Assumptions are inherent in the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model Show Economic order quantity (EOQ) is the order quantity of inventory that minimizes the total cost of inventory management. It is a measurement used in the field of Operations, Logistics, and Supply Management. By using this model, the companies can minimize the costs associated with the ordering and inventory holding. The underlying assumption of the EOQ model – Following are the underlying assumptions for the EOQ model. Without these assumptions, the EOQ model cannot work to its optimal potential. (a) The cost of the ordering remains constant. (b) The demand rate for the year is known and evenly spread throughout the year. (c) The lead time is not fluctuating (lead time is the latency time it takes a process to initiate and complete). (d) No cash or settlement discounts are available, and the purchase price is constant for every item. (e) The optimal plan is calculated for only one product. (f) There is no delay in the replenishment of the stock, and the order is delivered in the quantity that was demanded, i.e. in the whole batch. (g) That replenishment is made instantaneously, ie the whole batch is delivered at once. (h) That costs to be used in EOQ calculations must be marginal costs. Fixed costs are excluded. These underlying assumptions are the key to the economic order quantity model, and these assumptions help the companies to understand the shortcomings they are incurring in the application of this model. Limitations of the economic order quantity model: It is necessary for the application of EOQ order that the demands remain constant throughout the year. It is also necessary that the inventory is delivered in full when the inventory levels reach zero.
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January 13th, 2012 Comments off
[ see all other topics on inventory control or management] Related PostsEconomic order quantity is also popularly known as EOQ. It is defined as a production scheduling concept as it is used to determine the frequency and volume of orders that are needed to satisfy a specific demand while reducing the cost per order to minimum levels. MeaningEconomic order quantity is necessary to minimize the order-related and holding costs of merchandise and raw materials inventory. It is the perfect order quantity that should be bought by an organization for its inventory. The economic order quantity is also known as the optimal order quantity and optimal order size. This measurement tool is applicable in the fields of supply management, logistics, and operations and is computed by merchandising as well as manufacturing companies. The merchandising organizations use it for computing the optimal order size of inventory related to ready-to-use merchandise, whereas the manufacturing companies for an optimal order size of inventory related to raw materials. Understanding ordering cost and holding costs in an economic order quantityThe EOQ is the level at which the combined holding and ordering cost is at its minimum level. It is important to gather information about the two most important factors of EOQ as there is an inverse relationship between both the ordering cost and holding cost. Ordering costs – Whenever a company places an inventory order with the supplier the cost which incurs is known as ordering costs. The total will vary as it is dependent upon the frequency of placing orders. If the number of orders that have been placed increases in a given year then the annual ordering cost will also increase, and the same applies if the company places small number o orders because then the ordering cost will be lower. Some ordering costs are delivery charges, telephone expenses, payment processing charges, and invoice verification charges. Holding costs – Holding costs are also known as carrying costs as it is incurred while holding the inventory in a warehouse or a store. The total cost is dependent upon the size of the order, and larger the order the higher is the annual holding cost and vice versa. It includes storage space rent, property tax, and insurance. The formula of economic order quantityThe economic order quantity equation takes into account inventory holding costs like shortage costs, ordering costs, and storage. It is based on the assumption that it is holding costs, order, and demand remain constant over time. The formula of economic order quantity is Q = Q = Economic order quantity D = Demand in units S = Order cost H = Holding costs The goal of this formula is to identify the maximum number of units so that an organization can minimize its costs in terms of storing, taking delivery, and buying the units. The formula is easily modified to gather information about varying production levels. It has become a cash flow tool that can minimize the amount of cash and the cost of inventory that is integrated into the inventory balance. The formula also calculates inventory reorder point of an organization. This helps the company as it avoids running out of inventory so that it can fulfill all the orders promptly. Assumptions of economic order quantityThe computation of economic order quantity is possible because of certain assumptions for instance
Advantages of economic order quantityThe advantages of economic order quantity are as follows
DisadvantagesThe disadvantages of economic order quantity are as follows
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