All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:

  1. Time constraint: The time constraint refers to the project’s schedule for completion, including the deadlines for each phase of the project, as well as the date for rollout of the final deliverable.
  2. Scope constraint: The scope of a project defines its specific goals, deliverables, features, and functions, in addition to the tasks required to complete the project.
  3. Cost constraint: The cost of the project, often dubbed the project’s budget, comprises all of the financial resources needed to complete the project on time, in its predetermined scope. Keep in mind that cost does not just mean money for materials — it encompasses costs for labor, vendors, quality control, and other factors, as well.

Let's look at each of the three constraints in detail.

Time constraint

When it comes to time constraints, proper scheduling is essential. According to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), the following steps should be taken for effective time management:

  1. Planning: This includes defining the main goal(s) of the project team, how the team intends to achieve the goal(s), and the equipment and/or steps that will be taken to do so.
  2. Scheduling: The project management team must plot out the realistic timeframe to complete each phase of the project.
  3. Monitoring: This step occurs once the project is underway and requires the project team to analyze how the past stages of the project performed, noting trends and impacts on future plans, and communicating these findings to all relevant stakeholders.
  4. Control: In the control step, the team must, upon communicating the results of each phase of the project, move forward accordingly. That means if things are running smoothly, the team must analyze the factors contributing to that positive outcome so that it can be continued and replicated. If there has been a derailment, the team must know how and why the derailment occurred and correct it for future actions.

A Gantt chart can help to visualize the project timeline and whether they are tracking to the proper constraints.

Scope constraint

Defined upfront, the scope of the project should be clearly and regularly communicated to all stakeholders to ensure that “scope creep” — the term used when changes are made to the scope mid-project, without the same levels of control — is avoided. To keep the scope in check, you can:

  • Provide clear documentation of the full project scope at the beginning of the project, including all requirements.
  • Set up a process for managing any changes, so if someone proposes a change, there is a controlled system in place for how that change will be reviewed, approved or rejected, and implemented if applicable.
  • Communicate the scope clearly and frequently with stakeholders.

Cost constraint

A project’s budget includes both fixed and variable costs, including materials, permits, labor, and the financial impact of team members working on the project. A few of the ways to estimate the cost of a project include:

  • Historical data: Looking at what similar projects cost in the recent past
  • Resources: Estimating the rate of cost for goods and labor.
  • Parametric: Comparing historical data with updated, relevant variables
  • Vendor bid: Averaging the total charge of several solid vendor bids

Effective cost control is paramount to the success of the project.

Further reading:

All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:
All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:
All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:
All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:
All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:
All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:

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1. According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), project management is defined as “the application of knowledge, _____, _____, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements”.

Select one:a. skills, analysisb. tools, analysisc. analysis, theoriesd. skills, toolse. skills, theories

Answer : (D) skills, tools

2. As a project manager, Tyler is so happy that all expected project deliverable have been accomplished by his project team. What is the next step for his project to proceed in order to verify the project scope by his project client?

Select one:a. Ask his client to pay for the completed project deliverables.b. Award all of his project team members for such a great accomplishment.c. Offer a party for his project team and client to celebrate the success of the project.d. Ask his client to conduct an inspection on all of the completed project deliverables.e. Invite a few experts to judge the quality of all the completed project deliverables.

Answer : (d) Ask his client to conduct an inspection on all of the completed project deliverables


All of the following represent appropriate sources to identify new potential projects except:

3. What is the first step in project planning?

Select one: a. Establish the objectives and scope.b. Determine the budget.c. Select the team organizational model.d. Determine project constraints. e. Inspect the deliverables.

Answer : (a) Establish the objectives and scope

4. While assessing your project processes, you have identified some uncontrolled process variations. Which of the following would be the appropriate chart you may use for this purpose?

Select one: a. Pareto diagram b. PERT chart

c. Control chart

d. HR personnel chart e. Critical path

Ans:- C. Control chart

5. Once the project is approved and moves into the planning stage, what happens in the next phase of the project life cycle?

Select one:a. Agreements for risk sharing need to be concluded.b. The total risk on the project typically reduces as activities are performed without loss.c. Risks must be weighed against the potential benefit of the project’s success in order to decide if the project should be chosen.d. Risks are identified with each major group of activities.e. A risk response plan can be used to identify increasing levels of detailed risk analysis

Answer: – D. Risks are identified with each major group of activities.


6. Fill in the blank. Risk must be considered in the _____ phase and weighed against the potential benefit of the project’s success in order to decide if the project should be chosen.

