Which amendment best reflects and reaffirms the principle of limited government and federalism?

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"The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque or reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, …unless nine States assent to the same. Nor shall a question on any other point be determined, unless by the votes of the majority of the United States in Congress assembled."—Articles of Confederation. This quote best reflects the principle of: a- popular sovereignty by giving most of the power of government to the people b- natural rights by listing what the government can do with the states’ consent c- social contract by preventing the federal government from too much power

d- limited government by restricting the powers of the federal government

A person who strongly believes in the principle of federalism would favor a government where: a- the federal government has the majority of government powers and responsibility b- power is as equally divided as possible between the state and central governments c- state and local governments share the bulk of government responsibility and power

d- a president enforces al decisions made by a majority vote of the state governments

b- power is as equally divided as possible between the state and central governments

"The majority, oppressing an individual, is guilty of a crime, abuses its strength, and by acting on the law of the strongest breaks up the foundations of society."—Thomas Jefferson. Which of the following statements both relates to the quote above and supports it? a- The rule of law is an essential principle in the nation but not nearly as important as the idea of majority rule. b- The rule of law is the most important principle in the nation where votes of the majority determine the laws. c- The rule of the majority with protection for the minority’s rights is essential for preserving the liberties of all.

d- The rule of the majority is the only principle on which this nation should run in order to protect democracy.

c- The rule of the majority with protection for the minority’s rights is essential for preserving the liberties of all.

Republicanism is similar to the idea of representative democracy because both: a- describe forms of government where people vote on all choices b- refer to people electing leaders to make government decisions c- mean a form of government where the executive is supreme

d- explain why people choose not to participate in government

b- refer to people electing leaders to make government decisions

Which of the following parts of the U.S. Constitution best reveals the principle of federalism? a- oath of the president b- amendment process c- branches’ structure

d- supremacy clause

b- amendment process

Article I of the U.S. Constitution reflects the principle of republicanism because it describes the: a- executive branch, appointed by the senior member of the judicial branch b- executive branch, selected by the voters through a specially designed process c- legislative branch, made up of representatives elected by the people of each state

d- legislative branch, made up of representatives appointed by the governor of each state

c- legislative branch, made up of representatives elected by the people of each state

The veto power of the president under the U.S. Constitution best reflects the principle of: a- rule of law b- natural rights c- republicanism

d- checks and balances

A natural disaster strikes, and many people are without food or shelter. To protect public safety, the government would most likely: a- limit food distribution to peaceful peole b- set a curfew to prevent criminal activity c- distribute weapons for self-protection

d- have police search abandoned homes

b- set a curfew to prevent criminal activity

Americans would be most likely to accept some limitations to their rights when: a- the president recommends them b- public safety is considered at risk c- many soldiers are serving overseas

d- government leaders are unpopular

b- public safety is considered at risk

Why is freedom of expression an important right in American society? a- People must be able to share ideas without fear of punishment to participate in civic life. b- Defendants on trial have a right to representation from an attorney to help defend them. c- Early leaders of the nation supported it, but the freedom no longer requires protection.

d- Without freedom of expression, people would not be able to vote in elections.

a- People must be able to share ideas without fear of punishment to participate in civic life

Trial by jury is an important right for a defendant on trial because it: a- gives citizens a meaningful way to participate in civic life b- helps protect the not guilty from wrongful conviction c- relieves judges from the burden of making decisions

d- ensures that criminals are punished for crimes

b- helps protect the not guilty from wrongful conviction

One way the Constitution limits individual rights is that it: a- allows the legislative branch to make laws deemed necessary to maintain stability and security b-contains a clause stating that all individual rights will be suspended during a national emergency c- allows the judicial branch to add statements that restrict rights based on court cases

d- contains a clause stating that the president has the sole authority to restrict rights when necessary

a- allows the legislative branch to make laws deemed necessary to maintain stability and security

What effect could the "necessary and proper clause" to the Constitution have on rights? a- It places restrictions on rights during times of emergency such as a natural disaster. b- It safeguards rights by denying the power to make laws that would restrict them. c- It has the potential to lead to limits on rights by giving flexibility in making laws.

d- It gives rights strong protection against government actions that limit them.

c- it has the potential to lead to limits on rights by giving flexibility in making laws

Which of the following explains the outcome and significance of the McCulloch v. Maryland case? a- The Supreme Court decided in favor of McCulloch, that the state of Maryland could not operate a state bank nor did it have the power to tax state businesses. b- The Supreme Court decided in favor of McCulloch, that the United States could operate a national bank and states cannot tax the national government. c- The Supreme Court decided in favor of Maryland, that the state of Maryland could operate banks outside its state borders and tax the national government.

d- The Supreme Court decided in favor of Maryland, that the United States had no power to operate a national bank in any territory of a state government.

b- The Supreme Court decided in favor of McCulloch, that the United States could operate a national ba and states cannot tax the national government.

