Asclepius, god of Healing, had many sanctuaries erected in his honour. However, amongst those the sanctuary at Epidaurus is arguably the most important. Not only because it was believed to be the birthplace of Asclepius, but also due to the variety of treatments it could offer within its large complex. AsclepeionThe Asklepeion is an example of the typical health centre of the Ancient World. It is located amongst a haven of trees by a force of spring water within a secluded valley. It was a place of pilgrimage for many nationalities. There they would make sacrifices to Asclepios and purify themsleves before entering the abaton. Aside from incubation, pilgrims could also be given pharmaceutical drugs and remedies, they could even undergo surgical treatment, evident due to the scalpels, lances and other instruments found there. Dogs freely roamed the sanctuary and vistors with flesh wounds would allow them to lick their wounds as it was believed their saliva had curative powers. Indeed, modern research has found the presence of antiseptic agents in canine saliva. Asclepius His mother was rumoured to have had an affair with Ischys and in anger, Artemis killed her to avenge Apollo's honour. Hermes is said to have snatched a baby Aslepius from the flames of the Pyre. Hermes was said to have cut the boy from Coronis' womb, thus being named Asclepius, which means "To cut open" in Ancient Greek. he was raised by his father and educated by the celebrated tutor, Chiron the Centaur. Aslepius married Epitone, goddess of soothing pain. The two became parents to many sons and daughters, including Hygieia, goddess of health, and Panacea, goddess of medicines. From a young age, Asclepius was gifted in the art of healing and as he became older, he started teaching medicine. There is a myth surrounding his death concerning his abilities to raise people back from the dead. Zeus recieved word that Aslepius had resurrected Hippolytus and in anger, he killed Asclepius with his thunderbolt. Apollo seeked revenge on the Cyclops that had made the thunderbolt, causing a rift between father and son. Zeus expelled Apollo from the sky and he resided in Thessely for a year, where he served their king, Admetus for a year. Once the year was over, Apollo was welcomed back into Mount. Olympus and Zeus made Asclepius a star in the Ophiuchus Constellation (The Serpent Holder). After death, Asclepius was recognised as the god of medicine, healing, rejuvenation and physicians. Temple of AsclepiusThe main building found at the archaeological site was the Doric temple dedicated to Asclepius. The temple was six columns by eleven columns, which housed a cult statue of Asclepius which no longer remains. Pausanias writes that: "The image of Asclepius is, in size, half as big as the Olympian Zeus at Athens, and is made of ivory and gold...The god is sitting on a seat grasping a staff, the other hand is holding above the head of a serpent; there is also the figure of a dog lying by his side." [2.27.2] As the site plan shows, there are two altars next to the Temple of Asclepius. The earlier altar is large and would have likely been the altar used by the Greeks. The size of the altar is impressive compared to the size of the temple. It suggests that the religious ritual of the Epidaurians would seen the sacrifice of a large amount of animals, thus showing the popularity and volume of visitors of the sanctuary. The smaller, newer altar would have probably been used by the Romans, who also frequented the sanctuary. AbatonThe abaton was used as a place of incubation for worshippers. This particular one was designed as a place for sleeping, so that those who had pilgramaged to consult Asclepius who be able to sleep and wait for the healing god to visit them in a dream, either showing them treatments to follow or curing them of their complaints as they slept. If in need of further treatment, i.e. surgery, the worshippers consulted the priests, who were guided by Asclepius' knowledge. Remains of the Temple of Asclepius and the long row of pillars is the abaton: TholosAt Epidaurus, there is a tholos next to the Temple of Asclepius [as shown in photograph below]. The term tholos is Ancient Greek for 'circular building', which is often a smaller temple used in the worship of the god in which the sanctuary is dedicated to. This is a common feature in many of the sanctuaries all across Ancient Greece. This particular tholos was known as the Thymele. Archaeologists believe that the tholos was the most importance building at the Sanctuary of Asclepius. It use is uncertain. It may have also been used as an abaton or a place for the priests of the sanctuary to eat. Nevertheless, this building is interest due to the subterranean maze which it housed. One could only speculate as to the purpose of this maze. It may have been a place where offerings were made to the gods of the underworld. Perhaps patients were left to wander the maze, potentially finding at its centre a pit of snakes. Some suggest the maze may have acted a form of shock treatment for particular psychiatric cases. The tholos at Epidaurus:
Recreation of the lay-out of Thymele: Temple of ArtemisAt the Asclepeion, there was also a temple dedicated to Artemis. Perhaps her significance to a sanctuary of healing is that she was the goddess of childbirth, the protector of young women, and bringing and relieving disease in women. She is also the aunt of Asclepius. Examples of dedications found at the archaelogical site:A small stone dedications of ears found in the Temple of Asclepius in Epidaurus. People would dedicate imagary of what body parts had been causing them problems - they acted as a souvenir to what had been healed as a token of "thank-you" to the healing god. Various examples of surgical intruments and dedications also found at the Temple of Asclepius, Epidaurus. These would have been used in healing procedures and treatments by the Asclepius' priests of the sanctuary. Figurines of Artemis found at the Temple of Artemis, Epidaurus.
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Dall’s Porpoise are among the fastest swimmers of all cetaceans, which includes dolphins and whales. This porpoise swims at such high speeds – up to 56 km/h (35 mph) – that observers often see only the cone-shaped water spray kicked up by its head, rather than the porpoise itself. The Dall’s porpoise often playfully rides the waves rolling off the bows and sterns of boats. As it plays, it sometimes zigzags over the waves so vigorously that it unwittingly escapes the aim of harpooners poised on deck. Due to its athletic habits, this porpoise must eat a great deal of food – up to 15 kg (33 lb) a day. It feeds on small fish and various cephalopods, including squid, primarily at night. ... Page 3
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin necessary mainly for the formation of blood clots. Without this vitamin, bleeding would not stop. Vitamin K is given as an injection to newborns to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding, since the level of blood clotting factors of newborn babies are roughly 30–60% that of adult values. The reason for this discrepancy is due to poor transfer of the vitamin across the placenta, and thus low fetal plasma vitamin K. Occurrence of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in the first week of the infant's life is estimated at 0.25–1.7%, with a prevalence of 2–10 cases per 100,000 births. Since the vitamin is found in human milk and supplemented in infant formula, the concentration of vitamin K naturally rises within th ... Page 4
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In ancient greece, patients slept while ____ licked their wounds and asklepios applied salves.
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