Select one: a. completion b. closeout c. executiond. planning e. initiation

The answer is – (E) initiation

7. Due to the rapid expansion of your company, your boss decides to establish a project management office (PMO) within the company and asks you to take the lead. According to the PMBOK guide, to be the ideal PMO you can do which of the following?

Select one: a. Speed up a specific ongoing project. b. Find opportunities for collaborative project management. c. Reassign the resources that have been assigned to ongoing projects. d. Reduce the assigned resources to existing projects. e. Reduce the number of project managers in the company.

Ans – B. Find opportunities for collaborative project management

8. Why does the creation of processes for developing teams, establishing priorities, and distributing work and tasks require different sets of skills?

Select one: a. Because resources on the project management team may view it as permanent b. Because resources on the project management team may view it as temporary c. Because resources on the project team are not aware of the technical aspects of the initiative d. Because members of the project management team are not aware of the knowledge and skills of the other people working on the project e. Because project management teams do not look after the operational aspects of the project and are concerned only with the strategy

Ans – b. Because resources on the project management team may view it as temporary

Question 9. According to Bruce Tuckman’s five stages of team development, project team members compete for control at which stage?

Select one:a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Performing e. Adjourning

Answer- (b) Storming

10. The project management office (PMO) handles all of the following functions EXCEPT:

Select one: a. maintaining the organization’s project management policies and procedures.b. supervising the project managers.

c. assigning project managers from other departments but not procuring contract project managers.

d. monitoring project performance. e. providing functional support to projects like project scheduling and project cost analysis

Ans – c. assigning project managers from other departments but not procuring contract project managers.

11. Under which of the following conditions would teams be more effective than individuals?

Select one: a. When speed is important b. When the activities involved in solving the problem are very detailed c. When the actual document needs to be written d. When innovation is required e. When a commitment to the solution is needed by small portions of the project tea

Ans – d. When innovation is required

12. Which of the following is the process of understanding the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to manage a task and then matching the team members with the right skills to do that work?

Select one: a. Benchmarking b. Expediting c. Procurementd. Delegatione. Solicitation

Ans – d. Delegation

13. Which of the following defines what tasks the project resources are expected to accomplish and, just as importantly, what is not part of the project team’s responsibilities?

Select one: a. Punch list b. Check sheet c. Project logic diagram d. Checklist e. Scope document

Ans – e. Scope document

14. After Marta obtained her PMP certificate, her boss assigned her to be in charge of a long-term project, which a recently resigned project manager, Todd, had been working on for three years. When Marta looks at historical information that Todd achieved for this project, which of the following is deemed most critical for Marta to manage her project team?

Select one: a. Project contract b. Detailed activity lists and WBS dictionary c. Legal documents d. Project lessons e. Learn who are the project investors

Ans – b. Detailed activity lists and WBS dictionary

15. Fill in the blank. There is _______ correlation between project complexity and project risk. Select one:

a. an unknownb. a positive c. no d. a negative e. a general

Ans – b. a positive

16. As a new project manager, Karen was worried about a statement from her client: “your project deliverable is in low quality with low grade”. According to PMBOK, how can you help Karen distinguish the differences between “quality” and “grade”?

Select one: a. Quality and grade represent the same thing. b. Low quality can never be a problem, but low grade is.

c. Low quality represents a true problem, but low grade might not be the case.

d. Low quality with high grade is always desirable to your client. e. High quality always represents high grade.

Answer – c. Low quality represents a true problem, but low grade might not be the case

17. Complete the following statement. As a project manager, Darrell is excited that he is assigned to be in charge of the most important project this year. After being chartered for the project, he analyzes the information in the project charter and the stakeholder register to:

Select one: a. decide how to draft a scope statement.

b. start to define and develop the stakeholder needs and requirements. c. prepare for the template to monitor project progress.

d. estimate the entire project budget. e. learn how to get project budget approved by stakeholders.

Answer – b. start to define and develop the stakeholder needs and requirements.

18. After Ling finished drafting a new project charter, she sent a copy of the charter to all key project parties including the project sponsor, senior management and key stakeholders, and scheduled a kick-off meeting with them. What will be the most important goal for Ling to complete the project charter?

Select one: a. Make a professional-looking project charter to impress the key project parties. b. Get confirmation from the key parties that they have read the charter. c. Invite the key parties for a nice lunch to establish a friendly relationship. d. Gather promises from the key project players. e. Obtain officially signed project charters from the key parties.