Expressed powers are: a- delegated powers of the state governments b- delegated powers of the national government c- implied powers of the state governments

d- implied powers of the national government

b- delegated powers of the national government

The framers of the Constitution could not have anticipated creating an air force. Therefore, its creation is an example of: a- a concurrent power b- an implied power c- an expressed power

d- a shared power

b- an implied power

Which of the following is an example of an implied power? a- granting professional licenses b- creating the post offices c- establishing an air force

d- borrowing money

c- establishing an air force

Under the Constitution, the executive, legislative, and judicial branches: a- share power and responsibility b- give authority to the president c- must answer to the president

d- divide powers of the states

a- share power and responsibility

Which of the following is an example of a limit to executive power under the Constitution? a- the president signs a bill into law b- the Supreme Court makes a ruling c- the Congress fails to override a veto

d- the Senate rejects a justice nominee

Which of the following is an example of a check on the power of the legislative branch? a- the Supreme Court rules a law unconsitutional b- the House of Representatives fails to pass a bill c- the president signs a new spending bill into law

d- the Senate approves a foreign treaty agreement

a- the Supreme Court rules a law unconstitutional

The principle that the central and state governments will share power and responsibility is known as: a- separation of powers b- popular sovereignty c- republicanism

d- federalism

Which of the following describes the power to create and collect taxes in the United States? a- concurrent b- delegated c- exclusive

d- reserved

a- concurrent

Popular sovereignty means that: a- officials only make laws that are approved by people educated in law b- independence is not granted by a ruler but agreed upon by the people c- people who receive the most attention from others should have power

d- government authority comes from the people and is subject to their will

The Declaration of Independence reflected the idea of social contract because it: a- was a collective act of representatives from all the colonies b- listed specific grievances and complaints against colonial rule c- named life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness as granted to all

d- said a new government must form due to the king’s actions

Did the Declaration of Independence reflect the principle of individual rights? a- Yes, it listed the grievances against the king for abuses of the colonists’ rights. b- Yes, it requested that the king restore colonists’ rights in order to keep peace. c- No, the grievances listed only applied to colonists who worked for the king.

d- No, the document only stated the colonies themselves would be free.

a- Yes, it listed the grievances against the king for abuses of the colonists’ rights.

Which of the following quotes from the Declaration of Independence reflects the principle of popular sovereignty? a- "We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America…do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies…declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States." b- "He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners…" c- "He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance."

d- "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

a- "We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America…do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies…declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States."

In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. -Madison, Number 51. Based on the quote, which of the following statements would Madison have likely supported? a- Development of political parties is necessary to ensure the security and stability of a democratic government. b- A government must have enough power to govern however, its power must also be limited by creating multiple branches within it. c- One government can not carry out the will of the people alone, therefore the establishment of two separate governments is necessary.

d- A government must sometimes limit civil liberties of individuals to ensure the safety and security of all citizens.

b- A government must have enough power to govern however, its power must also be limited by creating multiple branches within it.

Anti-federalists believed that a bill of rights was: a- unnecessary because the Declaration of Independence listed many individual rights b- unnecessary due to the structure of government and rights under the Constitution c- necessary because the Constitution did not specify protection for individual rights

d- necessary because laws would not follow rights in the Declaration of Independence

c- necessary because the Constitution did not specify protection for individual rights

"If mankind were to resolve to agree in no institution of government, until every part of it had been adjusted to the most exact standard of perfection, society would soon become a general scene of anarchy, and the world a desert." -Alexander Hamilton. Which of the following makes a true statement about the quote? a- Hamilton is an Anti-federalist making a case for changes to the Constitution before the states vote on ratification. b- Hamilton is an Anti-federalist making a case for immediate ratification of the Constitution without any changes. c- Hamilton is a Federalist making a case for changes to the Constitution before the states vote on ratification.

d- Hamilton is a Federalist making a case for immediate ratification of the Constitution without any changes.

Which of the following is an accurate method for formally amending the Constitution of the United States? a- 2/3 of each house of Congress proposes an amendment and 3/4 of the state legislatures ratify it b- 3/4 of each house of Congress proposes an amendment, and 3/4 of the state legislatures ratify it c- 2/3 of the states call on Congress for a national convention to propose an amendment, and 2/3 of state conventions ratify it

d- 2/3 of each house of Congress proposes an amendment and 2/3 of the states ratify it as a national convention

a- 2/3 of each house of Congress proposes an amendment and 3/4 of the state legislatures ratify it

The first Constitution of the United States created a weak national government and strong state governments. What was its name? a- the Articles of Confederation b- Common Sense c- the Bill of Rights

d- the Magna Carta

a- the Articles of Confederation

Which Amendment was added to the Bill of Rights to eliminate the fear of several Federalist leaders that a Bill of Rights would actually hurt the people because it could limit the number of rights that they actually had? a- 9th Amendment b- third amendment c- fifth amendment

d- seventh amendment

a- 9th Amendment

Which of the following IS NOT a method by which a person can become an American citizen? a- by marrying a U.S. citizen b- by being born to an American parent, even if born on foreign soil c- by being born on U.S. soil under the jurisdiction of U.S. law

d- by successfully going through the naturalization process

a- by marrying a U.S. citizen

What is a "green card"? a- a legal document demonstrating legal residency in the U.S. b- an expatriation form c- a non-immigrant visa

d- an immigrant visa

a- a legal document demonstrating legal residency in the U.S.

