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HI! You are using pea flower color as a trait to do plant breeding experiments. You have a pure-bred colored flower plant and a pure-bred white flower plant. What do you do to see which color is dominant? You cross-fertilize the pure-bred colored flower pea plant with the pure-bred white flower pea plant. That is correct. You self-fertilize the pure-bred colored flower plant. No, you have to have both alleles of the flower color gene in one plant to test dominance. You self-fertilize the pure-bred white flower plant. No, you have to have both alleles of the flower color gene in one plant to test dominance. White and colored are two alleles of the flower color gene. When one plant inherits both alleles – white from one parent and colored from another – the dominant allele is expressed. You plant and grow the seeds from the cross-fertilization. What kind of flowers do you expect if colored flower is dominant? All the plants in the F1 generation will have pale colored flowers. No, since colored is dominant, the F1 plants will all be colored. All the plants in the F1 generation will have white flowers. No, since colored is dominant, F1 plants will not have white flowers. All the plants in the F1 generation will have colored flowers. That is correct. There will be plants that have 3 flower colors: white, pale colored and colored flowers. No, all the flowers of one plant will have the same color. In fact, colored is the dominant allele and all the plants in the F1 generation have colored flowers. If we use C for the colored allele and c for the white, what is the genotype of these F1 plants? All the plants are CC. No, this is the genotype of a pure-bred colored flower plant. All the plants are Cc. That is correct All the plants are cc. No, this is the genotype of a pure-bred white flower plant. Some of the plants are CC, some are cc. The numbers are random. No, you've cross-fertilized a pure-bred colored with a pure-bred white. You won't get pure-bred colored and whites in the F1 progeny. In a cross between two plants pure-bred for different flower color alleles (CC and cc), the F1 progeny will be (Cc). Offspring have one copy of each parental allele. When a pure-bred colored flower plant is cross-fertilized with a pure-bred white flower plant, all the F1 plants have colored flowers. Colored is the dominant phenotype. The genotype of the F1 plants is Cc. These F1 plants are: homozygous for the colored flower allele. No, these plants have two different flower color alleles, C and c. homozygous for the white flower gene. No, these plants have two different flower color alleles, C and c. heterozygous for the flower color gene. That is correct. The F1 progeny are all heterozygous for the flower color gene. If you let a plant that is heterozygous for flower color self-fertilize, what will you see in the next generation? All the plants have colored flowers. No, the parent plant is heterozygous; offspring can inherit two white alleles. Most are white flower plants, though some are colored. No, colored is the dominant allele. There will be more CC and Cc plants that are colored than cc plants that are white. Most are colored flower plants, though some are white. That is correct All the plants have white flowers. No, the parent plant is heterozygous; not all offspring will inherit two white alleles. Heterozygous parents can pass on the dominant or the recessive allele. Offspring that inherit both recessive alleles will show the recessive phenotype – in this case white flowers. Offspring that inherit one or two dominant alleles will show the dominant phenotype – in this case colored flowers. Most of the plants will have colored flowers. CONGRATULATIONS! YOU'RE SO SMART!
A plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant with white flowers. The resulting offspring have pink flowers. What term describes the dominance of this trait? Possible Answers:
Correct answer: Incomplete dominance Explanation: A phenotypic "blending" of two traits is referred to as incomplete dominance, indicating that neither trait is truly dominant over the other. Instead of one color overpowering expression of the other, both colors are expressed simultaneously. Codominance suggests that both phenotypes are dominant, but cannot be expressed at the same time. The result of codominance would be regions of dominant red expression and regions of dominant white expression, resulting in spots rather than blending.
Two pure breeding plants are crossed. One plant has red flowers and the other has white flowers.
What phenotype(s) would be seen in the first generation if flower color exhibited incomplete dominance? Possible Answers:
All offspring would have pink flowers
All offspring would have both red and white flowers
Half of the offspring would have red flowers, and half would have white
Half of the offspring would have red flowers, and half would have pink
Correct answer: All offspring would have pink flowers Explanation: The genotypes of the offspring can be determined by crossing the red flowers, RR, with the white flowers, rr. RR x rr Offspring: all offspring are Rr. Incomplete dominance means that neither color shows dominance in the hybrid generation. This means that instead of solid red or solid white flowers, the heterozygous plants will display a mixture of both colors. Since the entire first generation will be heterozygous for the color trait, they will all be pink (a mix of white and red).
Black fur (A) is codominant with white fur (a) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b) in mice. Two mice are heterozygous for both traits. If these mice are crossed, what color of fur will the offspring with genotype Aa express? Possible Answers:
Black or white, depending on each individual offspring
Correct answer: Black and white spotted Explanation: Codominance means that more than one type of dominant allele for the same gene is present. If both black and white fur are dominant, then heterozygous (Aa) offspring would be spotted with black and white. Note this is a different expression pattern from incomplete dominance, in which a blending of phenotypes occurs.