Answer – e. Obtain officially signed project charters from the key parties.

19. Fill in the blank. During the _________ of a project, the project manager focuses on developing the project infrastructure needed to execute the project and developing clarity around the project charter and scope.

Select one: a. completion b. start-up c. execution d. evaluation e. selection

Answer – b. start-up

20. A project budget estimate that is developed with the least amount of knowledge is known as which of the following?

Select one: a. Rough order of magnitude (ROM) estimate b. Scope of work estimate c. Conceptual estimate d. Line estimate e. Milestone schedule estimate

Answer – c. Conceptual estimate

21. What is the first step in developing a risk management plan?

Select one: a. Analyze the risks. b. Estimate the likelihood of the risks occurring. c. Identify potential project risks. d. Develop a risk mitigation plan. e. Estimate the potential impact of risk on the project goals.

Answer – c. Identify potential project risks

22. According to the PMBOK guide, which of the following statements is right in terms of using reserve analysis to determine a project budget?

Select one: A. Reserve analysis always plans contingency reserves for unexpected project scope and project costs, which are part of your project budget. B. Reserves should not be included in the project budget. C. If you only have limited resources, you may completely ignore reserve analysis when you try to determine your project budget. D. Planning contingency reserves for a project is not practical. E. Contingency reserves have never been a concern when planning a project budget.

Answer – A. Reserve analysis always plans contingency reserves for unexpected project scope and project costs, which are part of your project budget.

23. Complete the following statement. As the project progresses into the execution phase:

Select one: a. risks need to be checked off on activities that have been performed. b. the total risk on the project typically increases. c. risks are identified with each major group of activities. d. a risk response plan can be used to identify increasing levels of detailed risk analysis. e. the risk breakdown structure needs to be examined to be sure all the risk events have been avoided.

Answer – a. risks need to be checked off on activities that have been performed.

24. Which of the following statements about achieving a common understanding of the project purpose is true?

Select one: a. A common understanding means building a consensus and disagreement regarding a project’s purpose is often fatal to project execution. b. Developing a common understanding involves defining project success, determining potential barriers to success, establishing milestones, and identifying decision-makers. c. The methods and processes employed to develop a common understanding depend on the duration of the project. d. Irrespective of the complexity of the project, developing a common understanding usually involves informal discussions that last a few hours. e. When developing a common understanding of the purpose of a project, participants are often instructed to refrain from expressing skepticism.

Answer – b. Developing a common understanding involves defining project success, determining potential barriers to success, establishing milestones, and identifying decision-makers.

25. Which of the following is typically a written document that defines what work will be accomplished by the end of the project?

Select one:a. Scope of work (SOW) b. Project logic diagram c. Milestone schedule d. Ballpark estimate e. Work breakdown structure

Answer – a. Scope of work (SOW)

26. What is considered to be the most useful skill for a project manager who works in a matrix environment in order to achieve project goals?

Select one: a. Leadership skill b. Influencing c. Conflict management skill d. Time management e. Planning skill

Answer – b. Influencing

27. Marco is an investor, and Jon is a project team member. Both have intensive technical background for the project that you are managing. However, recently they have disagreed on the next step to take for the project. They both decide to defer to whoever has the authority to make this decision. Who has the authority to decide which direction should be taken for the project?

Select one: a. Project manager b. Stakeholders

c. The project team

d. Investors e. The board of trustees of this company

Answer – c. The project team

28. As a project manager, while Kathy was trying to categorize all potential risks for her new construction project M based on levels of probability and impact on the project, she identified a potential risk, regarding a schedule conflict with another project to obtain critical equipment for a short time period. Overall, because this risk is probable and might impact her project M, Kathy wants to record this risk; however, she is confused about where she should document this type of risk. According to the PMBOK guide, where should Kathy document this risk?

Select one: a. Watch list b. Risk management plan c. Project management plan d. WBS e. Scope management plan

Answer – d. WBS

29. Which of the following is a quality management system that gives titles to specialists and requires a cost-benefit analysis?

Select one: a. Lean accounting b. Business process re-engineering c. Kaizen d. Six Sigma e. Total Quality Management

Answer – d. Six Sigma

30. Which one of the following is the last step of project closings?

Select one: a. The client has accepted the product. b. Archives are complete. c. The client appreciates your product. d. Lessons learned are documented. e. Temporary staff is released.

Answer – b. Archives are complete.