Which of the following is a benefit that comes with U.S. citizenship? a- all of the above are benefits granted to citizens b- citizens cannot be deported c- citizens have the opportunity to vote if they meet the general qualifications

d- citizens can get passports to leave and reenter the country

a- all of the above are benefits granted to citizens

Which of the following explains why "complacency" is a negative characteristic in a representative democracy? a- if the people are complacent, the government is not likely to be held accountable for its actions b- if the people are complacent they will actively criticize government actions c- when complacency exists, divided and polarized government develops quickly

d- when complacency exists, all power is found at the national level of government

a- if the people are complacent, the government is not likely to be held accountable for its actions

James Madison argued that the Constitution limited the powers of Congress by: a- creating a bicameral Congress as well as through a system of checks and balances b- allowing the President to appoint the leaders of Congress c- allowing the Supreme Court to determine when Congress could get a payraise

d- denying Congress the power to propose amendments to the Constitution

a- creating a bicameral Congress as well as through a system of checks and balances

Which part of the Constitution would promote the idea that if you have a driver’s license from Iowa, then you will be seen as a legal driver in the other 49 states? a- Full Faith and Credit Clause b- Supremacy Clause c- Commerce Clause

d- Equal Protection Clause

a- Full Faith and Credit Clause

The Supreme Court case of the District of Columbia v. Heller opened the door so that the states could be held responsible for respecting WHICH of the following amendments? a- second amendment b- sixth amendment c- eighth amendment

d- fourth amendment

a- second amendment

Who did Thomas Paine (Common Sense) and Thomas Jefferson (the Declaration of Independence) blame for most of America’s troubles with England? a- George III b- George Washington c- Ben Franklin

d- Alexander Hamilton

a- George III

According to the Enlightenment philosophers, the two sides of the social contract are: a- government provides order and protects liberties, while people obey laws and support government b- government collects taxes and provides defense, while people pay taxes and volunteer for armed service c- government maintains an effective economy, while people support the capitalistic economic theory

d- government provide a national church for the people to attend and people support that church by paying taxes

a- government provides order and protects liberties, while people obey laws and support government

Why do most people immigrate to the United States? a- they are seeking greater opportunities for themselves and their families b- they are searching for religious freedom c- they are refugees fleeing from political persecution

d- they are usually fugitives from justice with criminal records in their home countries

a- they are seeking greater opportunities for themselves and thier families

What is the approximate number of illegal immigrants in the U.S. today? a- 11.5 million b- 7 million c- 22 million

d- 33.5 million

a- 11.5 million

When people are willing to follow the rules and policies of a government, the government can be described as: a- legitimate b- a dictator c- absolute

d- a republic

a- legitimate

According to a compromise made in Philadelphia in 1787, this fraction of the slave population in each state could be counted for representation in Congress and for taxation: a- 3/5 b- 1/4 c- 1/2

d- 2/3

a- 3/5

The Great Compromise settled a major problem at Philadelphia over the issue of: a- representation in Congress b- the President c- Slavery

d- States’ Rights

a- representation in Congress

Which of these states did NOT send a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention? a- Rhode Island b- Maryland c- Virginia

d- New York

a- Rhode Island

The first three words of the Constitution, "We the People", most closely reflect which of the following principles? a- popular sovereignty b- separation of powers c- federalism

d- checks and balances

a- popular sovereignty

Which of the following is NOT one of the three powers created through the "separation of powers" of government? a- economic branch b- executive branch c- legislative branch

d- judicial branch

a- economic branch

Which of the following is the ONLY state with a unicameral (one house) legislature? a- Nebraska b- Nevada c- New York

d- North Dakota

a- Nebraska

The structure of the Articles of Confederation: a- neglected the principle of separation of powers because it did not create a separate judicial branch b- reflected the principle "separation of powers" through its three separate branches of government c- made a legislative branch and a strong executive in line with the principle "separation of powers"

d- created a single strong legislative branch in line with the principle "separation of powers"

a- neglected the principle of separation of powers because it did not create a separate judicial branch

Which of the following is a true statement? a- The Anti-federalists believed that a pure democracy was possible, whereas the Federalists did not. b- The Federalists believed that a pure democracy was possible, whereas the Anti-federalists did not. c- The Anti-federalists demanded more written protection than the Federalists did for individual rights.

d- The Federalists demanded more written protection than the Anti-federalists did for individual rights.

c- The Anti-federalists demanded more written protection than the Federalists did for individual rights.

