that slots into the motherboard. The video card processes images and video, enabling visuals to be seen on a display. Most computers have basic video and graphics capabilities built into the computer's motherboard, but for faster, more detailed graphics, a video card is required. Popular Brands: NVIDIA, ASUS, MSI, EVGA Origin Story: Video cards are also known as GPUs or graphics processing units. Before modern-day GPUs, IBM introduced the MDA (monochrome display adapter). The MDA supported visuals such as text and lines for uses such as drafting but didn't offer any graphical experiences. In order to increase the functionality of the burgeoning computing technology, Hercules Computer Technology invented the Hercules Graphics Card, which integrated with the MDA to offer a bitmapped (or "rasterized," or pixelated), graphics experience. From the 1990s on, graphics technology was increasingly like modern-day graphics cards and has increased in graphic quality and speed significantly since then. Fun Fact: Video cards can work in both 2D images and 3D images. Images like browsers, computer desktops, and PDFs are considered 2D images, whereas computer games are considered 3D. A braille reader uses the kinetic nature of the piezoelectric-driven keyboard to send braille letters in the form of raised bumps to the user. 9. Braille ReaderMode: Print Function: A braille reader is a peripheral device that enables a blind person to read text displayed on a computer monitor. The text is sent by the computer to the device, where it is translated into a braille format and made readable by pushing rounded pins up through a flat surface. Braille readers are also called braille displays and come in various sizes. Braille readers come in the form of separate devices from a keyboard or as part of a keyboard. Most use piezoelectric technology, or electricity generated by mechanical stress, to create a single line of text at a time in the form of raised bumps. This was the case until late 2018 when Blitlab proposed an electronic solution to the limited capabilities of braille readers. Blitlab, upon its release, will allow the visually impaired to use the internet and read books and newspapers more independently. The technology is still in development. The device will cost only around $500, which is little compared to traditional braille readers, which cost around $5,000 to $11,000. Popular Brands: ALVA, Handy Tech, Freedom Scientific, BrailleNote Origin Story: Braille is a 63 character alphabet invented in 1824 by Louis Braille. Braille was embossed on paper and other materials for decades before braille reader technology was invented. The first braille output technology was patented in 1975 by the Schönherr Company, and braille reader technology has evolved slowly since. Fun Fact: Blitlab is the first tablet-style braille reader technology that will utilize a perforated glass screen that raises bumps as the computer reads the text from websites and translates it to braille. SGDs can read text from typing or track eye movement to generate sound output of the message. 10. Speech-Generating Device (SGD)Mode: Sound Function: SGDs, also known as voice output communication aids, generate text to speech. A user types something and when the command is sent, the SGD reads the sentence out loud. Popular Brands: DynaVox, Luminaud, ZYGO Industries, Inc. Origin Story: The first version of the SGD used print output. The “patient-operated selector mechanism,” or POSSUM, found symbols on a display and illuminated them for the reader. In the 1980s Dynavox was formed by students from Carnegie Mellon University with the goal to make an effective SGD for a young woman with cerebral palsy. This resulted in the invention of the EyeTyper, a device that allowed the user to spell with their eyes that would then be spoken. Fun Fact: The most famous use of an SGD was by Stephen Hawking. Hawking was an astrophysicist with Lou Gehrig’s disease (also known as ALS). Lou Gehrig’s disease slowly deteriorates nerves in the spine and brain that results in gradual loss of muscle control. This often includes the ability to speak. Other Output Device Examples
Devices That Both Output and Input Data
Output Device Knowledge: An Evolving TopicThe variety and complexity of output devices evolve with technology. Conceptually output devices have existed for decades. The biunial lantern, for example, sufficed in lieu of a more advanced option for projecting pictures; most output devices (like projectors) as they are known today didn't come into widespread use until the popularization of computer use at home in the 1980s. Please leave questions, comments, and concerns in the comments below! I'd love to hear about your experiences with different output devices. This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional. © 2019 Paul Goodman Sravani on September 15, 2020: Tq for giving this awesome information jenil on September 15, 2020: thanks you so much amazing work helped me so much hi on September 14, 2020: no thank you hehe on September 09, 2020: thank you! zamar on September 08, 2020: thanks for imformatin Asisipho yeko on September 06, 2020: Thanks with the information you gave me sir provencher on August 27, 2020: thanks for your super support I love it Haleemah on August 25, 2020: Thanks very much sir May God give u more knowledge and understanding Bookworm on August 24, 2020: good, may God bless u sir Ernest on August 21, 2020: Thanks for your help on August 17, 2020: Very helpful Cletusudofia on August 03, 2020: Thank you sir. Pls sir is an Electric Bulb an output device? 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Which device is used to display information and images generated by a computer?
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