31. As a project manager of Project Cool at the company, Samira is responsible for monitoring and controlling two project management processes: process A and process B. She recently noticed a high priority risk X has been imposed on her project process A in Project Cool. While she tried to control the risk X, she also noticed that a new potential risk Y will be added to process B. Which of the following best explains this situation?

Select one: a. If risk Y happens, then it is all Samira’s fault, because she did not do a good job of carefully monitoring the risks for Project Cool. b. This is common in practice. Risk Y is a secondary risk caused by Risk X. c. The potential risk might happen, but Samira can ignore risk Y, as risk X takes higher priority. d. Samira is not experienced enough for handling risk management, so her boss will probably fire her. e. Risk Y is called a low priority risk, which is not considered to be a real concern, so Samira should not worry about risk Y.

Answer – b. This is common in practice. Risk Y is a secondary risk caused by Risk X.

32. Roberto is in charge of a new project to help Company A upgrade its old HR system to a cutting-edge, cross-platform system with the most recent mobile technologies. After his project team assessed the available system documentations, the team found the existing documentations too large and complicated to implement the system updates. Roberto advised his team to decompose the major project deliverables into more executable components. In this project process, Robert advised his team to do which of the following?

Select one: a. Document requirements b. Create WBS c. Define project scope d. Verify project scope e. Plan project milestones

Answer – b. Create WBS

33. Complete the following statement. In a weak matrix environment, the project manager, Eric, has to constantly make an effort to influence his project team and stakeholders to ensure project success. This is because:

Select one: a. Eric has a lot of authority. b. Eric has no or little authority. c. Eric is controlled by his functional managers. d. there are no functional managers. e. Eric has flexibility on authority.

Answer – b. Eric has no or little authority.

34. Jack is in charge of a project team. Due to an unexpected project change, some issues with the project have come up. Two key team members, Samantha and Felix, are arguing their solutions to the project problems. They cannot convince each other, and their conflict is creating a negative impact on the project’s progress. As a PMP, which of the following would be the best advice for Jack to manage this conflict?

Select one: a. Confront the problem early, and invite both Samantha and Felix to private meetings. b. Force Felix to give up and to support Samantha. c. Suggest that Samantha concede to Felix. d. Let Felix and Samantha exercise their concerns through conflict resolution. e. Delay this issue for now until it becomes a significant conflict.

Answer – a. Confront the problem early and invite both Samantha and Felix to private meetings.

35. Ahmed is actively initiating a project, so he plans to invite all relevant internal and external stakeholders including sponsors, customers, project teams, etc. for a kick-off meeting. To ensure all of them are covered in the stakeholder register, which document is the most helpful for Ahmed to look at?

Select one: a. Project team activities b. Scope statement c. Project charter d. Work packages e. Project funding agents

Answer – c. Project charter

36. Which of the following is a personal characteristic that reflects the truthfulness of an individual that can be checked against observable facts?

Select one: a. Objective credibility b. Attribution of benevolence c. Non-manipulative trust d. High cost of lying e. Acknowledgement of munificence

Answer – a. Objective credibility

37. When a project manager starts to plan a new project budget, the cost of which project management process group is expected to be lowest?

Select one: a. Initiating b. Executing c. Monitoring and controlling d. Closing e. Planning

Answer – d. Closing

38. CV = $70,000; AC = 90,000; Budget = $200,000. What percent of the project is complete?

Select one: a. 80% b. 53% c. 45% d. 35% e. 75%

Answer – a. 80%

39. As a project manager, John was finally relieved because a major project led by him was just announced a success. According to the PMBOK, which of the following has likely happened in order to consider John’s project a success?

Select one: a. John’s project has met all of the stakeholders’ expectations. b. The phase completion of John’s project has been approved. c. John’s client has paid off the project. d. John’s boss is happy. e. John and his team are promoted and get salary increases.

Answer – c. John’s client has paid off the project.

40. As a project manager, Neel has a team member, Kate, who has not been performing well. Due to many repeated mistakes, she has significantly delayed the whole project progress. Neel tried to offer relevant trainings for Kate to improve her performance, and he was not able to see any progress in two months. However, Kate is a single mom with three kids, and she needs this job to support her family. Based on what you know about conflict management, in this situation, how should Neel proceed?

Select one: a. Neel should fire Kate and look for a more qualified team member. b. Neel should help Kate find another job in the firm. c. Neel should assign Kate more challenging tasks. d. Neel should let Kate stay on the job and pick up her slack. e. Neel should reduce Kate’s salary to reflect her performance.

Answer – a. Neel should fire Kate and look for a more qualified team member

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