Which of the following amendments to the U.S. Constitution reflects the principle of federalism? a- The 1st Amendment prevents states from taking away any of the people’s rights to free speech. b- The 4th Amendment prevents states from ordering searches and confiscating private property. c- The 8th Amendment reserves states the right to decide appropriate punishment for criminals.

d- The 10th Amendment reserves rights to the states not assigned to the national government.

How does the U.S. Constitution reflect the principle of democracy? a- It creates a republic government, which is the same as democracy. b- Most of the people can elect leaders and petition the government. c- It creates a republic form of government run by only a few officials.

d- Most of the people have no role or effect on the legislative branch

b- Most of the people can elect leaders and petition the government.

Which of the following situations exhibits a reasonable limit placed on the First Amendment in the interest of the common good? a- Television shows are canceled when criminals claim they learned how to commit crimes by watching. b- Groups of three or more people must obtain a license from the city before meeting in any local parks. c- News reporters traveling with troops overseas must not reveal their location or the soldier’s identities.

d- A confessed criminal is forced to speak in court and describe his or her crimes in detail for public record.

c- News reporters traveling with troops overseas must not reveal their location or the soldier’s identities.

Which of the following restrictions to individual rights could most reasonably protect the common good? a- Censoring newspapers and other media from publishing damaging remarks about the president b- Requiring a permit in advance to hold an assembly, such as a parade or concert, in a public area c- Searching all the homes within a neighborhood where authorities had found a criminal in hiding

d- Allowing no one but police and government officials to be in public spaces after dark

b- Requiring a permit in advance to hold an assembly, such as a parade or concert, in a public area

People who are against capital punishment argue that it violates the: a- First Amendment b- Second Amendment c- Fifth Amendment

d- Eighth Amendment

An example of how the Constitution safeguards individual rights is: a- separating the powers into branches b- listing citizens’ rights in the articles c- requiring presidents to be at least 35

d- denying power to state governments

a- separating the powers into branches

Which of the following is an example of a reserved power? a- granting professional licenses b- creating the post offices c- establishing an air force

d- borrowing money

a- granting professional licenses

"New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress." -U.S. Constitution. Based on this quote, the power to create new U.S. states is a: a- concurrent power b- delegated power c- reserved power

d- shared power

b- delegated power

The Declaration of Independence states that people have: a- natural rights that people are born with and that no government can take away b- an obligation to obey their government at all times due to the social contract c- individual rights that differ depending on what work each person does

d- a duty to ensure the majority of people support each government decision rights

a- natural rights that people are born with and that no government can take away

Which of the following quotes best reflects the principle of popular sovereignty in the Declaration of Independence? a- "We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here." b- "The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations…" c- "All men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

d- "He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people."

Which of the following quotes best reflects the principle of natural rights in the Declaration of Independence? a- "He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected." b- "He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures." c- "All men …are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

d- "He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people."

c- "All men …are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

The principle of limited government advocates that the powers of government should be limited by the rights and liberties of the people. Which of the following grievances from the Declaration of Independence best reflects the principle of limited government? a- "He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands." b- "He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power." c- "He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people."

d- "He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures."

b- "He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power."

"In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself." -Federalist No. 51. This quote supports the idea that government must: a- be based on the principle of federalism with the state governments maintaining the majority of responsibility b- maintain order and security at all times and costs, sometimes requiring placing limits to individual liberties c- describe in detail each law or policy enacted to justify its existence and actions to the people it must control

d- have separation of powers with checks and balances so that while it governs, its own power is also limited

Federalists and Anti-federalists: a- agreed on ratification of the Constitution with a strong central government b- agreed on ratification of the Constitution without any significant changes c- disagreed on ratification of the Constitution until slavery could be ended

d- disagreed on ratification of the Constitution and adding a bill of rights

"I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and to the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous. They would contain various exceptions to powers not granted; and on this very account, would afford a colorable pretext to claim more than were granted. For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do?" -Alexander Hamilton. Which of the following makes a true statement about the quote? a- Hamilton is a Federalist and reasons that adding a list of rights to the Constitution would cause problems later. b- Hamilton is a Federalist and reasons that the Constitution should not be ratified without a specific list of rights. c- Hamilton is an Anti-Federalist and reasons that adding a list of rights to the Constitution would cause problems later.

d- Hamilton is an Anti-Federalist and reasons that the Constitution should not be ratified without a specific list of rights.

a- Hamilton is a Federalist and reasons that adding a list of rights to the Constitution would cause problems later.