Two mice are heterozygous for both fur color and eye color. If these mice were crossed and all offspring have dark brown, almost-black fur, what is the best explanation? Possible Answers:
Both parents have a recessive mutation
Independent assortment has occurred
The alleles for black and brown fur exhibit incomplete dominance
The alleles for black and brown fur exhibit complete dominance
Correct answer: The alleles for black and brown fur exhibit incomplete dominance Explanation: Incomplete dominance is when more than one type of dominant allele for the same gene is present. If black and brown alleles are incompletely dominant, they "compete" for expression, which produces offspring with a combination of the two colors. Note that this pattern difference from codominance, in which the phenotypes will be present in separate spots of blotches.
If red (R) and white (r) are codominant alleles that determine flower color, what phenotypes are possible for this gene? Possible Answers:
Red, white, and red-white spotted
Correct answer: Red, white, and red-white spotted Explanation: The possible genotypes for this trait are RR, Rr, and rr. To determine the answer, we must find the phenotype that corresponds to each genotype. We know that RR is red and rr is white, since these genotypes are homozygous. Now you must determine if Rr is red, white, or some other phenotype. Codominance means that both phenotypes show simultaneously, so the heterozygote would be both red and white, which is a distinct third phenotype. These organisms would show spots or splotches of each color. This gives three total phenotypes: red, white, and red-white spotted. A pink phenotype would only show in instances of incomplete dominance. When an organism is heterozygous for alleles that show incomplete dominance, an intermediate of blended phenotype will be seen.
Yellow, blue, and red alleles all show incomplete dominance for flower color in a diploid plant species. How many phenotypes for flower color are possible in this species? Possible Answers:
Explanation: In the species the entire range of phenotypes will be expressed. Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, so the plant could be homozygous for any of the alleles or it could have any heterozygous combinations. First, we can identify three homozygous phenotypes: YY is yellow, BB is blue, and RR is red. Now we need to identify the heterozygous phenotypes. Since the alleles show incomplete dominance, these phenotypes will be blended. YB will be green, YR will be orange, and BR will be purple. This gives a total of six possible allele combinations and six different phenotypes.
Which of the following is an example of codominance? Possible Answers:
A black dog and tan dog mate to produce a dog with black and tan spots
A black dog and white dog mate to produce a gray dog
A black dog and tan dog mate and produce a red dog
A black dog and tan dog mate to produce a tan dog
A black dog and white dog mate to produce a black dog
Correct answer: A black dog and tan dog mate to produce a dog with black and tan spots Explanation: Codominance is evidenced when the phenotypes of both parents show up in the offspring. A dog that has fur that consists of colors of both parents will be an example of codominance. Only one trait can be expressed at a time, since they are both dominant phenotypes. This results in regions of one dominant allele and regions of the other, showing a spotted or mottled pattern. Incomplete dominance occurs when neither trait is truly dominant over the other. This means that both traits can be expressed in the same regions, resulting a blending of two phenotypes. If a white and black dog produce a gray offspring, this is an example of incomplete dominance. The answer that suggests a red offspring from a black parent and tan parent could result from one of two scenarios. The first possibility is that there are three alleles for color, with red recessive to both black and tan. Both parents carry the red allele, but do not display it, and then pass it to the offspring. Something similar happens with the O blood type. The other possibility is that red color is a new mutation.
A F1 generation flower has red and white petals. One parent flower was red and the other was white. This is an example of which of the following forms of inheritance? Possible Answers:
Correct answer: Co-dominance Explanation: In the example above, the flower has both red and white petals due to co-dominant inheritance pattern of the red and white petal alleles. If the flower’s phenotype was determined by incomplete dominance, the F1 hybrids would be in-between the parental phenotypes (i.e. if a red petal parent was crossed with a white petal parent, then the F1 generation would be pink). Polygenic inheritance occurs when two or more genes control one characteristic, such as skin color, eye color, and adult height.
A sugar flower has white petals, and is homozygous for this trait. Another sugar flower is homozygous for red petals. The white and red sugar flowers are crossed, and produce offspring with pink petals. Which of the following terms describes this type of inheritance? Possible Answers:
Correct answer: Incomplete dominance Explanation: Incomplete dominance is described by a phenotype that is not completely dominant over another. Therefore, it will be a "blending" of colors in the case of this question, therefore the petals are pink. Codominance is when both dominant traits are expressed, therefore if white was considered dominant and red was also a dominant trait, the petals would have spots of white and red, with no pink. Polygenic inheritance is described by one characteristic influenced by multiple genes, which is not the case in this problem. Finally, epistasis involves the suppression of genes, however in this problem color is not suppressed.
Azka
Benedictine University, Bachelor of Science, Biology, General. Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Master of Science, ...
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What is the color of the flower of F1 generation when a plant with red flower is crossed with a plant with white flower?
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